Lesnoy (formerly Sverdlovsk-45) is a city with the status of a closed administrative-territorial formation (ZATO) in the Sverdlovsk region of Russia , the administrative center of the urban district "Lesnoy City" .
| City | |||||
| Forest | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
| A country |  Russia | ||||
| Subject of the federation | Sverdlovsk region | ||||
| City district | City Lesnoy | ||||
| The head of administration | Cherepanov Sergey Evgenievich [1] | ||||
| History and Geography | |||||
| Based | June 19, 1947 | ||||
| Former names | before 1954 - Base-9 before 1994 - Sverdlovsk-45 | ||||
| City with | 1954 year | ||||
| Square | |||||
| Center height | 192 m | ||||
| Timezone | UTC + 5 | ||||
| Population | |||||
| Population | ↘ 49,056 [2] people ( 2018 ) | ||||
| Digital identifiers | |||||
| Telephone code | +7 34342 | ||||
| Postal codes | 624200-624205, 624219 | ||||
| OKATO Code | 65542 | ||||
| OKTMO Code | |||||
| gorodlesnoy.ru | |||||
It is located on the eastern slope of the Middle Urals , 210 km (245 km by road) north of Yekaterinburg, on the banks of the Nizhny Turinsky pond, near the town of Nizhnyaya Tura and 2 km from the railway station of the same name.
History
On June 19, 1947, a Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was issued on the creation of plant No. 814 on electromagnetic separation of uranium isotopes (director D. E. Vasiliev , scientific adviser L. A. Artsimovich ) [3] . The factory was also called Base No. 9.
In July 1947, a special government commission approved the proposal for the construction of this plant and the village attached to it northwest of the settlement of Nizhnyaya Tura . The construction was carried out by the forces of the Gulag prisoners. On August 7, 1948, by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the Office of the Forced Labor Camp and Construction No. 1418 of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was created. In some years, the number of prisoners reached 20-30 thousand people.
By the beginning of 1950, a magnet was mounted with a height of about 21 meters and a weight of about 3 thousand tons, with twenty dividing chambers located in the gaps of the core of the electromagnet on five floors [4] . In December 1950, the plant produced its first product - the uranium-235 isotope .
September 15, 1951 by Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 3506-1628ss / op it was planned to change the profile of the enterprise. On its basis, a plant for the serial production of atomic bombs was founded, with a capacity of 60 units per year. The enterprise was named State Union Plant No. 418. A. Ya. Malsky , who previously headed experimental plant No. 2 at KB-11 [5] in Arzamas-16 ( Sarov ), was appointed as the director.
In 1962, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , the plant was awarded the Order of Lenin for successfully fulfilling government tasks for the production of special products.
In 1967, the company was given a new name - Elektrokhimpribor plant. Since January 1976, it was transformed into the Electrokhimpribor combine.
In 1983, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for the creation and development of new technology, the enterprise was awarded the Order of the October Revolution .
In 1954, the village gained the status of a city and became known as Sverdlovsk-45. In 1994, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 3-r was named Lesnoy. In 1996, after the accession of several adjacent villages, it became the center of the municipal unit "Lesnoy City". In 2006 it was renamed into the urban district "Lesnoy City".
On July 3, 2006, at the Electrokhimpribor plant, 13 briquettes of uranium-238 chips were ignited (the so-called depleted uranium) [6] . A few hours later, the fire was eliminated, and a non-disclosure subscription was taken from the liquidators [7] [8] .
Population
As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was at 329 place out of 1,115 [9] cities of the Russian Federation [10] .
| Population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 [11] | 2000 [11] | 2001 [11] | 2002 [12] | 2003 [11] | 2005 [11] | 2006 [11] |
| 54,500 | ↘ 54,400 | ↗ 54 500 | ↘ 53 195 | ↗ 53,200 | ↗ 53,300 | ↘ 53,200 |
| 2007 [11] | 2008 [13] | 2009 [14] | 2010 [15] | 2011 [11] | 2012 [16] | 2013 [17] |
| ↘ 53,000 | ↘ 52 800 | ↘ 52 499 | ↘ 50 363 | ↗ 50 400 | ↘ 50 136 | ↘ 49 684 |
| 2014 [18] | 2015 [19] | 2016 [20] | 2017 [21] | 2018 [2] | ||
| ↘ 49 408 | ↘ 49 338 | ↘ 49 111 | ↗ 49 149 | ↘ 49 056 | ||
Authorities
The work of the representative and executive authorities is carried out on the basis of the charter of the city district. The highest official is the head of the urban district "Forest City". He is elected for a term of 5 years by the Duma of the city district from among the candidates represented by the competition committee. The representative authority is the Duma of the urban district “Lesnoy City”. It consists of 20 deputies elected for 5 years. Since 2010, in accordance with the charter of the city, the head of the city district is the chairman of the Duma. Also, the structure of local self-government includes an executive and administrative authority - the administration of the city district.
Economics
The city-forming enterprise is the Electrokhimpribor combine. The enterprise is diversified, it produces military products, stable isotopes, civilian products, consumer goods, and also implements a number of conversion projects.
Construction is the second most important branch of the city’s economy. Here was located one of the largest construction organizations in the field - the joint venture OJSC Severouralsk Construction Administration , which went bankrupt in 2013 [22] . Intercity and intercity transportation services are provided by Motor Transport Enterprise OJSC. A special place in the city’s economy is occupied by public utilities and public services enterprises: Municipal Unitary Enterprise “Improvement Plant”, MUP “Energoseti”, municipal unitary enterprise “Industrial Housing Repair and Maintenance Enterprise”, Municipal Unitary Enterprise “VAF” and many others.
On the territory of the city there are more than 300 objects of trade and public catering, about 500 small enterprises and institutions of various forms of ownership and activities.
The financial and credit market is served by branches of 7 commercial banks. The main factor restraining the economic development of the city is the lack of free circulation of land (the sale of land is de facto prohibited, it is leased for 49 years). However, in the territories of the city (about 25%) connected in 2006, urban lands have free circulation of lands previously acquired into ownership.
TOP "Forest"
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 12, 2019 No. 131 approved the status of the territory of priority social and economic development - TOSER (TOR) [23] .
Social Sphere
Education
There are 24 preschool institutions, 13 schools, a lyceum, 4 institutions of additional education, a center for the diagnosis and development of children, a children's music school, a children's art school, and a children's choreography school. Vocational education in the city is represented by the Polyprofile College named after O. Tereshkina, Severouralsk Polytechnic and branches of 3 higher educational institutions: Technological Institute - a branch of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI , Ural Institute of Economics, Management and Law, Ural Federal University .
Culture
There are 14 cultural institutions, including the Social and Cultural and Leisure Center "Sovremennik", the Youth Creativity House "Youth", the Central City Library named after P.P. Bazhov , City Children's Library A.P. Gaidara , museum and exhibition complex, park of culture and rest, cultural and health club "Zlatotsvet" and others.
Media
There is a municipal television studio "Spectrum MAI"; the municipal newspaper Vestnik is published, as well as the newspapers Rezonans, Pro Lesnoy, and Lesnoy 24. Also, urban events in Lesnoy are covered by the Open Lesnoy online publication. Broadcasting stations:
- Radio SI - 91.2 FM
- Interra FM - 91.6 FM
- Russian Radio - 101.3 FM
- Autoradio - 103.8 FM
- Europa Plus - 104.9 FM
- Nord FM - 105.3 FM
- “Rich FM” - 106.2 FM
Sport
185 sports facilities are located on the lands of the urban district, including: 1 stadium, 50 gyms, 8 swimming pools (including 1 school and 5 preschool), 1 martial arts school, 1 ski base, 3 facilities for shooting sports (2 shooting ranges and 1 shooting range), 84 planar structures (fields, grounds, courts, sports cores, playgrounds for outdoor games) and 38 other sports facilities (gyms, general physical training, shaping, wrestling, etc.). 38 kinds of sports are cultivated; public federations for 26 kinds of sports work. About 2.2 thousand students study at the city’s youth sports schools. Every year in the urban district, about 290 physical culture and sports events are organized, up to 30 thousand people become participants in them.
Lesnoy trained 10 Olympians, 46 champions of the World, Europe, USSR, Russia.
Health
The main healthcare institution is the Federal State Budgetary Health Institution “Central Health Unit No. 91” of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia , which includes 15 inpatient departments, 4 outpatient clinics, and outpatient clinics. Additional wellness and preventive procedures are presented in the IUSP "Sanatorium" Sun ".
Attractions
According to Forbes , Lesnoy is on the list of ten closed cities of Russia that are worth visiting [24] .
Memorials
- Memorial to the participants of the Great Patriotic War (1967, authored by V. A. Bondarev; reconstructed and supplemented in 2000 and 2009) [25]
- Monument to V. I. Lenin (1987, sculptor A. S. Gilev ) [25]
- Memorial in memory of the inhabitants of Lesnoy who died in local wars (1999, supplemented in 2001. Sculptor A. A. Polevoy, architect O. V. Novikov) [25]
- Monument to Academician L. A. Artsimovich (2015, sculptor K.V. Grunberg)
- Monument to the first builders of the city of Lesnoy (2017, Altos studio)
Monuments
- The building of SKDTS Sovremennik (1957, architect M.V. Brattsev) [25]
- The building of the cinema "Retro" (1958) [25]
Facilities related to the stay of prisoners
- The territory of the former lime factory ( Yolkino , the village of Melnychny) [25]
- Former high-security hut (Yolkino, the village of Melnichny) [25]
- Former penal isolation ward (Quarry-1, territory of k / s No. 12) [25]
- Memorial worship cross at the burial place of prisoners (Gorny settlement, 2004) [25]
Temples
- St. Nicholas Church in the village of Yolkino (1911, consecrated in 1913) [25]
- Church in the name of St. Catherine the Great Martyr in the village of Gorny (consecrated in 2010) [25]
- Temple in the name of the Holy Righteous Simeon of Verkhotursky (consecrated in 2015) [25]
- The Bishop’s Compound in Honor of the Icon of the Mother of God “The Burning Cupid ” (consecrated in 2015)
Natural Monuments
- Yolka limestone cliffs on the Tura River [25]
Notes
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ 1 2 Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018 . Date of treatment July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
- ↑ Chronology of the main events in the history of the nuclear industry of the USSR and Russia (Inaccessible link) . Date of treatment October 1, 2010. Archived October 1, 2010.
- ↑ A. Bedel. Our answer to Truman
- ↑ E. Korchagin. Creation of the nuclear shield of the Fatherland
- ↑ Rosatom: 13 briquettes of uranium shavings Burned out at Elektrokhimpribor (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment September 6, 2009. Archived June 27, 2015.
- ↑ Uranium-238 burned during a fire at the Electrokhimpribor plant
- ↑ Fire at the uranium warehouse of Electrokhimpribor
- ↑ taking into account the cities of Crimea
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2019. Table "21. The population of cities and towns by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2019 ” (RAR archive (1,0 Mb)). Federal State Statistics Service .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 People's Encyclopedia “My City”. Forest
- ↑ 2002 All-Russian Population Census. Tom. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regions, urban settlements, rural settlements - district centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more . Archived February 3, 2012.
- ↑ Administrative and territorial division of the Sverdlovsk region on January 1, 2008 . Date of treatment May 11, 2016. Archived May 11, 2016.
- ↑ The number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and regions as of January 1, 2009 . Date of treatment January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- ↑ 2010 All-Russian Population Census. The number and distribution of the population of the Sverdlovsk region . Date of treatment June 1, 2014. Archived June 1, 2014.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 . Date of treatment May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service of Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. The population of urban districts, municipalities, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) . Date of treatment November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 . Date of treatment August 2, 2014. Archived on August 2, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 . Date of treatment August 6, 2015. Archived on August 6, 2015.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Date of treatment July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- ↑ JV OJSC Severouralsk Construction Administration is declared bankrupt
- ↑ On the creation of the territory of the advanced social and economic development of Lesnoy
- ↑ 10 closed cities of Russia, which are worth visiting
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Karjakina O., Struganov V. Journey through the Forest. Sights of the closed city. - Forest: Association "KarSt", 2013.