Large anti-submarine ships of project 1199

Preliminary work on the design of the atomic defense / anti-aircraft defense ship began in 1974 at the Northern Design Bureau under the leadership of chief designer Igor Ivanovich Rubis ; in 1976, this design bureau received an official tactical-technical task (TTZ) for the development of the project under the number 1199. Therefore, the TTZ nuclear-powered ship of the ocean zone was intended to ensure the protection of atomic aircraft carriers of project 11437 and missile cruisers of project 1293 ^[1] and should have nuclear power plant, and its standard displacement should not exceed 12,000 tons. Some time after the start of design work, it was decided to design the nuclear-powered escort ships of projects 1199 and 1293 in one hull (displacement - 14,190 tons, length 210 meters, width 20.8 meters) ^{[2] [3]} .

In 1977, a promising design group headed by Alexander Konstantinovich Shnyrov began its work in the Northern Design Bureau . The group worked on 24 variants of the ship, which differed in the composition of weapons, the amount of protection and the type of power plant. In addition to a fully atomic power plant, lighter mass variants of a combined atomic gas turbine installation with a backup afterburner gas turbine part were developed ^{[4] [5]} .

The first option with a nuclear power plant turned out to be not entirely successful in terms of layout and was an atomic air defense ship armed with three Uragan air defense systems with single-beam launchers, five Dagger combat modules (with one command module), a 130-mm universal paired missile defense and eight anti-ship missiles “Mosquito” and a Ka-27 permanent anti-submarine helicopter. Protection from anti-ship torpedoes of the enemy should have been provided by two rocket launchers " RBU-6000 ". The project was to be equipped with the most modern electronic weapons (from the armament of the Soviet fleet), including a long-range radar with a phased array, a powerful sonar system, a radio-electronic warfare system and a laser rangefinder-sighting device to control the firing of naval artillery ^{[2 ]} .

A gas turbine version of project 11990 was also developed with enhanced air defense systems (Fal), due to a reduction in the mass of the power plant; it was equipped with the Vodopad anti-aircraft missile system and the Moskit anti-ship missile system, and the designers refused from the Kortik anti-aircraft missile defense in favor of the ZAK AK-630 and the dagger anti-aircraft missile systems, as being more effective for providing short-range anti-aircraft missile defense ^[2] .

After the recognition of the inappropriate development of the Project 1293 nuclear missile cruiser, the idea of ​​unifying the ships “according to hulls and power plants” was abandoned, as a result of which the main dimensions of Project 11990 were reduced to 188x19 m, and the displacement was reduced to 10,500 tons. Speed ​​- about 32 knots . The modified project's air defense weapons consisted of 4 Uragan-Tornado air defense systems, 6 Dagger air defense systems and 4 Kortik air defense systems, which had different control systems. Anti-submarine armament was strengthened: in addition to two fixed-base helicopters and RBU-6000 rocket-propelled bombing systems, the ship was equipped with two long-range missile launchers of the Vodopad submarine. In the aft part of the ship, in the area of ​​the Dagger anti-ship missile launcher, there were reserved seats for the newly developed new complex of anti-ship cruise missiles with vertical launch (later Onyx ), but “throughout the development of the project there was a debate about their necessity on this ship ". It was planned in the future to replace the RBU-6000 project with RKPTZ-1 (reactive anti-torpedo defense complex) Udav ^{[2] [3]} .

At the final stage of development (mid-1980s), the designers settled on a combined version of a power plant - with a reserve afterburner gas turbine part. According to A. N. Sokolov ^[2] , the choice as the main option with a combined power plant was not entirely reasonable: “in fact, most of the time the ship had to carry rarely used turbines and fuel just for them. In addition, having received at the same time a large number of anti-ship, anti-aircraft and anti-submarine missile weapons, the project gradually evolved towards a multi-purpose ship, and in fact began to gradually turn into a “beloved” missile cruiser , similar in concept and size to projects 1144, 1165 and 1293 “The path to a full-fledged multi-purpose ship of the USSR Navy was tortuous and thorny, which ultimately destroyed the project itself” ^[2] .

In the late 1980s, it was decided to build the lead ship of project 11990 at the Nikolaev Shipbuilding Plant named after 61 communards and "even components were made for it, including a reserve gas turbine installation" ^[2] . But the start of construction was delayed due to the concentrated efforts of shipbuilders on the construction of the first Soviet atomic aircraft carrier cruiser project 11437 . In 1990, work on the project was stopped ^[5] , and according to unconfirmed data ^[2] its power plants were even going to be put on the Varyag missile cruiser of project 1164 , but subsequently it disappeared without a trace.

• Vasiliev A.M. et al. SPKB. 60 years with the fleet. - SPb. : History of the ship, 2006. - 304 p. - 1,500 copies - ISBN 5-903152-01-5 .
• Sokolov A.N. Alternative. Unbuilt ships of the Russian Imperial and Soviet Fleet. - M .: Military book, 2008 .-- 56 p. - ISBN 978-5-902863-15-1 .

• Large nuclear anti-submarine ship. Project 1199/11990 Anchar
• Photo of the ship in the version with a combined power plant