Star (Perm Territory)

Bershet Military Camp

In 1931, by decision of K. Voroshilov, the People’s Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, permanent summer military camps were created: Elansky, Chebarkulsky and Bershetsky, located 5 km from the exit No. 52 of the Perm railway. Initially, military specialists were trained in three directions in the summer Bershet camp: infantrymen, artillerymen and cavalrymen. The place was not chosen by chance: the Motovilikhinsky factories of the city of Perm supplied guns, and the Perm stud farms supplied horses ...

In 1941, with the beginning of World War II, the need arose to prepare a lot of soldiers in a very short time, and the Bershet camp was not summer, but permanent. They came here to study and go to the front. Now here they trained not only shooters, foot soldiers, artillerymen and cavalrymen, but also signalmen and tankmen. Of these, training marching regiments were formed. In June 1942, several artillery ski teams were being formed at the Bershet military camp to be sent to the front. E. I. Selivanov, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 in the book “The Soldier's Way to the Great Victory. The word of the veteran ”writes:“ It was 1943 - a turning point in the war. In huge Bershet camps, located in the vicinity of several villages, teams were preparing one after another - marching companies to be sent to the front. During the war years, each soldier had a transitional period from civilian life to a real army, but certainly had one thing in common for everyone: before they got to the front, to the front, they ended up in transit military camps, reserve regiments. The most famous military camps were: in the Urals - Chebarkul, on Perm land - Bershet, on the Volga near Gorky - Gorokhovets, near Moscow - Alabino and Nakhabino. Remembering what was in the spare parts is not easy. It would seem that this is only a prelude to the front itself, and yet it is difficult to imagine a heavier situation. ... Life in the spare part is dirt, a greedy look at everything edible, crampedness, lice, curses, theft, venality, penetrating by the wind (the overcoat does not warm enough with meager food), etc. One thing is good - sometimes you can read something or write. Never in my life - neither before nor after - I did not feel hunger so much as in the spare part. It was difficult, of course, to get up either in the morning or in the night in a dark, barely lit dugout, in a hurry to wind the windings on their feet, which at the most inopportune moment would break out of the hands of the elders. You sleep, you still have a good sleep, but now the first command is heard, like a sickle in a soft place: “Rise!”. A habit is being developed: you no longer think of yourself outside these teams. Any delay was fraught with some kind of punishment - an outfit out of turn. On command, it was required to run somewhere, forgetting everything in the world, to run in light clothing in the cold, the wind.

All life in the dugouts was built on the execution of uniform commands. Getting used to such a routine was not easy, some could not stand it and fell into the group of weak; these groups were sparingly under the supervision of a paramedic. Further construction work was not used anywhere. A paramedic treated a soldier for all diseases with the help of green stuff and quinine. Every day the team “Go out to be built!” Became. You get used to her. In the army all the time you need to build: to be in the ranks and do everything on command - this is the duty of a soldier. Building in a day takes a lot of time. It marks the order and discipline ... "

Another veteran of the Great Patriotic War, Grigory Zatserkovny, who now lives in Kaliningrad, recalls the Bershet camp as follows: “1944. In the war, a turning point came, and the country could already afford more thorough training of recruits in training centers for training personnel for the front. There were about ten such camps in the central part of the Union. One of them - Bershetsky - was in the Molotov (Perm) region.

There were no capital buildings in the camp, mainly dugouts. Both cadets and officers lived in them. Serving at the training center was not easy. Cadets were constantly hungry, frozen. Ural frosts that winter reached minus forty. The food in the dining room froze, and the students warmed it in the barracks. The dishes were made from cans that were empty in the kitchen. Each kept a spoon and a mug at home. Now it’s hard to imagine the then-soldier’s norm No. 6: 600 grams of frozen bread, an almost complete absence of cereals, frozen potatoes that had to be soaked first, and then peeled, expired canned food from untouchable reserves. But all this was shared fraternally, considering every crumb of bread. Nobody murmured, they knew: the best is for the front. ”

The war is over. Peaceful weekdays began. But in the Bersheti military camp, soldiers of the Perm garrison and other parts of the military district underwent combined arms training. In 1953, a tank regiment of the Perm Motorized Rifle Division (military unit No. 07621) was located in Bersheti. In the 1950s, the commander of the Ural military district, four times Hero of the Soviet Union Marshal G.K. Zhukov came to Bershet camp.

52nd Missile Division

On June 27, 1961, the 52nd Tarnopol-Berlin Order of the Bohdan Khmelnitsky 2nd Class Order and the Red Star Division (military unit No. 54090) was formed with deployment in the Perm and Kungur districts of the Perm Region on the basis of the 23rd Bogdan Tarnopol-Berlin Artillery Order Khmelnitsky II degree and the Red Star of the division, which began its journey during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Under the strictest secrecy, the construction of roads, a military camp, and rocket mines began in the Bershet military camp. Almost from scratch, as soon as possible there was built a positional area of ​​the missile division. The first combat starting position was commissioned in December 1961.

The first division with R-16 missiles took up combat duty in March 1962. From 1985 to 1990, the 52nd missile division was re-equipped with military railway missile systems ( BZHRK ), and in 2002 the 52nd missile division was disbanded, and on its basis the 1328th Base for storage and transshipment of BZHRK elements was created, which lasted until September 2007.

In total, the division had 80 RS-10 ICBMs and 12 RS-22M ICBMs. Over 40 years, several dozen training launches of strategic missiles were carried out, all of them fell into the intended goals.

The territory of the Star is 9083 hectares, including 520 hectares within the village limits.

Mostly the residents of Zvezdny work in Perm, but getting to the city is not a problem. Every day, MUE “Garage” carries out 23 flights on the route Zvezdny - Perm - Zvezdny. By the number of cars per 1000 inhabitants, the town ranks second in the Perm Territory.

Zvezdniy is a safe city in which street video surveillance is installed, public order is carried out not only by the police unit, but also by a private security company, military patrol. The absence of bars on the windows of the houses, the lowest crime rate among the municipalities of the Perm Territory, the absence of child crime is a vivid confirmation of this.

In 2008, an environmental passport of the territory was developed, which allows us to declare Zvezdny is a city with a favorable environmental situation:

• there are no large industrial enterprises within the boundaries of the settlement, sources of pollution of the atmosphere, soil, surface water and land;
• a large number of parks and greenery;
• the result of the analysis of the chemical composition of the water of artesian wells showed that spring water flows in the taps of the Star;
• efficient management of municipal solid waste - organized separate collection of garbage (in test mode).

Zvezdny is a well-maintained city: all streets and all yards are equipped and lit. complete gasification; Thanks to the use of modern technologies, uninterrupted water and heat supply is provided for all residential buildings and office buildings. Playgrounds for different ages were organized: children's towns with swings, slides and sandboxes; the town with street exercise machines is the only one in the Perm region; courtyards of residential buildings are equipped with small forms - all this speaks of a comfortable and person-centered urban environment.

Zvezdniy - a compact city with dense development provides “step-by-step availability” of all necessary services, starting with trade and service services and ending with educational and medical services.

There are no kindergartens in Zvyozdnoye; all pre-school educational institutions have the status of “Center for the Development of the Child”. The percentage of enrollment of school graduates in universities is consistently high: in 2010 - 84%; the results of a single state exam are higher than regional ones in Russian, mathematics, physics and computer science. MOU Primary comprehensive school in 2009 received the status of Innovation Center of the Perm Territory. The regional project "School Sports Certificate" is being implemented. Highly developed system of additional education for children.

In August 2019, it became known that ZATO Zvezdny could lose its special status in 2020. At the federal level, a decree is being prepared by the President of the Russian Federation on the abolition of ZATO ^[6] .

• Star
• Perm-76 (unopened) (inaccessible link) . Archived December 9, 2010.
• http://www.permkrai.ru/edu/city/stars/