Naked, Maria Fedorovna

Daughter of okolnichy Fedor Fedorovich Nagy-Fedets . Her uncle was the Russian ambassador to the Crimea, a diplomat and close associate of Tsar Athanasius Naga , which apparently contributed to marriage ^[1] .

Under Ivan

She married in 1580 , being the 7th wife of the king, that is, illegal under church law (for more, see The Legality of Marriages of Ivan the Terrible ). Later, the new tsar Fyodor Ioannovich forbade the clergy to remember the name of their half-brother Tsarevich Dmitry during divine services on the grounds that he was born in the sixth marriage and therefore is illegitimate ^[2] .

The wedding rank of her marriage has been preserved ^[3] . The well-known historian A. A. Zimin writes: “The wedding took place shortly after the departure of Batory from the Great Onions. According to Gorseya , Grozny married to reassure his son Ivan and the boyars, excited by rumors of the Tsar’s alleged flight to England. Obviously, this reasoning is nothing but idle speculation. The king's wedding took place in an intimate setting. It was attended by those closest to him, mostly the sovereign's Court. "In the father's place" (instead of the father, in the place of the father) prince Fedor spoke at the wedding, and the heir to the throne, Ivan, "tysyatskim") " ^[4] .

Her only son Dmitry Uglitsky , the third of the surviving children of Tsar Ivan , was born on October 19, 1582.

Under Fedor

Upon the death of the king in 1584 and the accession to the throne of his only surviving son from the first marriage of Fyodor Ioannovich (and even before the kingdom's wedding ceremony on May 24) was the regent council with his son and brothers removed to live in Uglich ( 1584 ). Dmitry received Uglich as a reign (as earlier, the younger brother of Ivan the Terrible, Yury Vasilyevich and the younger brother of Vasily III, Dmitry Ivanovich Zhilka ).

Jerome Horsey writes that “a different entourage accompanied the queen, she was released with a dress, jewels, food, horses and so on. - all this is on a grand scale, as befits the empress ” ^[5] .

A fragment of the later “New Chronicler,” apparently based on earlier sources, tells of the reason for the expulsion of the Naked family: on the night after the death of Ivan IV, Boris Godunov “with his advisers put a betrayal on Naked and their poimakh and dasha for bailiffs”; The same fate befell many who "were tsar Ivan the King": they were sent to distant cities and dungeons, their houses were ruined, and estates and patrimonies were distributed. Zimin ^[4] writes that “the story, of course, bears the features of the anti-Godunovskaya edition and the obvious Romanov„ rehabilitation “of Naked. The decision to expel the Naked from Moscow was probably made by the entire Duma, who feared their actions in favor of the younger brother of Fyodor, Tsarevich Dmitry. But basically it is true. The exiled were three sons of A. M. Nagoya: Andrew , judging by the latest data, was sent to Arsk; Mikhail , who was in Kazan in 1583/84, was in Kokshaisk in 1585/86, and in 1586/87 - 1593/94. - in Ufa; Athanasius - in Novosili (1584). In 1585/86, their second cousin Ivan Grigorievich was in Kuzmodemyansky prison, and from 1588/89 to 1593/94 - in the newly built city on Lozva. The eldest uncle of Queen Maria Semyon Fedorovich Naked with her son Ivan in 1585 / 86-1589 / 90. served in Vasilsursk, and another uncle - Athanasius in 1591 was in Yaroslavl. Under Tsarina Maria (who was soon exiled to Uglich) were the father of Fyodor (died about 1590), uncle Andrei, and brothers Mikhail and Grigory Fedorovich. ”

The new king, as mentioned above, according to some sources, over time, forbade the clergy to commemorate Tsarevich Dmitry because of his illegitimacy ^{[2] [6]} .

May 15, 1591 under mysterious circumstances, the boy, who was the heir of Tsar Fedor, died. Riots broke out in the city, in which the queen was also partly to blame - when the child died, she ran out of the yard, saw what had happened, started beating the mother with a piece of wood and declared several people guilty who were killed by the crowd (see Uglich case ).

"For the failure to look after her son and for the murder of innocent Bitityowski with comrades" Nagaya was cut into a nun under the name of Martha . Regarding the monastery information varies - mentioned nonlocalizable Sudin monastery on Vyksa near Cherepovets or Nikolovyksinskaya desert. Her brothers for neglect of the child were imprisoned in a dungeon.

Under Boris

In 1598, Fyodor died, which did not improve the situation of the Naked. She was called out from the monastery by Boris Godunov in 1604 to Moscow, on the occasion of rumors about False Dmitry I , but did not open anything and was sent back.

This scene, colorfully described by Kostomarov ^[7] (after Isaac Massa ), formed the basis of Nikolai Ge’s etude.

They say he ordered to bring the mother of Dimitri to the Novodevichy Convent; from there they brought her to the palace at night secretly and brought her into the bedroom of Boris. The king was there with his wife. “Tell the truth, is your son alive or not?” Boris asked menacingly. “I don't know,” replied the old lady. Then Queen Marya (Boris's wife) became so enraged that she grabbed a lighted candle, shouted: “Oh, you b…. ! you dare say: I do not know - if you truly know! ”- and threw a candle in her eyes. Tsar Boris guarded Martha, otherwise the queen would have burned her eyes. Then old woman Martha said: "They told me that my son had been secretly taken away from the Russian land without my knowledge, and those who said that to me had already died." Disgruntled, Boris ordered the old woman to be taken to prison and held with more severity and hardship.

Under False Dmitry I

On July 18, 1605, she had a ceremonial entry into Moscow, where she recognized False Dmitry I as her son. In the capital she settled in the Kremlin Voznesensky Monastery , where, according to custom, she accepted Marina Mnishek when she was a bride. Members of the Naked clan, as the “relatives” of the king, were returned their freedom, ranks and property.

Later, a Swede with a secret assignment came from Moscow to Poland, who said: “The Tsarina of Moscow, the nun Marfa Feodorovna, mother of the late Dimitri, through her pupil, German Roznovnu, told me that her son did not reign on the throne of Moscow now but a cheater; although she had recognized him for her son from her views, now she reports that this deceiver of the strife wanted to throw out the grave of her real son from the Uglitsa church as a false Demetrius; she, as a mother, felt very sorry; she somehow prevented this with cunning, and her son’s bones remained untouched. ” Kostomarov suggests that this Swede spoke at the instigation of the boyars, who were then secretly weaving a conspiracy on the life of their Dimitri. It is not known whether nun Marfa knew what was said on her behalf ^[7] . This was reported to the old Mnishek , Pseudo -Dmitry's father in law.

The members of the Naked family took part in the wedding of their “nephew” - the stable Mikhailo Nagoya, the brother of the queen, brought signs of royal dignity (cross, crown and tiara).

At the time of the murder of the False Dmitry in 1606, she refused to be recognized as his son. Kostomarov describes the scene of the murder: Odin hit him on the cheek and said: “Speak, used…. son, who are you? Who is your father? What's your name? Where are you from?". Dimitri spoke; “You know, I am your king and Grand Duke Dimitri, son of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich. You recognized me and crowned my kingdom. If you don’t believe it now, ask my mother, she’s in the monastery, ask her if I’m telling the truth; or bring me to the place of origin and let me speak. " Then Prince Ivan Golitsyn shouted publicly: “Now I was with Queen Marfa; she says that it is not her son: she recognized him unwillingly, fearing death to kill, and now she is repudiating him! ”These words were immediately transmitted from the window of the crowd that stood. Shuisky, meanwhile, rode in the courtyard and immediately confirmed that the only son of Queen Martha was killed in Uglich, and she had no other son. Then the Pretender was killed. Then, at the Ascension Monastery, the crowd stopped and called the queen Martha. “Speak, Queen Martha, is this your son?” They asked her. According to the news of “Notes of Nemoevsky, ” Martha replied: “Not mine!”. In another way - she said mysteriously:

“It would be asking me when he was alive; and now, as you killed him, he is no longer mine! ”

On the third news, reported in Jesuit notes, the mother first answered the question of dragging the corpse: "You know this better." And when they began to pester her with a threatening look, she said in a resolute tone: "This is not my son at all." On June 3, 1606, solemnly met in Moscow the relics of St. Tsarevich Dimitri, brought from Uglich.

Under Vasily Shuisky

Tsarina’s brother Mikhail in 1607, on behalf of Tsar Vasily Shuisky, traveled to Yelets with a letter from Tsaritsa Martha (Mary) and Tsarevich Dmitry to admonish the outraged population of Seversk cities and the death certificate of Dmitry, in 1609 among other governors defended Moscow from the Poles' attack and Adherents of False Dmitry II.

Death

Various sources give different dates for the death of Maria Fedorovna: 1608, 1610, 1612. However, the gravestone preserved in the Kremlin reads:

“On the summer of 7116 (1611) months of June, in 28 the servant of God, the monk, the queen, Marya Feodorovna of All Russia, Tsar Ivan, was ceased” ^[8] .

• Kireyevsky ("Songs")
• In the epic, "Grishka Otrep'ev" is called "Marfa Matveyevna" ^[9]

(...) And in the archers, guesses,
For this is the word,
In Bogolyubov monastery threw
To Queen Marfa Matveyevna:
“You are the Queen Marfa Matveevna!
Is this your child on the kingdom sitting,
Tsarevich Dimitrey Ivanovich? ”
And vtapory queen Marfa Matthewna cried
And such are the words in tears said:
“And you are stupid archers, are unsteady!
What is my child sitting on the kingdom?
You are sitting on the kingdom
Grishka Otrepiev son;
My son is lost, Prince Dimitrey Ivanovich (...) "

• Death of Ivan the Terrible (1909) - Elizaveta Uvarova
• Ivan the Terrible (2009) - Maria Eshpay-Simonova
• Boris Godunov (2011) - Anna Churina
• Godunov (2018) - Irina Pegova