List of figure skating terms in alphabetical order. For receptions, their English names are given.
# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
#
- 4CC - Championship of the four continents in figure skating .
- 6.0 - see Six-point grading system .
A — Z
- CD - Compulsory dance . See Mandatory Dance .
- FD - Free dance . See Free Dance .
- FS - Free skating . See Free program .
- GOE - Grade of Execution . The score for the execution of an element is from −3 to +3. For example, in a flip, separation from the wrong edge gives an estimate of −2 to −3. For complex elements, even an unsuccessful (GOE −3) performance is highly appreciated, for the simplest, a bonus for GOE +3 can give no less points than the base estimate.
- ISU - International Skating Union . See International Skating Union .
- LFI , RBO , etc. - The standard English record of arcs of figure skating. Skate ( L eft - left, R ight - right), direction of movement ( F orward - forward, B ackwards - back), ridge rib ( I nside - internal, O utside - external). There are several Russian notations, but because of the complexity, not one of them has taken root. [1] [2]
- LP - Long program . See Free program .
- OD - Original dance . See Original Dance .
- PB - Personal best , personal skater record.
- PD - Pattern Dance . See Mandatory Dance .
- SB - Season best , personal skater record for the season.
- SD - Short dance . See Short Dance .
- SOV - Scale of Value , the base cost of the item in the table.
- SP - Short program . See Short Program .
A
- Axel ( axel jump ) - one of the six standard jumps of figure skating; edge jump, the only one performed when moving forward. Named after the Norwegian skater Axel Paulsen .
- Arabesque ( arabesque ) - the same as a swallow .
B
- Butterfly ( Eng. Butterfly ) - 1. Non-rotational jump, in which the body is parallel to the ice, and the legs make a high arc. 2. An error in a multi-turn jump when the athlete could not resist in the group; as a result, he prematurely “opens up” and a single jump is obtained.
- Bauer, Ina Bauer ( Eng. Ina Bauer ) - a slip in which the skates are parallel: one is directed forward, the second is back. Named after the German skater Ina Bauer .
- Running step is the simplest step used to set speed forward in a turn. There is also a “back” version of the running step, used not for acceleration, but as a decorative step. An English crossover refers to a running step forward and a backward sweep.
- A Bedouin jump is the same as a butterfly.
- Besti ( English Besti squat ) - “ boat ” with the support of a partner with a strong deflection in the knees. Named after the Soviet figure skater Natalya Bestemyanova .
- Bilman ( born Biellmann spin ) - the figure skater's position (and rotation in this position), when the free leg is raised above the head and is held by the horse with his hands. It is performed by the majority of women; few men are available from men. Named after the Swiss figure skater Denise Bilmann .
- Board - the fence of the rink.
In
- Walley jump is a non-standard rotational edge jump performed by the “left” skater from the inner edge of the right foot to the outer edge of the right. Something between a sheepskin coat and a rittberger. Named after the American skater Nate Wally .
- Waltz position (also closed position) - in pair skating, the location of the partners facing each other, one rolls forward, the other back.
- Waltz three ( waltz three ) - a combination of "(LFO) → three outward (LBI) → undercut (RBO)". One of the simplest combinations of steps, leading the exercise to the loose-leaf .
- Adult amateurs - skaters aged 16 years or more, not participating in ice shows and rating competitions. Competitions of adult amateurs focus on accuracy of execution and beauty of sliding, but not on complex elements; the turnover of jumps is limited. Singles / couples perform one shortened program, dancers perform two dances (compulsory and free).
- Screw ( upright spin , scratch spin ) - rotation standing.
- Spinning top ( sit spin , duck spin ) - rotation in the pose “pistol”.
- Ejection ( throw ) - in pair skating element, when the partner pushes the partner, she spins in the air and lands on the ice on her own.
- Hook ( counter ) - U-turn on one leg without changing ribs; the entry is “bracketed” and the exit is “troika”.
G
- Hydro-spiral ( hydroblading ) - sliding in a circle on the steep edge of one ridge, the body is almost parallel to the ice, one of the hands touches the ice in the center of the circle (looks like " todes alone").
D
- Dupel ( colloquial ) - double axel.
- Double jump ( double jump ) - a jump with a rotation of two turns (2.5 for axel).
- Jackson or Jackson ( Jackson ) - a combination of steps “(LFO) → closed fly (RBO) → cross step (LBI) → open fly (RFI)”.
- A step sequence is a combination of steps and turns performed to the beat of the music.
- Arc ( lobe ) - glide on the edge of one ridge. Unlike a spiral - prolonged gliding on one skate in a beautiful pose - the arc is not an independent element.
Ё
- Christmas tree is the same as the main step .
G
- Bench press (also “support of 4 groups”) - in pair skating support of the “hand in hand” type, when the partner raises the partner by force.
And
- ISU is the same as the International Skating Union .
3
- Slope ( layback spin ) - an element adapted for female plastic; rotation with a curved body and a head thrown back.
- Closed position - 1) A position in which a free leg is ahead in movement. In elements, openness / closure is determined by the position at the output . 2) In pair skating - the same as the waltz position .
- Mirror pair - a sports pair in which one of the partners is “left”, the second “right”; they execute synchronous elements in mirror image.
- Snake ( wiggle ) - one of the simplest exercises for the development of sliding on the outer edge; the student rides on two parallel skates, moving them left and right. In a more complex version - a leading exercise to the constriction , a similar movement on one leg.
- A tooth - teeth on the toe of a ridge, used in some elements (jumps, serrated steps, "compasses", todes ...).
- “Dental gnashing” is a mistake when a student, who has risen on figure skates, for example, from hockey, touches the ice with a tooth.
- Jagged Jumps are jumps performed from the free leg. To push off, the skater abuts with a prong of a free skate on ice. From the standard ones - sheepskin coat, flip, lutz.
To
- Cantilever ( Klimkin’s boat, cantilever ) - a kind of “boat”, when the pelvis is above the skates, and the body is laid horizontally.
- Karasik ( fish ) - riding on two skates, set one after another in the same line.
- Cascade ( jump combination ) - several jumps following each other, without intermediate steps or rearrangements.
- Kaufman - ejection axel.
- A swinging wing ( illusion spin , windmill spin ) - a variant of the wing when the body and free leg rotate in an inclined plane, swinging back and forth in time with the rotation. It is considered a rotation in a non-basic position.
- Quad (quad, colloquial) - a quadruple jump.
- Kilian ( kilian ) - 1) one of the obligatory dances; 2) position in pair skating, when both partners are looking in the same direction, the lady is in front of the gentleman.
- Team competitions - competitions designed to determine whose school is stronger. Two programs are performed in four main disciplines (men, women, couples, dancers). A place in each of the eight programs translates into points; the team with the most points wins.
- Combination of rotations, combined rotation ( combination spin ) - rotation with the change of position (standing / sitting / layel) and supporting leg.
- The combination of jumps ( jump sequence ) - several jumps, separated by connecting elements (not steps). Also, as an exception, an axel after any standard one, for example, a sheepskin axel, is considered a combination. It is considered one jumping element, two best jumps with a coefficient of 0.8 are counted.
- Ship ( spread eagle ) - glide on two skates, put heels to each other.
- The short program is the first of two disciplines of single and double (sports) skating; lasts until 2:50 and requires the fulfillment of certain mandatory elements.
- Short dance is the first of two disciplines of dance skating; lasts 2:50 and combines a compulsory dance series with a creative interpretation. From the 2010-2011 season, he replaced the obligatory and original dances.
- Crocodile - pair rotation, oncoming Liebel.
- Crossbilman is the same as a cross bilman .
- Crossroll is a dance step when the skater riding on the outer rib crosses the free leg with the supporting leg and rides on the outer rib of the other leg. At the same time - an exercise to ride on the outer rib.
- A steep rib ( deep edge ) is about a ridge tilted at an acute angle to the ice.
- Hook ( rocker ) - U-turn on one leg without changing ribs; the input is “three” and the output is “brace”.
- Kerrigan ( Kerrigan ) - a spiral in the pose of "swallows", the free leg is held by the same hand by the knee. The reception is named after the American skater Nancy Carrigan .
L
- Lasso (also “support of the 5th group”) - in pair skating support type “hand in hand”, when the partner is circled around the body of the partner. The most difficult of the supports. Named for its resemblance to the actions of a cowboy swinging a lasso .
- Swallow ( arabesque ) - a spiral in which the body is horizontal and the free leg is laid back.
- The left skater is a skater who is more comfortable performing counterclockwise rotations, of which most.
- A lying spiral ( inverted spiral ) is an analogue of the “swallow” when the body is positioned horizontally with its back down.
- Libela ( camel spin ) - rotation in the "swallow" position.
- Lip ( lip ) - an error when performing a flip, when the skate unintentionally falls on the outer edge (the jump turns into lutz).
- Lutz jump - one of six standard jumps; a tooth jump performed (by the left skater) from the outer edge of the left ridge. Named after the Austrian skater Alois Lutz .
M
- The International Union of Skaters is an international organization that manages speed skating, short track and figure skating.
- Trace ( rare ) - a technique that is not a separate element. For example, a step.
- Mohawk ( mohawk turn ) - a step with a change of leg and front. The easiest way to change the front of the movement.
H
- Undercut ( cheat, underrotation ) - an error when performing multi-turn jumps, when the athlete does not do the required number of revolutions in the air, dodging after landing. Undercooling up to 90 ° is considered the norm and is not fined; up to 180 ° - gives 70% of the cost of the jump, a larger one - is estimated as a jump step less.
- The new refereeing system - a system for evaluating performances in figure skating, which appeared in 2004 . Performance is estimated as the sum of points for the implementation of the elements, plus ratings for the overall impression of the program, plus prize / penalty points.
About
- The deceptive step is the combination of “(LFO) → three out (LBI) → lunge (RBO) → lunge (LBI) → undercut (RBI) → open fly (LFO)”.
- Mandatory figures are an outdated figure skating discipline when athletes traced standard figures with skates.
- Mandatory dance ( compulsory dance , pattern dance ) is an obsolete discipline of dance skating. For each season, the ISU indicates three standard dances, of which the organizing committee of the competition chooses one toss.
- Single jump ( single jump ) - a jump with a rotation of one revolution (1.5 turns for the axel).
- Single figure skating is a type of figure skating in which an athlete performs alone. It happens male and female.
- Oiler ( half loop, Euler jump ) - non-standard jump; one-turn jump with approach, like a rittberger, and landing on the fly leg. It is used as an intermediate between any standard and salch / flip . Immediately after the introduction of the new judging system, cascades with an oiler were considered combinations, which led to a decrease in the popularity of this element. Since 2010, the link “jump-oiler-salchow / flip” has been considered the cascade that revived this jump. In cascades, the oiler receives the cost of a single rittberger.
- Support leg - in the "one-legged" elements that leg on which the skater rides.
- Original dance is an obsolete dance practice. ISU sets the rhythm of the dance; Athletes are free to choose music and program.
- The basic step is the usual herringbone step used to move straight. Pretty ugly, so in figure skating it is used only to put the student on skates.
- Open position - 1) A position in which the free leg is behind in movement. In elements, openness / closure is determined by the position at the output . 2) In pair skating - the same as the foxtrot position .
P
- Parallel rotation is the same as synchronous rotation .
- Parallel jump - pair skating technique, when both partners simultaneously make the same jump.
- Pair rotation - a pair of skating technique, when both partners rotate as a whole.
- Figure skating is a kind of figure skating in which pairs of men and women participate.
- Flip-flop ( waltz jump ) - a simple but beautiful jump, an axel in half a turn. It is applied as a connecting element.
- Cross bielmann is a skater's pose when a free leg raised behind his back is held by the other hand.
- Dash : 1) Running with the simplest steps from one element to another. 2) The common name for a hook.
- Hauling ( serpentine , edge pull ) - transshipment of the ridge to another rib; the trace is obtained in the form of a "snake". The constriction allows you to gain speed (although not as efficiently as with a hook or running step).
- Loop - 1) A rather complicated maneuver when a skater on one leg rides along a self-intersecting trajectory without changing either an edge or a front; 2) the same as a rittberger .
- Pistol ( duck ) - position in the squat on one leg, the second elongated.
- Support ( lift ) - the technique of pair skating, when the partner raises the partner, holds in this position and puts on ice. Any acrobatic stunts in support are prohibited. In sports skating, support should be above the shoulders, in dance - on the contrary, support above the shoulders is prohibited.
- Twist lift - a pair of skating technique when a partner throws her partner into the air and catches.
- Crossover is a simple step used to set speed back in a corner.
- Hop - hop no more than half a turn.
- Half-bielmann ( half bielmann ) - a spiral with holding the free leg with the same hand.
- Rule Zayyak - the rule when a triple jump cannot be performed three times; if twice - at least once in a cascade or combination.
- Right skater - a skater who is more convenient to perform clockwise rotation. There are about 15% of such athletes.
- Free program - the second part of the competition in singles and doubles (sports) skating; lasts 4:30 for men and couples, 4:00 for women. Unlike a short program, the number of executable elements is only limited from above.
- Free skating is the usual single and double skating, as opposed to mandatory figures, dances, synchronized.
- Free dance is the last of the two disciplines of dance skating. The rules require skaters to only perform a certain set of elements - the rhythm, music and program are left to their discretion. It lasts 4 minutes in adults, 3:30 in juniors.
- A professional is a skater who receives money from prohibited ISU sources. Cannot participate in ISU competitions.
- Jumping - the rules of figure skating as “jumps" are considered to be exclusively multi-turn jumps: six standard ( salchow , rittberger , axel , sheepskin coat , flip , lutz ) and a few other non-standard ones ( valley , oiler ).
- Jump element - jump, cascade or combination of jumps.
P
- Shooting ( shotgun spin ) - rotation with the free leg set forward.
- An edge is one of the two pointed edges of the ridge. One rib is called internal, the second - external.
- Ribbing - in some elements, compliance (or non-compliance) with the requirement on which ridge to glide. See also Spiral , Todes , Flutz , Lip .
- Ribs jumping - jumping from a support leg. Of the standard ones, they will be axel, rittberger and salchow. Despite the fact that modern technology prescribes to execute them with a prong, there is always a deep trace in front of the “bite” - an arc combined with a jolt.
- Rittberger ( loop jump ) - one of six standard jumps; rib jump performed (by the left skater) from the outer edge of the right skate. Rotation is achieved by turning the body and swing the left foot up and down. Suitable for the role of the second jump in the cascade. Named after the German skater Werner Rittberger .
- Rittberger triple - a combination of “(RBO) → triple (RFI) → closed fly (LBI) → change of foot (RBI)”, which leads the exercise to the rittberger.
C
- A somersault is a jump with rotation over the head. In competitive skating is prohibited. In English: somersault for the front backflip, backflip for the back.
- Salchow ( Salchow jump ) - one of six standard jumps; rib jump performed (by the left skater) from the inner edge of the left ridge. The rotation is achieved by swinging the right foot forward and down. Named after the Swedish skater Ulrich Salchow .
- The free leg - in the “one-legged” elements, that leg that is raised.
- Connecting elements - elements connecting complex tricks into a complete program. For connecting elements put a separate assessment, sometimes - for the "creative" call on the element can raise his GOE.
- Double jump - perform a double jump instead of a triple jump.
- Synchronized rotation - in pair skating, the rotation of both partners synchronously and independently of each other.
- Synchronized figure skating - a kind of figure skating; on ice stands a team of 8-20 people.
- Bracket ( bracket turn ) - a relatively complex turn on one leg with a change of ribs. It is called so because the trace drawn by the ridge resembles a brace .
- A dog is the same as a fan .
- Joint rotation is the same as pair rotation .
- Special figures - in figure skating of the late XIX - early XX century, a demonstration of what a skater is capable of (he could draw beautiful figures or perform difficult tricks ). Subsequently converted to an arbitrary program.
- A spiral is a long ride on one skate on a clearly defined rib, while the second leg is raised. A mandatory element of women and pairs skating, men are rarely performed.
- A sports couple is a pair in the pair-skating discipline, as opposed to a dance couple.
- The ISU Judicial System is the same as the New Judicial System .
- The judiciary is the long side of the rink, near which the judges are located. Programs (especially paired) are arranged according to the location of the judges to show the strengths of the skater / pair and hide the weaknesses.
T
- Dancing on ice ( ice dancing ) - one of the disciplines of figure skating, based on complex steps and spins. In dancing, a couple of men and women perform; supports above shoulders, jumping and other "acrobatic" elements are prohibited.
- Twizzle - rotation in motion.
- The technical specialist is a member of the panel of judges fixing the name and complexity of the element.
- Todes ( death spiral ) is an element of pair skating when a partner performs a compass, holding the partner’s hand, which describes the circles around him, bending the body parallel to the ice.
- Trixel ( colloquial ) - triple axel.
- Three ( three turn ) - a turn on one leg with a change of ribs. It is named because the skate draws the number “3” on ice.
- Triple jump ( triple jump ) - a jump with a rotation of three turns (3.5 for the axel ).
- A toe loop jump is one of six standard jumps; tooth jump performed (when turning to the left) from the outer edge of the right ridge. Often used as a second jump in a cascade.
U
- The corner of tears and kisses ( kiss and cry ) is the place where the skater awaits the judges' assessment.
- Element difficulty level - according to special criteria, the technical team assigns the element to level B (basic), 1, 2, 3 or 4, and the base score ( SOV ) is determined from the table. For example: a track of steps of level 4 should contain a variety of steps and turns, performed in different directions and combined with turns of the body, and quick changes in the direction of rotation.
F
- Feature , chip - see. Dash .
- A checkmark ( Y spiral ) is a spiral in which one leg is lifted up into the transverse twine and held in this position by the same hand.
- Flip ( flip jump ) - one of six standard jumps; a tooth jump performed (by the left skater) from the inner edge of the left ridge.
- Flutz ( flutz ) - an error in the performance of the lutz, when the skate inadvertently falls on the inner edge; the jump turns into a flip.
- Foxtrot position (also an open position) - in pair skating, a position when partners are side by side and glide on the same front.
- Flashlights ( swizzles ) - one of the simplest exercises for learning how to ride backwards; the student moves, spreading his legs apart and bringing them together.
- Front - the direction of movement (forward or backward).
- Fan ( fan spiral ) - a spiral in which the free leg is lifted vertically upward, the body deviates into the center of the circle.
C
- Zac ( Walley jump ) - the same as the Valley .
- Heron is one of the simplest exercises for riding on one leg.
- Centering - the ability (or inability) of the skater to rotate in one place, without “moving” to the side.
- Compass ( pivot ) - a position when an athlete rests on ice with the prong of one skate, and describes the circles with the second skate.
H
- Championship of the Four Continents - the combined championship of Asia, Africa, America and Oceania (the rest of the world, except Europe).
- Feature In some elements (rotations, supports, todes, twists), the technical team determines by formal criteria: does the rotation require more force or flexibility than the standard version? Was there a difficult call? The more such features the technical team counts, the higher the level of the element.
- Fourth jump ( quadruple jump ) - a jump with a rotation of four turns (4.5 turns for the axel).
- Covers : 1) Plastic covers that protect the skate when going on ice. 2) Cloth / knitted covers, pulled on the skate shoe as an addition to the suit, as well as for insulation.
- Pure execution - execution of an element or program without errors that could lead to the subtraction of points (undershot, landing on two legs, touching ice with a hand, inappropriate use of a ridge tooth, falling ...).
- Chinyang [3] ( flying sit spin ) - jump into a spinning top forward.
- Choktau ( choctaw turn ) - a step with a change of leg, rib and direction. Due to the complexity it is used mainly in dance.
Прав
- Step - any movement leading to a change of the supporting leg, supporting rib and / or front of movement.
- Charlotte spiral - a spiral in which the free leg is lifted vertically upward, and the body is tilted down to the supporting leg. The reception is named after the German figure skater Charlotte Olschlagel .
- Chasse is a dance step with one foot repulsion. It has three varieties: simple ( simple chasse ), crossed ( crossed chasse ) and sliding ( slide chasse ).
- A chaise longue is the same as a lying spiral .
- The six-point system is a system for evaluating the performances of skaters, in which each of the judges gives ratings from 0.0 to 6.0 points. It was used from 1901 to 2004 .
- School is the same as compulsory figures .