Krasnoyarsk metro

The need for the metro in Krasnoyarsk was recognized back in the 1960s. Metro lines were included in the master plan of the city in the early 1970s.

In 1983, at a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, one of two exceptional decisions was made on the construction of the subway in Krasnoyarsk, which had not yet reached the status of a millionaire city (the other such exceptional case was the capital of the Union Republic of Riga ).

In 1984, the Moscow Institute of Giprokommuntrans developed a comprehensive transport scheme for the city, and the Kharkovmetroproekt Institute was given the task of making a feasibility study for the Krasnoyarsk metro. At the same time, the development of a feasibility study began, its approval by the USSR State Planning Commission, direct design (Kharkovmetroproekt Institute), construction of a base, etc. Engineering and technical surveys were conducted by the Krasnoyarsk Trust KrasTISIZ. In 1989, all work was curtailed (as in other cities with the designed, but not begun, construction of the metro).

Design work was resumed in 1993 ^[1] ; in 1994, the technical project of the first stage of the first line passed the state examination and was approved by a resolution of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation.

The first stage of the first metro line included the commissioning of five stations - Vysotnaya, Kopylovskaya (now Kopylov Street), Vokzalnaya, Ploshchad Revolyutsii, Prospect Mira, inclined passages on the last three distillation tunnels between them; technical building, as well as electric depot. The construction length of the first stage is 8.5 km; the average distance between stations is 1.85 km. The planned traffic volume is 55 million passengers a year, or 169 thousand passengers a day.

The 5.5-kilometer first launch site consisting of the first three stations in the center was allocated from the first stage.

Customer - Krasnoyarsk Metro Construction Directorate ; general designer - Krasnoyarskmetroproekt ^[2] ; the general contractor is Krasnoyarskmetrostroy (the head organization is Bamtonnelstroy ).

In 1993, the governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory V. M. Zubov was the main initiator of the construction of the subway. ^[1] Preparatory and mining operations began in 1994 . Direct construction - the first bucket of land was removed - began on October 17, 1995 .

On trunk number 5 (the Ploshchad Revolyutsii station), work began on January 30, 1996. By 2003, the trunk was drilled to the design depth of 71.2 meters, and the entire complex of temporary buildings and structures necessary for sinking near-barrel workings and distillation tunnels was built on the surface. Mining operations on the construction of a pump chamber and a bypass adit were performed on the trunk section.

Work at the Vokzalnaya station (trunk number 3) began on August 19, 1996. However, due to insufficient funding, by August 2003, not all the planned scope of work was completed: the shaft was completed to the design level of 69.4 m, a metering chamber and an underground storage bin were under construction. The mining machine by that time was already underground.

In 1998, funding began to decline; no funds were allocated from the city budget. ^[1] In 1999, the situation became so critical that the general director of Krasnoyarskmetrostroy (a division of Bamtonnelstroy OJSC) threatened to turn off the pumps that pumped the water.

After preparatory work and the construction of approach workings on December 26, 2001, the KPSCH-12 domestic tunneling shield from mine shaft No. 2 (on Lado Ketskhoveli St.) at a depth of 60 meters, the directly left distillation tunnel began to be drilled towards the future station, ul. Kopylova " . According to the project, a 5.14 km subway line was supposed to go from Vysotnaya Street to the railway station. ^[3]

In July 2003, a plant was commissioned in Krasnoyarsk, equipped with an automatic carousel line for the production of high-precision reinforced concrete blocks for lining tunnels . The equipment was supplied by the French company CBE. The plant produces up to 11 blocks per shift.

Reinforced concrete blocks began to be supplied for the construction of subways in Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, and Chelyabinsk.

By this time, the KPSCH-12 tunnel complex had passed 242 meters of the left distillation tunnel. After the installation of the set-top box for mechanized mining of the face, the speed of tunneling increased significantly.

On September 5, 2003, at the construction site of the Vysotnaya station , a tunneling complex delivered from Singapore in 2002 was put into operation (after the conservation of work on the site in 1997-2001). ^[4] An assembly chamber was constructed under LOVAT, 120 meters long, 24 meters wide and 12 meters deep. At the beginning of July 2004, the LOVAT shield covered 420 meters of soil. ^[five]

In 2005, the federal budget allocated 144 million rubles , for which 250 meters of the Vysotnaya - Kopylova Street tunnel were covered. ^[6]

In 2006, 230.2 million rubles were allocated.

In 2007, 630 million rubles were spent, 588 million of which came from the federal budget, the rest from the regional budget. With this money, in 2007 930 linear meters of tunnels were made on the stages between the stations "Vysotnaya", "Kopylova Street" and "Vokzalnaya". The Krasnoyarskmetroproekt Institute also completed a number of design works in the amount of 23 million rubles. By September 2007, more than 2100 meters of directly distillation tunnels had been covered, not counting the approach workings and mine shafts . ^[7]

By May 2008, more than 3.5 thousand meters of mine workings had already been completed in the Krasnoyarsk metro, of which about three kilometers of finished tunnels. A total of about 4.8 billion rubles was spent.

In 2008, about 600 million rubles were allocated from the federal and regional budgets for the construction of the subway. ^{[8] [9]}

By the time of the termination of active work in 2009, in addition to tunneling, the construction of Vysotnaya stations was underway ( open pit construction of a foundation pit, platform site facilities, vestibules , other station elements) and Vokzalnaya ( deep laying ); maintenance work was carried out at the mine workings of the Ploshchad Revolyutsii station - lighting, ventilation, drainage, as well as supervision and control; design work of a locomotive depot and stations included in the launch complex.

In 2009, it was decided to stop the construction of the Ploshchad Revolyutsii station - mines should be mothballed until the first section of the three stations is put into operation, the technical building should be dismantled, the mine should be filled with sand, and the construction site should be temporarily liquidated due to the lack of sufficient number of workers on others sections of the workers of this trunk No. 5 should be transferred to the main front of work on tunneling and construction of stations of the launch site ^[10] .

In 2010, the municipal institution "Office for the Construction of the Krasnoyarsk Metro" ^{[11] [12]} was liquidated.

In 2011, it was decided to suspend the construction of the entire metro ^[13] The construction site of the Vokzalnaya station was mothballed and then dismantled, the mine driver was dismantled ^{[14] [15] [16] [17]} . However, the resumption of construction was assumed ^[18] .

On May 20, 2011, a group of deputies of the State Duma from the Just Russia faction introduced an amendment to the draft federal law On Introducing Amendments to the Federal Law “On the Federal Budget for 2011 and for the Planning Period of 2012 and 2013”, to allocate three billion rubles for the construction of the subway in Krasnoyarsk, Chelyabinsk and Omsk, but it was not accepted because it was not supported by deputies of the United Russia faction. At a short survey by the United Russia party about the most important social project for residents, the majority of Krasnoyarsk respondents spoke out in favor of building a metro ^{[19] [20]} . In the same year, the authorities abandoned the construction of the metro in favor of a light rail ^[21] .

In January 2012, Governor Kuznetsov announced the continuation of the construction of the subway and the re-conservation of workings. ^[22]

In February 2012, it was promised to allocate 1 billion rubles from the federal budget to continue construction. Nothing is known about the receipt of this money in the city and the resumption of construction work.

The issue of the possible completion of the subway in Krasnoyarsk was announced by the regional authorities as one of the priority ones ^[23] .

In February 2013, the Turkish company Kolin proposed building a launch site for the first metro line in four years ^{[24] [25]} .

In May 2013, a decision was again made on the conservation of all constructed workings for an indefinite time. The order of the city administration for conservation is placed on the public procurement portal. The work will be carried out with the preservation of engineering networks, in particular, sewage, water supply, external and internal power supply, communications. The term of performance of work should not exceed 3 months ^[26] .

In late 2013 - early 2014, in connection with obtaining the Krasnoyarsk right to host the Winter Universiade 2019 , the opportunity to build and open the subway system again appeared ^[27] .

At the beginning of 2015, the governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory V. A. Tolokonsky, due to the high cost, ordered to suspend the construction of the metro until 2020, focusing on the construction of ground facilities ^{[28] [29]} . Previously, he spoke out in support of construction ^[30] .

In March 2017, Igor Ivanov was re-appointed Director of the Krasnoyarsk Metro Construction Directorate, who held this position from 1997 to 2009 ^[31] .

For 2017, the conservation of facilities costs ^{[32] to} local authorities in 76 million rubles per year. It was planned that upon receipt of federal funding the first branch will be built in 3.5 years and 70 billion rubles, but for 2017 it was not received. 2.6 billion rubles have already been spent ^[33] , from 2.6 to 3.5 km of tunnels have been made. The construction of the first branch was excluded from the plans for the Universiade.

At the end of August 2018, the Administration of Krasnoyarsk reserved a land plot for municipal needs for a three-year period with the goal of building the trunk No. 1 of the station “Kopylova Street”, the construction of which should go through the streets Kopylova , Partizanskaya and Akademika Kirensky ; the first line will run between the Vysotnaya and Prospect Mira stations, which are being prepared for construction ^[34] .

On April 26, 2019, the governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Alexander Uss, announced that the construction of the metro would be prepared for the summer of 2020 ^[35] . According to the bill “On the development of the metro in Krasnoyarsk,” construction is scheduled to begin in 2019, and completion in 2023 ^[36] .

In Krasnoyarsk, located on both sides of the Yenisei and elongated along its banks for almost 40 km ^{[37], the} soils are very heavy for the construction of the subway — they are very fractured, significantly flooded and sagging. They require both careful fastening of the faces, and special methods of sinking, and, therefore, expensive equipment. Most of the designed stations of the Krasnoyarsk metro are deep-laid. The average depth of the Krasnoyarsk metro is 60 meters; working trunks reach a mark of more than 83 meters ^{[ where? ]} . The work was carried out in difficult geological conditions using the technology of chemical soil fixation. For tunneling, the Canadian-made Lovat tunneling complex , called Olga, and the KPSCH-12 domestic shield complex (left distillation tunnel) were used. Among the auxiliary equipment were the German Shoma diesel locomotive, VSK-6.2 wagons and mortar trucks based on Skru-krit concrete pumps (Japan). Tunnel lining was carried out by high-precision reinforced concrete blocks. Construction was conducted by Krasnoyarskmetrostroy LLC with the involvement of the parent organization Bamtonnelstroy OJSC, also located in Krasnoyarsk.

Metro stations were planned mainly deep-seated - with some exceptions ("Vysotnaya", at the medical university, etc.) ^[38] . The Lenmetrogiprotrans Institute carried out the “linking” of some stations of the St. Petersburg metro for the Krasnoyarsk metro, for example, the project of the Ploshchad Vosstaniya metro station in St. Petersburg was proposed for the construction of the Ploshchad Revolyutsii station, the design of the Ploshchad Vuzhstva station for the Vokzalnaya station, etc. The stations “Ulitsa Kopylova”, “Vokzalnaya”, “Ploshchad Revolyutsii”, “Prospekt Mira” of the first stage were to be connected to the vestibules and cash rooms by four- band escalators .

The opening of the first launch site with three stations ( Vysotnaya ( shallow ), Kopylova street (deep), Vokzalnaya (deep)) on a 5.17 km line, was delayed several times by the construction of the engineering building and electric depot. The last time it was formally planned for 2012 , but in the end, the construction of the subway was postponed indefinitely.

At the next stage of construction, two stations of the second launch site were planned - “Ploshchad Revolyutsii” and “Prospekt Mira” (both deep-laid), after which the operational length of the first stage of the first line would be 8.22 km. After that, a ground-type station was to be built in the Strelka area.

Two lines were planned and passed back in the 90s.

First line: Vysotnaya - Kopylova Street - Krasnoyarsk-Passenger Railway Station - Revolution Square - Arrow - ul. Airport - Takeoff - North - "Green Grove" - ​​aluminum plant.

The second line was to go from north to south: “Solnechny” - “Severny”, the city center and further to the right bank with the construction of a tunnel under the Yenisei.

In the future, a third line was planned, which would go as follows: Drokino - st. Kalinina - pl. Revolution - the right bank.

the books

• Krasnoyarsk / Red-comp. L.I. Yaroslavtseva. - Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk book publishing house , 1988. - 366 p. - 20,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7479-0063-3 .

dissertations

• Yarechenko S. A. Ensuring energy efficiency of functioning of the created electrical engineering complex of the Krasnoyarsk metro / abstract of thesis. ... candidate of technical sciences: 05.09.03. - Omsk: Ohm. state tech. Univ. , 2009 .-- 19 p.

article

• Krasnoyarsk metro on UrbanRail.Net (English)
• Krasnoyarsk Metro at MetroSoyuza.Net
• Construction of the Krasnoyarsk Metro // Bamtonnelstroy
• Design schemes of the lines of the Krasnoyarsk metro
• Krasnoyarsk metro on the portal "Krasnoyarsk of the Future"
• Scheme of the Krasnoyarsk metro on the website of Alexei Borisov
• Krasnoyarsk metro on the website of Andrei Surikov