Relium ( lat. Restionaceae ) - a family of monocotyledonous grass, distributed mostly in the southern hemisphere . According to the Classification System APG III (2009), the family is part of the order of the hercerebral .
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 Chondropetalum tectorum | |||||||||||||||||
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Restionaceae R.Br. (1810), nom. cons. | |||||||||||||||||
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The total number of genera is more than fifty [2] [3] , the total number of species is about 500. The largest genera are Restio (95 species), Elegia (50 species), Ischyrolepis (48 species) [2] .
Content
Dissemination and ecology
Cartilage is distributed primarily in the extratropical regions of the Southern Hemisphere, with the greatest diversity observed in two areas: South Africa (especially in the Cape region , but also in Madagascar and Malawi ) and in southern Australia , including Tasmania . Family members are also found in New Zealand and on the Chatham Islands . The only species of restia that grows in South America (in Chile and Argentina ) is the Leptocarpus chilensis ( Leptocarpus chilensis ). Several species of restores, including the Leptocarpus severed ( Leptocarpus disjunctus ), are found in the Northern Hemisphere (in Vietnam , Malaysia , on Hainan Island ) [2] [4] .
In the plant communities of South Africa and Australia, members of the family often occupy the same niche that grains and sedges occupy in other regions [4] .
Biological Description
All members of the family are perennial herbaceous plants characterized by rod-shaped stems with absent or very strongly reduced leaves [4] .
The rhizomes of the restoration plants are usually creeping, long; there are almost always rhizomes with leathery, scale-like leaves, at the base of which adventitious roots are formed [4] .
Elevated shoots at the restiev are rigid, cylindrical, rather thin stems, in most species branching only at the base and ending with inflorescences. The height of the stems is usually from 25 to 100 cm; but in some species, the stems reach a height of 200 cm and a thickness of 4 cm (and sometimes even 8 cm). Due to the complete or almost complete reduction of the leaves, the functions of photosynthesis and transpiration are performed by above-ground shoots [4] .
Flowers from members of the family are almost always same-sex, collected in spikelets , which are usually collected in spike-shaped , racemose , paniculate or umbrella-shaped complex inflorescences . Almost all restoration plants are dioecious plants , while the appearance of female and male inflorescences is very different. Female inflorescences are less branched and the number of flowers in them is usually less than in male inflorescences. The perianth is membranous, consists of colorless or almost colorless four or six segments of approximately the same structure, arranged in two circles, while the segments of the inner circle can coalesce with each other. In some species, the perianth in female flowers is completely absent. In male flowers there are either three, or, rarely, two stamens [4] .
In most species, the fruit is a box with two or three seeds , in some species it is a nut - like fruit with one seed. Restiree seeds - with abundant mealy endosperm [4] .
Restiree fruits (from left to right): Thamnochortus insignis , Chondropetalum tectorum , Ischyrolepis subverticillata | ||||||||||
Use
Some South African species of restoration plants are used as garden ornamental plants [4] .
Classification
The crones are close to the Osoke family , differing significantly from them in appearance, but having very similar inflorescences. At the same time, for some of the other attributes, restevies are closer to the family of cereals [4] .
The synonym of the family includes the name Elegiaceae Raf. [2] .
Childbirth
The total number of births is more than fifty (on the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website , there are 58 genera, but the list consists of only 39 genera [5] ; the Germplasm Resources Information Network lists a list of 52 species of the restia, with the indication that it is complete [ 3] ).
Birth List
Below is a list of 53 genera of the Restieva family, as well as several synonyms . The list is based on data from the GRIN site with the addition of the Pseudoloxocarya Linder genus from the APWeb list:
- Acion BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Alexgeorgea Carlquist
- Anthochortus Nees - Antohortus
- Antochortus Nees , orth. var. = Anthochortus Nees
- Apodasmia BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Askidiosperma Steud.
- Calopsis P.Beauv. ex Desv.
- Calorophus Labill.
- Cannomois P.Beauv. ex Desv.
- Catacolea BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Ceratocaryum Nees . A representative of this genus, Ceratocaryum argenteum, is an example of extremely rare mimicry among plants for the propagation of seeds.
- Chaetanthus R.Br.
- Chondropetalum Rottb. - Chondropetalum
- Chordifex BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Coleocarya stblake
- Cytogonidium BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Dapsilanthus BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Dielsia Gilg - Dilcia
- Dovea Kunth
- Elegia L. - Elegy
- Empodisma LASJohnson & DFCutler
- Eurychorda BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Guringalia BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Harperia W.Fitzg. - Harperia
- Hydrophilus hplinder
- Hypodiscus Nees - Hypodiscus
- Hypolaena R.Br. - Hipolena
- Ischyrolepis Steud.
- Kulinia BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Lamprocaulos Mast. = Elegia L.
- Lepidobolus Nees - Lepidobolus
- Leptocarpus R.Br. - Leptocarpus
- Lepyrodia R.Br. - Lepyrodia
- Loxocarya R.Br. - Loksokariya
- Mastersiella Gilg-Ben.
- Meeboldina Suess.
- Megalotheca F.Muell.
- Melanostachya BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Mesanthus Nees = Cannomois P. Beauv . ex Desv.
- Nevillea Esterh. & HPLinder
- Onychosepalum Steud. - Onychosepalum
- Phyllocomos Mast. - Philocomus = Anthochortus Nees
- Platycaulos HPLinder
- Platychorda BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Pseudoloxocarya linder
- Restio Rottb. - Restio
- Rhodocoma nees
- Saropsis BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Sporadanthus F.Muell. - Sporadantus
- Staberoha kunth
- Stenotalis BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Taraxis BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Thamnochortus PJBergius - Tamnohortus
- Tremulina BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Tyrbastes BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Willdenowia Thunb. - Vildenoviya . The genus is named in honor of Karl Ludwig Vildenov (1765-1812), a German botanist, one of the greatest systematists of his time.
- Winifredia LASJohnson & BGBriggs
Childbirths previously referred to restorant
Some genera, which were also formerly referred to as restes, now belong to other families of cereals:
- to the Anarthric family ( Anarthriaceae ) [6] :
- Anarthria R.Br. - Anartria
- Hopkinsia W.Fitzg. - Hopkinsia
- Lyginia R.Br. - Liginia
- to the Ecdeiocoleaceae family [6] :
- Georgeantha BGBriggs & LASJohnson
- Ecdeiocolea F.Muell. - Ekdeyokolekey
Notes
- ↑ On the conditionality of specifying the class of monocotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the “APG Systems” section of the article “Monocotyledons” .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 According to APWeb (see the Links section).
- ↑ 1 2 List of genera of the Restieva family on the GRIN website Archival copy dated November 18, 2004 on the Wayback Machine (Eng. )
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Tsvelev, 1982 .
- ↑ List of Births of the Reztiyeva family on APWeb (Eng.) (Checked May 11, 2010)
- ↑ 1 2 http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnothlist.pl?950 (unavailable link) For a list of genera previously belonging to the Reestie family, on the GRIN website] (Eng. ) (Checked May 11, 2010)
Literature
- Tsvelev N., N. Family Restia (Restionaceae) // Plant Life : 6 t. / Ch. ed. A.L. Tahtajan . - M .: Enlightenment , 1982. - V. 6: Flowering plants / ed. A.L. Tahtajyan. - 543 s. - 300 000 copies
- Christopher R. Hardy, Philip Moline and H. Peter Linder. The Phylogenies for the Large Clades / International Journal of Plant Sciences. - The University of Chicago Press, 2008. - Vol. 169, No. 3. - p. 377–390. - DOI : 10.1086 / 526467 .
Links
- Cashier (English) : information on the site APWeb . (Checked May 10, 2010)
- Cashier : information in the database Flora Base (the Western Australian Flora) (Eng.) (Checked on May 10, 2010)