2С35

In 1989 the 152-mm self-propelled howitzer 2S19 "Msta-S" was adopted by the artillery regiments of the motorized rifle and tank divisions of the Soviet army . According to its characteristics at the time of adoption, it approximately corresponded to its foreign counterparts, however, already in the early 1990s, the NATO member countries adopted the “Joint Memorandum on Ballistics”, which defined the new standard for 155-mm howitzers and set the maximum range firing high-explosive fragmentation projectiles at 30 km, and active-rocket shells at 40 km. In order to eliminate the lag of the divisional artillery of Russia from the artillery of the NATO countries ^[13] , the development of the 2S19 modification under the name 2C33 “MSTA-SM” ^{[14] [15]} was started (the index 2C19M is given in some sources).

In parallel with the work on the modernization of "Msty", the 3rd Central Research Institute was conducting research on the further unification of self-propelled howitzer artillery weapons with sea-based systems, while the Petrel Research Institute was developing the possibility of creating a three-barreled artillery complex. Due to the collapse of the USSR and the difficult financial situation of Russia, the work was stopped, but already in early 2002, under the direction of Chief Designer A. Rogov, Department No. 0514 of the Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute Burevestnik ^[16] designed a model of a multifunctional prospective combat module artillery system. As a result of the successful demonstration of the developed module, it was decided to develop and manufacture an experimental model of a new artillery system within two years. By March - April 2003, optimal designs of the cradle, holder, guides and piston gate of the implement were designed and accepted for further work ^{[13] [16]} . After final approval, the manufacturing of the instrument was started. OJSC Motovilikhinskiye Zavody manufactured parts of the barrel-bolt group and a cradle, while TsKB Titan produced a system of projectile pneumatic loading system. In July 2003, the design departments of the Petrel Research Institute on the basis of the B-4 towed howitzer began to design a test bench for firing tests. In June-July 2004, the assembly and debugging of the stand was completed, and by September, test results were obtained that confirmed the correctness of the design solutions of the artillery system. Simultaneously with the stand on the basis of the B-4 howitzer at the Ural Transport Engineering Plant , a mobile integrated stand was made, which was an ACS 2С19 with a double-barreled gun installed instead of a howitzer 2A64. This stand also passed tests that confirmed the performance of the design of the loading mechanisms of the future prospective ACS. In addition to the double-barreled version, a single-barrel version of the gun was also made and tested, placed on the chassis of the self-propelled 2S5 gun. According to the results of the analysis, it was later decided to abandon the double-barreled scheme, since the single-barrel version had greater reliability of the mechanisms and a lower price ^[4] . The resulting studies formed the basisOCD under the name "Coalition-SV" (Grau index - 2С35 ) ^{[16] [17]} .

Officially, work on the creation of 2S35 began in 2006 ^[18] . In 2011, the stage of production of working design documentation for the wheeled and tracked versions of the system, as well as the transport-charging machine for them, was completed ^[19] . By 2013, the Ural Transport Engineering Plant produced the first two prototypes of the ACS “Coalition-SV”, and in 2014, a series of 10 2C35 units took part in the anniversary Victory Parade on Red Square ^[20] .

On March 11, 2016, Colonel Igor Muginov, on behalf of the Western Military District, reported that by the end of 2016, the first batch of ACS 2S35 Coalition-SV ^[21]

On January 2, 2019, according to media reports, citing sources at the defense ministry during the tests, the possibility of hitting targets at a distance of up to 80 kilometers was confirmed. ^[22]

In addition to the tracked version of the ACS 2S35, a wheel version is also being developed, designated 2C35-1 "Coalition-SV-KSh". Unlike the caterpillar version, the SAU "Coalition-SV-KSh" is located on the modified base of the KAMAZ-6560 truck . The main modifications of the chassis touched the reinforcement of the frame of the truck frame. Like the basic SAU 2S35, 2S35-1 has an uninhabited fighting compartment. The crew of the ACS is located in the armored chassis cab. Deployment time is up to one and a half minutes. The adoption of ACS 2S35-1 was planned in 2015, simultaneously with the basic version ^[23] . As part of the initiative work carried out by the Petrel Research Institute , on the basis of the artillery part of the Coalition ACS modified by Motovilikhinskie Zavod , an experimental tool was developed that uses new physical principles to increase the maximum firing range by a factor of 1.5. The results obtained in the course of experimental work determined the future development of artillery systems ^[24] . As stated by the Director General of the Petrel Research Institute, the artillery complex for the Coastal Forces of the Navy will be created on the basis of the self-propelled howitzer “Coalition-SV” ^[25] .

Armored Corps and Tower

Interspecific artillery complex 2S35 "Coalition-SV" is made according to the tower scheme. The body of the machine is similar in geometry to the body of the T-90 tank and is divided into three sections: the control unit, the combat and the power (engine-transmission) compartment. Compared with the T-90 tank, the front part of the hull is significantly modified to accommodate the control compartment. In the middle of the department of management there is a place for a driver with chassis controls, and to the left and right of him are the places of the gun commander and gunner, respectively. In the middle part of the body is a deserted fighting compartment. The process of forming a shot and loading guns are made in a fully automatic mode. A 152-mm 2A88 cannon was installed in the ACS swiveling turret. On the left and right sides of the tower, as well as on the roof, grenade launchers of the system 902 are installed to place smoke screens. In the front and rear of the roof are two sensors warning about laser irradiation SAU. In the stern is the engine compartment with the power plant ^[26] .

Armament

The main armament of ACS 2S35 is a 152-mm gun 2A88. On the muzzle cut pipe 2A88 fixed muzzle brake . Tool loading modular . Send projectile into the bore is made using a pneumatic loading mechanism. The design of the loading mechanism ensures the loading of the ACS at any angles of vertical guidance without returning the barrel to the loading line. The shot is carried out by a microwave charge initiation system. Due to the applied design of loading mechanisms on the ACS 2S35, a high rate of fire is ensured ^{[26] [27]} . Despite the fact that some media claim the maximum rate of fire of an ACS 2S35 at 16 rounds per minute ^[28] , the real rate of fire of the Coalition-SV self-propelled artillery gun is classified, it’s only known that it is more than 10 rounds per minute ^[29] and 1.5 times higher than the existing artillery systems ^[30] . The main ammunition SAU 2S35 includes high-explosive fragmentation projectiles, as well as guided projectiles, created on the basis of the Krasnopol shell. In addition, the use of special-purpose projectiles, such as lighting , smoke and incendiary , is provided ^[31] . The maximum firing range is 80 km ^[6] , while the accuracy at long distances is provided by guided projectiles with its own drop-down rudders and with GLONASS navigation ^[32] .

A self-propelled ammunition ammunition is 70 shots ^[4] . To supply the self-propelled 2C35 art complexes with shots, the design bureau of the central scientific research institute Burevestnik based on the KamAZ-6560 truck developed a universal transport-loading machine 2F66-1 capable of transporting 120-155 mm projectiles . The total ammunition load in mechanized packs is 92 shots, and the loading time of the ACS is no more than 20 minutes ^[33] .

As an additional weapon, a remote-controlled 6S21 turret with a 12.7-mm CORD machine gun was installed on the roof of the 2S35 turret. The installation consists of a weapon unit, pointing drives and a laser rangefinder. Control is exercised through television channels, the angles of vertical guidance range from −5 ° to + 75 °. Ammunition in the cartridge box - 200 rounds ^{[26] [34]} .

Special Equipment

Interspecific artillery complex 2S35 "Coalition-SV" is equipped with a system for automated control of the guidance of the gun, target selection, navigation and positioning of ACS. Workplaces of the gunner and the commander are equipped with displays on which information of a single information-command system is displayed. Integration of 2S35 self-propelled artillery mounts into the Unified tactical echelon control system allows you to receive target designations via a digital communication channel, provide a round-the-clock overview of the terrain both during the day and at night, perform an autonomous calculation of firing installations and adjust your fire ^{[4] [27]} .

The ACS 2S35 is intended for armament of separate artillery brigades of army subordination of ground forces ^[7] .

Comparison table for TTX 2S35 with previous generation artillery systems

ACS 2S35 "Coalition-SV" compared with the "Mstoy-S", has a significantly increased maximum firing range (80 km vs. 29 km) and increased by 1.5 times ^{[28] [30]} rate of fire . Just like the 2S19M2 self-propelled guns, the 2S35 implements the “simultaneous fire raid ” function, which allows you to hit a target simultaneously with several projectiles fired from the same SAU and on different flight paths ^[38] . In addition, the 2S35 ammunition includes shells of increased power. Crew SAU reduced to three people. Shooting is fully automated and does not require the presence of gun members in the fighting compartment 2S35 ^{[15] [30]} .

Comparative table of TTX 2С35 with foreign analogues

After the adoption of the Joint Memorandum on Ballistics by NATO member countries in the early 1990s, a number of states began creating new self-propelled guns or upgrading existing self-propelled artillery systems with a 155-mm barrel with a 52-caliber barrel and a 23-liter charging chamber . By 1998, mass production of self-propelled howitzers PzH 2000 , created on the basis of the previously canceled project PzH 70, was launched in Germany . Unlike its predecessor, the PzH 2000 is armed with a gun with new ballistics, which made it possible to increase the firing range of L15A2 shells to 30 km , and the ERFB-BB projectiles to 41 km . In addition, the rate of fire was increased to 8-10 shots per minute. Compared with the ACS PzH-2000, the interspecific artillery complex “Coalition-SV” has a greater maximum firing range, a smaller mass, and a smaller crew (3 against 5). In addition, the loading and firing of ACS PzH-2000 is not fully automated, as is the case with other modern analogs of ACS 2C35 ^{[4] [15] [39]} .

According to the estimates of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation , the complex of characteristics of ACS 2S35 exceeds similar systems by 1.5-2 times ^[43] . Compared to the M777 towed howitzers in the US Armed Forces and the M109 self-propelled interspecific artillery complex, the Coalition-SV has a higher degree of automation, an increased rate of fire and a range of fire that meets modern requirements for conducting general combat .

National Interest notes that Coalition-SV has a significant advantage over even the most modernized versions of the M109 version of PIM, since the main American self-propelled gun may be significantly lower than the Coalition-SV in firing range and, according to National Interest experts, the firing range is a decisive advantage in an artillery duel . ^[44]

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