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Midway games

Midway Games Inc. (officially Midway Manufacturing ; commonly known as Midway ) is a former American game developer and publisher. The company's most prominent franchises include Mortal Kombat , , Spy Hunter , , , and . Midway also acquired rights to computer games that were originally developed by and Atari Games , such as Defender , Joust , Robotron: 2084 , Gauntlet, and the game series.

Midway Games Inc.
Midway Games.png
Type ofPublic company
Base1958
1988 (re-registered)
AbolishedOctober 2, 2009 (liquidation)
Reason for AbolitionBankruptcy
SuccessorNetherRealm Studios
Former namesMidway manufacturing
FoundersGurney Ross
Marchin Walverton
LocationChicago , USA
Industrygaming industry
Productscomputer games
Operating profit-191.0 million dollars ( FY08 )
Net profit$ 219.6 million ( FY08 )
Number of employees540 [1] (February 2009)
Websitewww.midwaygames.com (archived)

Midway Manufacturing, the company's predecessor, was founded in 1958 as a manufacturer of entertainment equipment. In 1973, the company switched to the manufacture of equipment for the interactive entertainment industry, developing and publishing computer arcade games. The first really big success of the company was the publication in the USA of the game Space Invaders in 1978. Midway was acquired and re-registered in 1988 by WMS Industries. As a long-standing leader in the arcade games segment, in 1996 Midway decided to enter the growing market for home computer games. In the same year, the company made an initial public offering . In 1998, WMS Industries sold its Midway shares. In 2000, the company finished the fourth of the largest publishers of computer games [2] .

After the year 2000, Midway continued to develop and publish computer games for home and portable gaming systems, but faced significant annual losses and was interested in a number of debt and equity offers, as well as other financing and borrowing mechanisms. Sumner Redstone, head of Viacom and CBS Corporation , increased his stake in Midway from approximately 15% in 1998 to approximately 87% by the end of 2007 [3] . In December 2008, Redstone sold all of its stake and claim on Midway debt in the amount of $ 70 million for 100 thousand to private investor Mark Thomas ( Eng. Mark Thomas ) [4] .

In 2009, Midway filed for bankruptcy in Delaware. [5] Warner bros bought the majority of the company's assets, including the Mortal Kombat series , and Midway itself reached a debt cancellation agreement with Mark Thomas [6] [7] . The US Federal District Court in Chicago dismissed a lawsuit against former company executives alleging that the shareholders were misled by the company's management, which sold its own shares in the company [8] . In 2010, the bankruptcy court rejected the claims against Redstone filed in connection with the sale of the company to Thomas, and approved a plan to eliminate Midway [9] . Shares of Midway were removed from public offering in June 2010 [10] .

Content

  • 1 Historical background
    • 1.1 Arcade games
    • 1.2 Independence and the transition to home games
    • 1.3 Second half of the 2000s and bankruptcy
    • 1.4 Sale of assets in 2009
    • 1.5 Litigation and liquidation
  • 2 Divisions and subsidiaries
    • 2.1 Publishing and distribution
      • 2.1.1 Sold
      • 2.1.2 Abolished
    • 2.2 Development
      • 2.2.1 Sold
      • 2.2.2 Abolished
  • 3 Arcade projects
    • 3.1 Video Games
    • 3.2 Pinball
  • 4 Selective console and PC games
  • 5 notes
  • 6 References

Historical background

Arcade Games

Midway Mfg. Co. was founded by Gurney Ross ( born Henry Ross ) and Marcin Wolverton ( born Marcine Wolverton ) in 1958 as an independent manufacturer of equipment for entertainment [11] [12] . In 1969, the company was acquired by Bally Manufacturing [11] . At that time, Bally was a leading manufacturer of slot machines [13] . After years of producing mechanical arcade games like a bowling alley or Western-style shooting galleries, in 1973, Midway became one of the first manufacturers of computer arcade games . During the 1970s, the company worked closely with the Japanese computer game publisher Taito , which included licensing partner games and distributing them in their own countries. Midway entered the consumer market in 1978 with the release of the Bally Home Library Computer , subsequently renamed Bally Astrocade. This computer was the only home system developed by the company, its production was discontinued in 1985 [13] .

However, the first major success came to Midway in 1978 as a result of the distribution in the United States of the licensed Taito game Space Invaders [13] . Success was developed after the 1980 release of Pac-Man licensed from Namco in the United States and its illegally released sequel , Ms. Pac-Man , in 1981 [14] [15] . In 1982, Bally merged its pinball division with Midway to form the Bally / Midway Manufacturing Division. The following year, three games were published, among which Satan's Hollow was the first to be released under the new Bally / Midway brand. From the late 1970s to the late 1980s, Midway remained one of the leading manufacturers of computer games in the United States.

The Bally / Midway division was acquired in 1988 from Bally by Williams Electronics Games through its holding company WMS Industries Inc. After that, Midway moved its headquarters from Franklin Park in Illinois to the headquarters of Williams, then located in Chicago , and Midway itself re-corporated WMS under Delaware corporate law [1] . Despite the fact that WMS retained many of the employees who originally worked for Midway, it managed to retain only two R&D workers who participated in the development of Rampage , these are Brian Colin ( Eng. Brian Colin ) and Jeff Noman ( Eng. Jeff Nauman ). WMS also acquired the rights to use the Bally brand to issue pinballs, as Bally completely abandoned the arcade and pinball industry, focusing on the production of casino and slot machine equipment.

Owned by WMS, initially Midway continued to produce arcade games under the Bally / Midway brand, with pinballs being produced under the Bally brand. However, in 1991, Midway actually absorbed the Williams computer games department and resumed production of arcade games under its own brand without mentioning Bally. In 1992, The Addams Family pinball machine was recognized as the best-selling pinball machine of all time. [13] In 1996, WMS acquired Time-Warner Interactive, including Atari Games, previously part of the huge Atari Corporation. Also in 1996, Midway, entering the home consoles market, changed its original name Midway Manufacturing to Midway Games Inc. The company's existing arcade department was renamed Midway Amusement Games, and the newly created home games department was named Midway Home Entertainment.

Independence and the transition to home games

In 1996, WMS made a public offer to redeem Midway shares and, at the same time, transferred Midway copyrights and trademark rights, including games Defender , Robotron: 2084 and Joust [13] . In 1998, WMS transferred its 86.8% stake in Midway to its own shareholders, making Midway independent for the first time in nearly 30 years [16] . During this operation, Midway retained ownership of its Atari Games division. Over the next few years, Midway retained WMS management staff, or it worked to combine; companies also used common buildings during this period. During this period, Midway gradually terminated all material agreements with WMS, got rid of personnel combining work for both companies, and also reduced the number of members of the board of directors, while the number of persons holding positions in both companies decreased to one.

In 1999, Midway decided to discontinue the production of pinball machines (earlier, in 1996, the company transferred all pinball related assets to WMS in exchange for WMS assets related to computer games) to focus on computer games. In 2000, in order to avoid possible mistakes, Midway renamed its Atari Games division to Midway Games West, since Atari , then a division of Hasbro Interactive, existed on the market. In 2001, Midway closed its arcade games division due to financial losses. In February 2003, Midway closes the Midway Games West division, ending the story of the last fragment of the original Atari . Midway showed an annual loss ratio after 2000, and in 2003, the growth rate of losses increased, the company lost $ 115 million against sales of 93 million [17] . Despite the losses, the company was able to provide financing for its business through equity and debt offers, as well as various loan arrangements. In 2003, Sumner Redstone, the owner of a significant minority interest in the company, began to increase his own share and soon became the owner of an 80% stake in the company.

Hoping to increase its market share, in 2004 Midway began a series of purchases by independent computer game development studios, intending to strengthen their development teams. In April 2004, the company acquired Surreal Software from Seattle . In October 2004, the company acquired Inevitable Entertainment in Austin, Texas, which became Midway Austin. In December 2004, Paradox Development was acquired in Murpark, California. The company acquired the Australian developer Ratbag Games on August 4, 2005, the company was renamed Midway Studios Australia. Four months later, on December 13, 2005, the company announced that it was closing the studio, leaving all its employees unemployed. Two days later, the company disposed of its empty premises in Adelaide . In 2004 and 2005, Midway lost $ 20 million in sales of 162 million and 112 million in sales of 150 million, respectively [17] . When voting with his shares, Redstone elected his daughter Shari Redstone to the board of directors, and later the head of the board of directors [17] .

In 2000, Midway became the fourth largest publisher of computer games in terms of sales [2] . According to Game Developer, the company became the 19th publisher of computer games in 2004 and the 20th in 2006 [18] .

The Second Half of the 2000s and Bankruptcy

Losses of Midway amounted to $ 77 million for sales of 166 million in 2006 and $ 100 million for sales of 157 million in 2007 [17] . The company continued to attract financing through debt offerings and loan agreements. In 2007, Midway Games participated in a lawsuit with Mindshadow Entertainment over the rights to the computer game Psi-Ops . Mindshadow claimed that Midway in this game copied the plot contained in a script written by the Mindshadow client. The lawsuit was terminated on December 2, 2008, by a decision of Judge Florence-Marie Cooper of the US Federal District Court for California, which dropped all charges from Midway. Judge Cooper found no evidence of copyright infringement [19] .

On March 6, 2007, Midway announced it had reached a new loan agreement with National Amusements for $ 90 million [17] . David Zucker, who was the CEO of the company, said that the presentation of Unreal Tournament 3 and the growth of the company's success in the mass market set it to “successful 2008” [20] . March 21, 2008 Zucker resigned as CEO. He was the third official to leave the company for three months. Matt Booty , who replaced Zucker in this position, previously served as Senior Vice President of the company [21] . During the summer of 2008, in an effort to reduce losses, Midway closed studios in Los Angeles and Austin [22] , so the company retained four studios in Chicago, Seattle, San Diego and Newcastle in England. In the same period, the company published the game TNA Impact! and, in September-October 2008, the game Blitz: The League II , which was developed by studios in Los Angeles (before closing) and in San Diego. In November 2008, Midway issued a statement stating that its funds and other resources “may not be enough to fulfill ... working capital requirements” and that this “will lead to the need for drastic cost reductions or the search for other sources of liquidity” [23] . On November 20, 2008, the company invited Lazard to assist in “evaluating strategic and financial alternatives” [24] . The next day, the company received a notification from the New York Stock Exchange about delisting of its shares due to a decrease in their value below $ 1 [25] . Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe , the company's latest game, was released around the same time, in November 2008.

The owner of the company, Sumner Redstone, on December 2, 2008, sold his 87% stake in the company to private investor Mark Thomas through his company MT Acquisition Holdings LLC [22] . Thomas's company paid about $ 100,000, or about $ 0.0012 per share, for shares. Thomas also received the right to claim a debt of $ 70 million , which the company owed to Redstone [4] [26] . National Amusements also incurred significant losses due to this transaction, however, these losses allowed the company to make a profit by saving on taxes [27] . In December 2008, Midway disclosed information that the company could default on debt of $ 240 million due to the sale of shares to Thomas, which was a condition for fulfilling the terms of two bond issues with a total volume of $ 150 million , which allows bondholders to demand their full repayment [28] .

In 2008, the company's losses amounted to $ 191 million in sales of 220 million , but the sale of the company to Redstone made it impossible for Midway to continue to accumulate debts from operating activities under tax requirements, the total amount of which was estimated at more than $ 700 million [7] [22] . On February 12, 2009, Midway filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code . The company began operations in the status of Debtor in possession (from the English - “debtor with property”) [22] . As the company’s speaker said, “we realized that bankruptcy was the logical next step for our organization to accelerate repayment options ... we are looking for reorganization options to get out of this situation stronger” [26] .

Selling Assets in 2009

On May 21, 2009, Midway issued a statement stating that it had received a takeover bid from Warner Bros. , for which the latter received the main assets of the company for $ 33 million , including Midway Studios in Chicago and Seattle, as well as rights to the Mortal Kombat and The Wheelman series of games. This offer did not apply to studios in San Diego and Newcastle, as well as to the TNA Impact series of games ! [29] [30] Midway previously worked with Warner Bros. over several games, including Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe . Midway said on May 28, 2009, that "until June 24, 2009 it accepts applications from those wishing to acquire some of the company's assets." The date of the auction was set on June 29th, after which court hearings were to be held, at which it was necessary to obtain approval of the sale of assets to the winner or winners. However, the auction was canceled due to the lack of other bids [31] . On July 1, 2009, a court ruling was passed under which the sale of most of Warner Bros. was approved [32] based on claims of intellectual property from a third party, Threshold Entertainment , which was filming two Mortal Kombat films, as well as some other intellectual property related to Mortal Kombat [33] [34] .

Midway announced on July 8, 2009, plans to close its September studio in San Diego. However, on August 19, THQ bought this studio for $ 740 thousand and repayment of obligations associated with it [35] [36] . To fulfill the settlement agreement approved by the bankruptcy court, on July 10, 2010 Midway transferred approximately $ 4.7 million to its main owner, Mark Thomas, in full payment of its obligations to Thomas and his associates, and Thomas and his associates provided the Midway Lenders Committee the right to vote without the possibility of recalling their ordinary shares of Midway, and also finally renounced the right to vote and the right to dispose of their shares [37] . This paid off 93% of Thomas' requirements [7] , and Midway continued its activity in the status of Debtor in possession [6] . Also on July 10, 2010, the sale of Warner Bros. assets was completed. Цена брутто сделки составила приблизительно 49 млн долларов, включая задолженность и принятые Warner Bros. обязательства. Благодаря этой сделке также были выполнены условия реализации «Плана стимулирования ключевых работников Midway» ( англ. Midway's Key Employee Incentive Plan ), по которому руководителям компании было выплачено приблизительно 2,4 млн долларов [6] . Студия Midway в Чикаго, работавшая в том числе над играми серии Mortal Kombat , стала частью Warner Bros. и была позднее переименована в NetherRealm Studios [38] .

14 июля 2009 компания объявила о своих планах закрыть студию в Ньюкасле с сокращением 75 её сотрудников [39] . Позже, 19 августа 2009 года, Midway продала французское и немецкое подразделения холдинговым компаниям Spiess Media Holding UG и F+F Publishing GmbH соответственно. В тот же день Speiss приобрела издательское подразделение Midway в Лондоне. Продажи европейских активов компании способствовали поступлению средств в размере 1,7 млн долларов и погашения связанных с ними обязательств [35] . В сентябре 2009 года компания закрыла свой главный офис в Чикаго и сократила всех оставшихся сотрудников, за исключением нескольких, занятых в деле о банкротстве. Многие из бывших работников чикагского офиса Midway впоследствии были трудоустроены компанией Warner Bros. [6] [8] [40] 2 октября 2009 года Midway и два её подразделения, Midway Home Entertainment и Midway Studios Los-Angeles, продали интеллектуальную собственность, включая лицензии Midway в отношении компьютерной игры TNA , компании SouthPeak Games за 100 тыс долларов и погашение связанных с ними обязательств [41] . Midway прекратила продажу компьютерных игр с октября 2009 года, к этому моменту у компании не осталось материальных активов [42] .

Судебные споры и ликвидация

В октябре 2009 года Федеральный окружной суд США по Чикаго отказал в иске против бывшего руководства Midway, которое обвинялось во введение акционеров в заблуждение во время продажи собственных акций компании. В решении судья указал на отсутствие доказательств того, что руководители «сказали и сделали более чем публично выражали, что их стратегический план впоследствии окупится» [8] [43] . Позднее, 28 января 2010 года, отклонил заявление кредиторов Midway, в котором Самнер Редстоун, Шэри Редстоун и директора компании обвинялись в мошенничестве и неисполнении своих обязанностей, указывая на займы, полученные компанией в 2008 году, и последующую продажу 87 % акций компании Марку Томасу, что увеличило операционный убыток Midway и обнулило операционный убыток компании, а также налоговые требования. Судья Кевин Гросс ( англ. Kevin Gross ) в своём интервью отметил, что его решение «не является одобрением действий подсудимых. […] Подсудимые, наблюдая руины некогда очень успешной компании, решили спрятаться за защитной юбкой законов Делавэра, которыми суд обязан руководствоваться». Суд также подтвердил право других кредиторов требовать возвращения долгов [7] .

In February 2010, Midway presented a draft liquidation plan to the bankruptcy court. This project provided for the repayment of debts between companies, it was also planned to make partial repayment of debts to unsecured creditors of Midway (their volume amounted to 155 million dollars) in the amount of up to approximately 16.5%, and also to partially repay debts to unsecured creditors of Midway units (their volume amounted to 36.7 million dollars) in the amount of approximately 25%. Any payments in a lawsuit from National Amusements must be included in the two previously indicated groups of debts to unsecured creditors and repaid in the same amount. Debts to protected creditors and first-priority creditors must be paid in full, while National Amusements will not receive payments under a subordinated loan agreement, nor will shareholders receive payments [44] . This project was approved by the bankruptcy court on May 21, 2010. Payments to unsecured creditors of the company totaled $ 25.5 million , and to unsecured creditors of company divisions - 9.2 million [9] . A liquidation trust was created, the trustee of which was appointed Buchwald Capital Advisors LLC, to resolve legal issues related to the liquidation of Midway, as well as transfer the remaining property to creditors [45] .

An application in form 15 to the US Securities and Exchange Commission on the termination of public registration of securities was filed June 9, 2010 [10] . The decision in the case against National Amusements (Redstone's company) was completed by the bankruptcy court on June 21, 2010, in which the defendant must pay $ 1 million . This settled the claims against Redstone and his companies [46] . Since December 2010, Buchwald Capital Advisors LLC, the trustee of a liquidation trust, has filed 57 claims in an attempt to return payments of $ 2,936,736 made by Midway to its creditors before the bankruptcy proceeding [47] . In March 2011, the Bankruptcy Court, by its decision, terminated the confrontation by Threshold Entertainment [33] .

Divisions and subsidiaries

Publishing and distribution

Sold

  • Midway Games Ltd (London, England) - The publication and distribution of Midway computer games in the UK and other European markets. Not to be confused with the parent company Midway Games Inc. The unit was sold on August 19, 2009 to a company owned by Martin Spiess , formerly one of the managers of Midway, together with another division of Midway Games SAS, on the basis of which the holding company Spiess Media Holding UG was formed [35] [48 ] ] . It was merged with the Paris office and renamed Tradewest Games [49] .
  • Midway Games SAS (Paris, France) - publication and distribution of computer games in France. The division was sold on August 9, 2009 to a company owned by Martin Spice, together with another division of Midway Games Ltd, on the basis of which the holding company Spiess Media Holding UG was formed [35] [48] . It was merged with the London office and renamed Tradewest Games [49] .
  • Midway Germany GmbH (Munich, Germany) - The publication and distribution of computer games in Germany. The division was created by Midway Games Ltd in February 2005. Sold in August 2009 to F + F Publishing GmbH by former Midway manager Uwe Füstenberg ( German: Uwe Fürstenberg ) [35] [48] .

Abolished

  • Midway Amusement Games, LLC (Chicago, USA). All assets were acquired by Happ Controls on October 1, 2001 [50] . This division was the original arcade department of the company (founded as the Midway Manufacturing Company) and possessed all the relevant intellectual property, which included, in particular, the gaming libraries Midway, Bally / Midway and Williams. Former employees, including Eugene Jarvis ( English Eugene Jarvis ) in the same year founded the company Raw Thrills.
  • Midway Home Entertainment (San Diego, USA) - Founded in 1986 under the name Tradewest, was acquired in 1994 by WMS Industries and renamed Williams Entertainment, Inc., which in 1996 was transformed into Midway Home Entertainment. Midway Home Entertainment has been involved in the publishing and marketing of all computer games for home game consoles and has enjoyed a significant degree of independence from its parent company in Chicago. To a large extent, Midway Home Entertainment was responsible for the relationship between Midway and manufacturers of game consoles for its games ( Nintendo , Sony , Microsoft, and some former manufacturers like Sega ). Thanks to this division, Midway was able to enter the market for computer games for home game consoles in the 1990s. At that time, all games for game consoles were developed by Midway Home Entertainment, and arcade games were developed in the studio from Chicago. For several years, Midway Home Entertainment worked at two sites (in the cities of Corsican , the original location of Tradewest, and in San Diego), until in 2002 the site in Corsican was closed.

Development

Sold

  • Midway Studios - Chicago (Chicago, USA) - the original Midway studio. Gradually, the studio focused on developing games for home and portable gaming systems. Blitz: The League games for PlayStation 2 and Xbox , Stranglehold for PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 and PC were developed in this studio, and this studio was also involved in the development of games in the Mortal Kombat series . The studio was located in the same building as the Midway Amusement Games across the street from Midway's main office. After purchasing Warner Bros. the studio became part of WB Games Chicago [51] [52] . In June 2010, Warner Bros. renamed it to NetherRealm Studios [38] .
  • Midway Studios - San Diego (San Diego, USA) was located in the same building as Midway Home Entertainment, and was the first studio to start developing computer games inside Midway for home game consoles. Inside the studio, the game Gauntlet: Seven Sorrows was developed, and the game Rise and Fall: Civilizations at War , which was developed by Stainless Steel Studios, was also completed. The studio worked on the games Ready 2 Rumble Boxing , Ready 2 Rumble Boxing: Round 2 , a series of games Cruis'n USA , TNA Impact! , Blitz: The League II . In 2008, before the release of TNA Impact! and Blitz: The League II studio assisted the studio from Los Angeles. Midway announced on July 8, 2009, plans to close the studio in San Diego in September. [53] However, in early August 2009, the studio was acquired by THQ along with all assets associated with it, with the exception of the license for the computer game TNA iMPACT! , which was subsequently sold to SouthPeak Games. At the same time, about 40% of the staff received offers to continue working for the studio [36] . Also, many of the former employees were subsequently employed by High Moon Studios . THQ filed for bankruptcy at the end of 2012. [54]
  • Surreal Software (Seattle, USA) - founded in 1995, was acquired by Midway in 2004 and sold to Warner Bros. in July 2009.

Abolished

  • Midway Studios - Austin (Austin, USA) - was founded on March 23, 2000 as Inevitable Entertainment, Inc., purchased by Midway in 2004 and closed in 2008.
  • Midway Studios - Australia (Adelaide, Australia) - was founded in 1993 as Ratbag Games. Purchased by Midway on August 4, 2005 and closed four months later in December 2005.
  • Midway Studios - Los Angeles (Murpark, USA) - founded in 1994 as Paradox Development, purchased by Midway in 2004. Closed in 2008 after merging with a studio in San Diego.
  • Midway Studios - Newcastle (Newcastle, England) - was founded in December 1996 as Pitbull Syndicate and purchased by Midway in October 2005. Closed July 14, 2009 after the sale of assets of Warner Bros. due to the fact that Midway could not find a buyer for the studio. In 2009, some former studio employees founded the new company Atomhawk Design [55] . In 2010, Robert Troughton , founder of Pitbull Syndicate, created a new company in Newcastle, Pitbull Studio [56] .

Arcade Projects

Video Games

  • Bio freaks
  • Defender
  • Defender ii
  • Galaxian
  • Galaga
  • Gorf
  • Hydro thunder
  • Joust
  • Killer instinct
  • Mortal kombat
  • Mortal kombat ii
  • Mortal kombat 3
  • Mortal kombat 4
  • NARC
  • Pac-man
  • Pigskin 621 AD
  • Primal Rage
  • Rampage
  • Ready 2 Rumble Boxing: Round 2
  • (1994)
  • Robotron: 2084
  • San Francisco Rush 2049
  • Spy hunter
  • Stargate
  • Tapper
  • Tron
  • Trog!
  • Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 (enhanced version of Mortal Kombat 3 )
  • War gods
Notes
↑ Originally developed by Atari Games
↑ Originally designed by Williams
↑ Together with Nintendo
↑ Owned by Namco

Pinball

All games under the Bally brand, unless otherwise indicated.

  • (1992)
  • (1995)
  • (1992)
  • (1997)
  • Corvette (1994)
  • (1992)
  • (1992)
  • (1990)
  • (1989)
  • Escape from the Lost World (1987 - Bally / Midway)
  • (1991)
  • (1991)
  • (1993)
  • Lady Luck (1986 - Bally / Midway)
  • Motordome (1986 - Bally / Midway)
  • (1997)
  • (1991)
  • (1994)
  • (1996)
  • (1994)
  • 10 Pin Deluxe (1984 — Bally/Midway)
  • (1995)
  • (1993)
  • (1994)

Отборные консольные и ПК-игры

  • Area 51
  • Doom 64
  • Formula One 2000
  • Freaky Flyers
  • Hour of Victory
  • Justice League: Injustice for All
  • Justice League: Chronicles
  • The Lord of the Rings Online
  • Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance
  • Mortal Kombat: Deception
  • Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks
  • Mortal Kombat: Armageddon
  • Mortal Kombat Trilogy
  • Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe
  • Ozzy & Drix
  • Psi-Ops: The Mindgate Conspiracy
  • Quake (N64)
  • Ready 2 Rumble Boxing: Round 2
  • Static Shock
  • Stranglehold
  • The Suffering (Xbox, PS2, PC)
  • The Suffering: Ties That Bind (Xbox, PS2, PC)
  • This is Vegas
  • (неизданная версия для Windows)
  • Unreal Tournament 3
  • The Wheelman

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 Midway Games Inc 2008 Annual Report - Form 10-K - April 6, 2009 (англ.) . secdatabase.com . Date of treatment March 12, 2019.
  2. ↑ 1 2 Quang Hong. Midway Fourth (англ.) . Gamasutra (1 February 2000). Date of treatment March 12, 2019.
  3. ↑ MIDWAY GAMES INC. (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . US Securities and Exchange Commission . Дата обращения 12 марта 2019. Архивировано 4 июня 2011 года.
  4. ↑ 1 2 Sakthi Prasad, John Stonestreet. Redstone sells Midway Games to ease debt - WSJ (англ.) . Reuters (1 December 2008). Date of treatment March 12, 2019.
  5. ↑ IGN story: Midway files for bankruptcy (англ.) . IGN (12 February 2009). Date of treatment March 12, 2019.
  6. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Midway Games Inc. (eng.) . US Securities and Exchange Commission . Date of treatment March 12, 2019.
  7. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Michael Bathon. Midway Games Creditors Settle Suit With Shareholder Mark Thomas (англ.) . Bloomberg (6 June 2009). Date of treatment March 12, 2019.
  8. ↑ 1 2 3 Sandra Guy. Judge: Shareholders fail to show Midway Games execs hid financial condition (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Chicago Sun-Times (27 October 2009). Дата обращения 12 марта 2019. Архивировано 2 ноября 2009 года.
  9. ↑ 1 2 Michael Bathon. Midway Games Wins Court Approval of Liquidating Plan (англ.) . Bloomberg (22 May 2010). Date of treatment March 12, 2019.
  10. ↑ 1 2 Midway Games Inc. (eng.) . US Securities and Exchange Commission . Date of treatment March 12, 2019.
  11. ↑ 1 2 Bally Acquiring Midway, Lenc- Smith; Operators Explain Sam Stern Reveals Expansion Plans (англ.) // Billboard : журнал. — 1969. — 2 August. — P. 41 .
  12. ↑ Midway Expanding Its Game Line (англ.) // Billboard : журнал. — 1967. — 22 July. — P. 57 .
  13. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 John Lester. Williams-Bally-Midway the “Roman Empire” of Gaming (англ.) . Gamester81 Enterprises (6 January 2012). Date of treatment March 18, 2019.
  14. ↑ Doug Macrae from GCC speaks at California Extreme 2010 (англ.) . 2010-10-04 (Vimeo.com). Date of treatment March 18, 2019.
  15. ↑ Joyce Worley. Women Join the Arcade Revolution (англ.) // Electronic Games : журнал. — 1982. — May ( vol. 1 , no. 3 ). — P. 30–33 .
  16. ↑ MIDWAY GAMES INC. FORM S-3 (англ.) . sec.gov (27 November 2001). Date of treatment March 24, 2019.
  17. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Midway Games Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2007 (неопр.) . Sec.gov. Дата обращения 6 января 2013.
  18. ↑ Trevor Wilson. Game Developer's Top 20 Publishers, 2006 (англ.) . Gamasutra (8 January 2007). Date of treatment March 24, 2019.
  19. ↑ Case No. 2:07-cv-00967-FMC-JCx (docket entry No. 175) (неопр.) . Ecf.cacd.uscourts.gov. Дата обращения 6 января 2013.
  20. ↑ Michael French. Midway revenues at $157.2m for 2007, but losses grow to $97.4m (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Mcvuk.com (7 March 2008). Дата обращения 28 марта 2019. Архивировано 9 марта 2008 года.
  21. ↑ James Lee. Matt Booty named Midway president and CEO (англ.) . gamesindustry.biz (31 October 2008). Дата обращения 28 марта 2019.
  22. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Midway Games Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 , filed with the SEC on April 6, 2009
  23. ↑ Midway Games Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the first 9 months of 2008 (неопр.) . Sec.gov. Дата обращения 6 января 2013.
  24. ↑ Midway Games Inc. current report on Form 8-K dated December 4, 2008
  25. ↑ Mark Hefflinger. Midway Games Receives NYSE Delisting Notice (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . dmwmedia.com (21 November 2008). Дата обращения 28 марта 2019. Архивировано 10 июля 2011 года.
  26. ↑ 1 2 Wailin Wong. 'Mortal Kombat' maker Midway Games files for bankruptcy (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Chicago Tribune (13 February 2009). Дата обращения 28 марта 2019. Архивировано 12 мая 2012 года.
  27. ↑ Leigh Alexander. Redstone Sells Midway For $100,000 To Ease Debt (англ.) . Gamasutra (1 December 2008). Дата обращения 28 марта 2019.
  28. ↑ Wailin Wong. Midway Games says it may default on $240 million in debt (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Chicago Tribune (5 December 2008). Дата обращения 28 марта 2019. Архивировано 17 сентября 2011 года.
  29. ↑ Brian Crecente. Warner Bros. Offers to Buy Most of Midway - Midway (неопр.) . Kotaku (21 мая 2009). Дата обращения 6 января 2013.
  30. ↑ Ben Fritz, Alex Pham . Warner bros makes bid for Midway Games (22 мая 2009). Дата обращения 26 августа 2009.
  31. ↑ Ben Fritz, Alex Pham . Warner bros emerges as sole bidder for Midway Games (27 июня 2009). Дата обращения 26 августа 2009.
  32. ↑ Geoff Dunca . Time Warner Buying Most of Midway Games for $33 Mln , Digital Trends . Дата обращения 6 июля 2009.
  33. ↑ 1 2 Kevin Gross. IN RE MIDWAY GAMES INC. (eng.) . leagle.com (29 March 2011). Дата обращения 29 марта 2019.
  34. ↑ MORRIS JAMES. Finish Him! Bankruptcy Court Dismissed Suit Over Mortal Kombat Intellectual Property Rights For Lack Of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . morrisjames.com (2 September 2011). Дата обращения 29 марта 2019. Архивировано 14 ноября 2011 года.
  35. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Midway Games' Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 25, 2009 with the SEC (неопр.) . Sec.gov. Дата обращения 6 января 2013.
  36. ↑ 1 2 THQ To Obtain Midway's San Diego Studio (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . GDB (10 August 2009). Дата обращения 29 марта 2019. Архивировано 13 августа 2009 года.
  37. ↑ Mark Thomas Form 4 , filed with the SEC on July 13, 2009
  38. ↑ 1 2 Joseph Murphy. New Mortal Kombat coming 2011 says Warner Brothers (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . thegamingliberty.com (10 June 2010). Дата обращения 29 марта 2019. Архивировано 26 июня 2010 года.
  39. ↑ Michael French. Lights out for Midway Newcastle (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . develop-online.net (14 July 2009). Дата обращения 29 марта 2019. Архивировано 16 июля 2009 года.
  40. ↑ Tor Thorsen. Midway's Chicago HQ closing, final buyout price $49 million (англ.) . Gamespot (16 July 2009). Дата обращения 29 марта 2019.
  41. ↑ Midway Games Form 8-K filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission as of October 2, 2009
  42. ↑ October financial report filed with the bankruptcy court and on form 8-K with the SEC (неопр.) . Sec.gov. Дата обращения 6 января 2013.
  43. ↑ Michael J. Hassen. PSLRA Class Action Defense Cases–Zerger v. Midway Games (англ.) . classactiondefenseblog.com (12 November 2009). Дата обращения 28 марта 2019.
  44. ↑ Randall Reese. Details of Midway Games Inc.'s Proposed Plan of Liquidation (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . netdocketsblog.com (24 February 2010). Дата обращения 29 марта 2019. Архивировано 18 августа 2010 года.
  45. ↑ Midway Games – CDDJ Bankruptcy Adversary Proceedings Report of Complaints, Dismissals, Defaults, Judgments (англ.) . Burbage & Weddell LLC . Дата обращения 29 марта 2019.
  46. ↑ Bill Rochelle. Midway, Tronox, Lexington, Neff, Brown: Bankruptcy (Update1) (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Bloomberg (28 May 2010). Дата обращения 29 марта 2019. Архивировано 9 июня 2010 года.
  47. ↑ Midway Games Liquidating Trustee Begins Filing Avoidance Actions (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Bankruptcy News & Analysis (4 January 2011). Дата обращения 29 марта 2019. Архивировано 21 апреля 2011 года.
  48. ↑ 1 2 3 Ben Gilbert. UK and France offices bought for 1 euro (combined) (неопр.) . Joystiq.com (12 августа 2009). Дата обращения 6 января 2013.
  49. ↑ 1 2 Tom Ivan. Midway Ltd And SAS Now Tradewest Games (англ.) (недоступная ссылка) . Edge online (21 August 2009). Дата обращения 30 марта 2019. Архивировано 9 июня 2012 года.
  50. ↑ Happ Controls Acquires Midway Amusement Games' Coin-Operated Videogame Parts and Service Business (неопр.) . Happcontrols.com. Дата обращения 6 января 2013.
  51. ↑ RIP Midway Games 1958-2009 (In Name Only) , TRMK (10 июля 2009). Дата обращения 10 июля 2009.
  52. ↑ Mortal Kombat team sheds Midway skin for 'WB Games Chicago' , Joystiq (27 июля 2009). Дата обращения 27 июля 2009.
  53. ↑ Wong, Wailin. «Midway Games to close San Diego studio» , chicagotribune.com, July 8, 2009 Архивировано 11 июля 2009 года.
  54. ↑ Petitte, Omri. THQ declares bankruptcy, will continue publishing duties (неопр.) . PC Gamer (19 декабря 2012). Дата обращения 19 января 2014.
  55. ↑ Gilbert, Ben. «From the ashes of Midway Newcastle, Atomhawk Design rises» , Joystiq, September 3, 2009
  56. ↑ Makuch, Eddie. «Pitbull Bites Back» . GameSpot.com, July 14, 2010

Links

  • Официальный сайт (англ.) в Архиве Интернета

Профили компании

  • Midway Games (англ.) . IGN . Дата обращения 30 августа 2014. Архивировано 30 августа 2014 года.
  • Midway Games (англ.) . GameSpy . Дата обращения 30 апреля 2010. Архивировано 24 апреля 2012 года.
  • Midway Games (англ.) . GameSpot . Дата обращения 30 апреля 2010. Архивировано 24 апреля 2012 года.
  • Midway Games (англ.) . MobyGames Дата обращения 30 апреля 2010. Архивировано 24 апреля 2012 года.

Publications

  • Константин Клищенко. Обновлено: Midway продана за $100000 (рус.) . techlabs.by (16 ноября 2009). Дата обращения 30 апреля 2010.
  • Денис Тихонов. Midway Games инициирует процедуру банкротства и продает часть активов (рус.) (недоступная ссылка) . Компьюлента (22 мая 2009). Дата обращения 30 апреля 2010. Архивировано 19 июня 2009 года.
  • О прошлом Midway и будущем MK (рус.) . mkserver.ru (2 августа 2008). Дата обращения 30 апреля 2010. Архивировано 24 апреля 2012 года.
  • Ivan Favelevic. A Video Game Legend: Midway Games (англ.) . UPchicago.com (8 August 2011). Дата обращения 30 августа 2014. Архивировано 30 августа 2014 года.
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midway_Games&oldid=102420920


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