Moren, Arthur-Jules ( fr. Arthur-Jules Morin ) ( October 19, 1795 , Paris - February 7, 1880 , Paris ) - French engineer and mechanic , member of the Paris Academy of Sciences ( 1843 ), its president 1864 g .; one of the scientists who laid the scientific foundations of practical mechanics. President of the Society of Civil Engineers of France (since 1862) [1] .
| Arthur Jules Moren | |
|---|---|
| Arthur-jules morin | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | October 19, 1795 |
| Place of Birth | Paris , France |
| Date of death | February 7, 1880 (84 years old) |
| Place of death | Paris , France |
| A country | France |
| Scientific field | Mechanics |
| Place of work | Polytechnic School |
| Alma mater | Polytechnic School |
| Awards and prizes | |
Biography
Born October 19, 1795 in Paris . In 1813 he entered the Polytechnic School , which he graduated in 1817, after which he became a teacher at the Applied School in Metz . Since 1829 - professor at the Polytechnic School , since 1840 he worked at the Paris Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (since 1852 - its director). At the same time he was in the service of the engineer troops, since 1855 - a division general [1] .
In 1843, Morin was elected a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences for a place that remained vacant after the death of G. Coriolis . In 1850, he was made a member of the organizing committee for the construction of the Agronomical Institute, and in 1852 - director of the Conservatory of Arts and Crafts. In 1850 he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences .
The author of a course in applied mechanics (vols. 1-3, 1850) [1] .
The name Morena is listed on France’s greatest scholars on the first floor of the Eiffel Tower .
Scientific activity
Moren's works are devoted to experimental methods in mechanics, external ballistics , ballistic pendulum theory, hydraulics , and applied mechanics [1] .
In the years 1831-1835. Morin performed a series of experimental studies of friction [1] and the determination of the force required to drive carts and crews along roads. In Moren’s experiments to determine the resistance experienced by the roller when rolling along the horizontal plane, data were obtained that confirmed the validity of the Coulomb formula for the rolling friction force (according to which this force is inversely proportional to the radius of the roller ) In this regard, in 1839-1841. a rather sharp discussion [2] developed between Moren and J. Dupuis , who proposed a formula according to which the rolling friction force is inversely proportional [3] .
The experimental data obtained by Moren on the collisions of rough bodies allowed E.J. Routh to formulate [4] the statement that the ratio of the tangent and normal components of the shock pulse coincides with the friction coefficient (now this position is known [5] as the Routh hypothesis ).
He was also engaged in the study of rope rigidity. Among Morin’s most famous inventions is his dynamometer for determining traction and a projectile for investigating the rate of fall of bodies in which a falling body draws a parabola.
Morena's most famous works
- "Nouvelles expériences sur le frottement" (1833)
- "Notice sur divers appareils dynamométriques" (1836)
- “Expériences sur les roues hydrauliques à augets” (1836)
- "Nouvelles expériences sur l'adhérence des briques et des pierres posées eu bain de mortier"
- “Sur le frottement des axes de rotation, la variation de tension des courroies ou cordes sans fin employées à la transmission du mouvement etc.”
- "Mémoire sur les pendules balistiques"
- “Expériences sur le tirage des voitures” (1840)
- "Mémoire sur la résistance de l'air"
- Morin AJ Leçons de mécanique pratique. Résistance des matériaux. - Paris: L. Hachette, 1853. - 456 p.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Bogolyubov, 1983 , p. 335.
- ↑ Silin, 1976 , p. 39.
- ↑ Ishlinsky, 1985 , p. 272.
- ↑ Routh, vol. I, 1983 , p. 164.
- ↑ Zhuravlev, Fufaev, 1993 , p. 74-75.
Literature
- Bogolyubov A.N. Mathematics. The mechanics. Biographical reference. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1983 .-- 639 p.
- Zhuravlev V.F. , Fufaev N.A. Mechanics of systems with non-holding connections. - M .: Nauka, 1993 .-- 240 p. - ISBN 5-02-006784-9 . .
- Ishlinsky A. Yu. Mechanics: ideas, tasks, applications. - M .: Nauka, 1985 .-- 624 p.
- Raus E. J. Dynamics of a system of solids. T. I. - M .: Nauka, 1983 .-- 464 p.
- Silin A.A. Friction and its role in the development of technology. - M .: Nauka, 1976 .-- 176 p.
- Moren, Arthur-Jules // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.