Usa is a river in the Samara region and the Ulyanovsk region , the right tributary of the Volga . The basin is located within the Volga Upland, a forest-steppe physiographic region of the Russian Plain .
| Usa | |
|---|---|
 Usa near the source | |
| Characteristic | |
| Length | 76 km |
| Pool | 2240 km² |
| Watercourse | |
| Source | |
| • Location | near the village. Gremyachy |
| • Height | 280 m |
| • Coordinates | |
| Mouth | Kuibyshev reservoir |
| • Location | about with. Berezovka |
| • Height | 44 m |
| • Coordinates | |
| Location | |
| Water system | Kuibyshev Reservoir → Volga → Caspian Sea |
| A country |
|
| Regions | Ulyanovsk region , Samara region |
| HWR Code | |
Content
Geography and Hydrology
The length is 76 [2] km. The catchment area is 2240 [2] km². Before the filling of the Kuibyshev Reservoir, Usa was much longer - according to the Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin , with the Gulf of Usinsk the length of the river is 143 km and the area of the basin is 3390 km². Maximum depth - 3 m, flow speed - 0.7 m / s
The transparency of water is 60 cm in the middle course (at Verhnesurinsk and 40 cm at the bottom (in the area of Mezhdurechensk ).
It originates on the Volga- Sviyazhsky watershed not far from the village of Gremyachiy in the Balashaya forest area of the Racheysky forestry enterprise from two sources-springs forming the Bolshaya and Malaya Usa streams with a channel width of 40-50 cm.
The relief of the catchment is wavy, in places crossed by steep and steep ravines. Floodplain valley, up to 3-4 km wide. The slopes of the valley, 20-30 m high, are flat, sandy, sandy, dissected by ravines, and open. The height of the right slope is 30–90 m, in places decreasing to 10–20 m. The left slope is below –– 10–30 m. There are many springs in the valley.
The floodplain is two-sided (2.5–3 km wide), flat: the left bank is swampy, crossed by canals, oxbows, covered with bushes; the right bank is open, partly occupied by gardens and built up, begins to flood at a height of water level of 310 cm. The riverbed is moderately sinuous, weakly deformed, overgrown with aquatic vegetation. At a distance of 23 km from the mouth there is a release of groundwater . At a distance of 22 km from the mouth of the river is blocked by an earthen dam.
The average water temperature in the river ranges from 2.1 ° C in May to 4.8 ° C in October with a maximum temperature in July of 18.7 ° C.
The river is actively used for domestic, domestic and agricultural water supply. Usinsk Bay is navigable: the route from Mezhdurechensk to the mouth (20 km) is included in the list of waterways of the Russian Federation.
Environmentalists assess water quality as “polluted”. The hydrochemical index of water pollution is 3.2, the determining component of pollution is iron .
About 25 species of bottom fauna are observed in the river.
Tributaries
From the mouth to the source:
- 26 km: Kamyshinsky
- 33 km: Terengulka
- 41 km: Maza
- 57 km: Coca
- 61 km: Borla
Etymology
Hydronim Usa is widely distributed in Russia. The name may be derived from Mong. mustache (water, river) or Finno-Ugric mustache (tributary, inlet river).
Notes
- ↑ Surface water resources of the USSR: Hydrological knowledge. T. 12. The Lower Volga region and Western Kazakhstan. Issue 1. The Lower Volga / ed. O.M. Zubchenko. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1966. - 287 p.
- ↑ 1 2 State Water Register . Usa . textual.ru . Ministry of Environment of Russia (March 29, 2009). The appeal date was December 20, 2018. Archived March 29, 2009.
Literature
- Blue Book of the Samara Region: Rare and Protected Hydrobiocenoses / Edited by Corr. RAS G.S. Rosenberg and Doctor of Biological Sciences S.V. Saksonova . - Samara : Samara Scientific Center of RAS , 2007. - P. 25, 29-30. - 200 s. - ISBN 5-93424-189-3 .
Links
- Small rivers of the Samara region . The appeal date is May 13, 2010. Archived April 25, 2012.