European Scarlet [3] , or European Cercis , or the Judas tree [4] ( lat. Cercis siliquastrum ) - trees or shrubs , a species of the genus Scarlet ( Cercis ) of the Legume family ( Fabaceae ).
| Scarlet European | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 General view of a flowering plant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cercis siliquastrum L. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
- 1 Distribution and ecology
- 2 Biological Description
- 3 Meaning and application
- 4 Classification
- 4.1 Representatives
- 4.2 Taxonomy
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
Distribution and Ecology
The natural range of the species covers the Mediterranean , the Middle (without the African part) and the Middle East , in Russia it grows on the Black Sea coast of Crimea (in the region of Yalta, Alushta) and the North Caucasus (from Gelendzhik to the Adler district of Sochi), as well as in Abkhazia. [5] [6] .
It grows on rocky slopes, usually on lime-containing substrate.
Drought-resistant, photophilous.
It grows slowly, reaches a height of 1-1.5 m in 4-5 years. At 100 years, reaches a height of 12.5 m with a trunk diameter of 50-60 cm and a crown with a diameter of up to 10 m.
Biological Description
Shrub or tree 7-15 m high, with a spherical or tent-like crown , often with a curved trunk , covered with almost black, deep-cracked bark .
The leaves are round, blunt, with a deeply heart-shaped base, 7–13 cm in diameter, petioles up to 4 cm long, dull green above, bluish below, with fan-shaped veins.
Flowers in bunches of 3-6, in the axils of leaves on old branches and even on the trunk. The cup is pink; corolla about 2 cm long, bright pink; lilac-pink petals, sail shorter than wings and boats , strongly narrowed to the base. The stigma is capitate.
Beans 7-10 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, flat, with a very narrow wing along the dorsal suture, with 10-14 seeds. Seeds are round-ovate, smooth, matte, dark brown, 5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 2-2.5 mm thick. Weight of 1 thousand seeds 24–27 g.
It blooms very abundantly in late April - early May, before the leaves bloom. Fruits in September.
From left to right: Leaves. Flowers. Green fruits. Ripe fruit. | ||||||||||
Meaning and Application
Ornamental plant . Cultivated since the 16th century . In Russia in culture since 1813; widespread on the Black Sea coast of Crimea and the Caucasus , where it bears fruit, gives self-seeding and runs wild, as well as in the Caucasus , including on the Absheron peninsula ; in the Rostov region and the steppe regions of the Krasnodar Territory blooms and bears fruit, but freezes to one degree or another.
Wood can be used in carpentry. The kidneys go for cooking hot seasonings [4] .
The flowers are odorless, but give a good bribe to bees, it is especially effective during flowering, when its entire crown is covered with purple-pink flowers.
Classification
Representatives
Within the species, a number of subspecies are distinguished [7] :
- Cercis siliquastrum subsp. siliquastrum
- Cercis siliquastrum subsp. hebecarpa ( Bornm. ) Yalt.
Taxonomy
European Cercis species belongs to the genus Cercis ( Cercis ) tribe Scarlet ( Cercideae ) of the Caesalpinioideae subfamily of the family Leguminous ( Fabaceae ) of the order Leguminous ( Fabales ).
| 3 more families (according to APG II System ) | 3 more tribes (according to APG II System ) | 5 to 9 more species | ||||||||||||||||||
| beanaceous order | subfamily Cesalpinium | clan Cercis | ||||||||||||||||||
| Department of Flowering, or Angiosperms | Bean family | tribe Bagryanikovs | view Tsercis European | |||||||||||||||||
| 44 more order flowering plants (according to APG II System ) | 2 more subfamilies (according to APG II System ) | 5 more births | ||||||||||||||||||
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Cercis siliquastrum . The Plant List. Date of treatment January 25, 2014.
- ↑ Russian name of the taxon - according to the following edition:
- Schroeter A.I. , Panasyuk V.A. Dictionary of Plant Names = Dictionary of Plant Names / Int. union biol. Sciences, Nat. Biologists of Russia, Vseros. instit lek. and aromatic. plants Ros. agricultural farm. academies; Ed. prof. V.A. Bykova. - Koenigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, 1999 .-- S. 173. - 1033 p. - ISBN 3-87429-398-X .
- ↑ 1 2 See section “Literature” - TSB
- ↑ According to the book “Trees and Shrubs of the USSR” (see section Literature ).
- ↑ According to the GRIN website (see plant card).
- ↑ According to the EOL website (see plant card).
Literature
- Palibin I.V. Genus 772. Tsercis - Cercis L. // Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / chap. ed. V.L. Komarov . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1945. - T. 11 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin . - S. 16. - 432 p. - 4000 copies.
- Pidotti O. A. Genus 4. Tsercis - Cercis L. // Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov . - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1958. - T. IV. Angiosperms. Legumes - Pomegranates. - S. 42. - 976 p. - 2500 copies.
- Judah tree . Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia 1969-1978. Date of appeal March 15, 2015.