Mertsalov’s palm - forged from the rail at the end of the 19th century by the blacksmith Aleksey Ivanovich Mertsalov with assistant hammermaker Philip Fedotovich Shkarin, the image of a palm tree awarded at the 1900 Paris International Industrial Exhibition with the Grand Prix. Depicted on the coat of arms of the Donetsk region . There is a project to establish copies of the Mertsalov palm in the capitals of the leading states of the world.
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| Mertsalov Alexey Ivanovich Shkarin Philip Fedotovich | ||
| Palm Mertsalova . 1895 year | ||
| rail . 3.53 m × {{{width}}} cm | ||
| Mining Institute in St. Petersburg | ||
Creation History
Content
Born in 1856 in a peasant family in the village of Kurakhovka, Ekaterinoslav province . He worked at the Yuzovsky Metallurgical Plant for forty years. He retired on July 8, 1919 . He died on August 1, 1935 in Anapa [1] .
Born January 21, 1879. He began working at the Yuzovsky Metallurgical Plant in 1895 at the age of seventeen. In 1897 he was transferred to the blacksmiths. He worked as a master in a blacksmith shop until the 1950s [1] .
A steel palm was forged at the end of 1895 [1] by the blacksmith of the metallurgical plant of the Novorossiysk Society of Coal, Iron and Rail Production, Alexei Ivanovich Mertsalov with the help of the hammer Hammer Philip Fedotovich Shkarin [1] and other workers of the plant. The creation of the palm tree was timed to coincide with the sixteenth All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition of Industrial and Handicrafts , which took place in 1896 in Nizhny Novgorod . At this exhibition, a palm tree was exhibited as one of the exhibits in the pavilion of the Novorossiysk Society of Coal, Iron and Rail Production.
Mertsalov’s palm is made without welding and joints from a whole piece of rail [1] . The rail was selected as the starting material for advertising purposes, as the main product of the Novorossiysk Society of Coal, Iron and Rail Production. The height of the palm tree is 3 meters 53 centimeters. Mertsalov took three weeks to create it [2] . At the top of the palm is a whisk, and around the trunk are ten leaves. The leaves spring, although they are forged from steel and are integral with the trunk [3] . For the palm tree, a tub is also forged, which consists of four reinforced rail posts, around which twenty-three metal rings of different sections are laid. The number of rings corresponded to the age of the plant - 23 years [4] . A palm tree weighs 325 kilograms and a barrel weighs 200.
At the Nizhny Novgorod exhibition, Mertsalov’s palm was highly appreciated by specialists, people of art and ordinary visitors to the exhibition [5] . Alexey Mertsalov was personally present at the exhibition together with a group of other factory workers. The Kharkov magazine "Gornozavodsky leaf" described the work of Alexei Mertsalov:
| Palm tree made of one rail. Its trunk carries ten leaves and ends with a whisk at the top. The height of a truly artistic product is 3 m 53 cm. Hammer and chisel are the only tools that blacksmiths used. |
Another newspaper of the time wrote:
| The palm tree amazes the audience with its height, harmony, amazing grace. Its dark, dissected leaves, fan-shaped from the trunk, were so light, and the thin, rough trunk was so flexible that at first it was difficult to believe that this was not a living plant taken from the Caucasian coast, but the finest work of art. Everyone wanted to touch her hands. |
In 1900, Mertsalov’s palm was exhibited at the World Industrial Exhibition in Paris , where the pavilion of the Novorossiysk Society of Coal, Iron and Rail Production received the Grand Prix award. After participating in the Paris exhibition, palm trees with mock mines were deposited at the Museum of the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg , where the original Mertsalov palm is stored to this day. When transported to the museum, one of the leaves broke off. It was fastened back on rivets [6] .
In the 1950s, a palm tree was investigated and studies confirmed that it was made of a solid rail [3] . Until 1953, the name of the creator was not known. Palma participated in exhibitions as "Yuzovskaya", under the same name it was stored in the Mining Institute. The author’s searches were dealt with by engineer Konstantin Yakovlevich Zakharenkov. In 1959, he found Philip Fedotovich Shkarin, who was still working at that time at the Donetsk Metallurgical Plant , who recognized the work of Mertsalov. Other workers confirmed his words: I. K. Kosenko, F. N. Sherudilo, V. T. Tsygankova, V. V. Polyakova [2] .
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, there were appeals to the management of the Museum of the Mining Institute with a request to return Mertsalov’s palm to Donetsk, but they were unsuccessful [6] [7] .
Modern copies
On September 12, 1999, in Donetsk, on the square near the Expo-Donbass exhibition center, the first copy of the Mertsalov palm was installed. This copy is stored covered with a glass cap, its height is 4 meters 20 centimeters [6] . It was created by the Donetsk blacksmith Sergey Fedorovich Kaspruk with the help of his son Oleg and other Donetsk blacksmiths, who worked on the palm tree for three and a half months. Kaspruk’s copy is also solid, without welding or joining. For its production at the Lidievskaya mine, a rail of 1901 was taken with the marking of Yu. V. Zh. D. Since the description of Mertsalov’s technology was not preserved, Kaspruk developed his own [6] . The rails blank was besieged and backlogs were cut in place of the leaves. These backlogs were heated and further forged with a chisel and hammer . In the process, about ten thousand heatings were performed [6] . Sergey Kaspruk also produced the following copies, which were installed in Kiev and Moscow [6] . It was planned that this copy will become one of the exhibits of the National Museum of the History of Industry of Ukraine created in Donetsk, but the museum has not yet been created [8] .
The image of the Mertsalov palm at the initiative of the Golden Scythian Donetsk Regional Fund was adopted as a symbol of the revival of Ukraine, an independent and powerful industrial state [9] . There is a project of the same name to establish copies of the Mertsalov palm in the capitals of the leading states of the world. As part of this project, work is ongoing in 70 countries [9] . There is also a project “Donbass on the highest points of planet Earth”, in which climbers of the Donetsk Regional Mountaineering and Sports Tourism Federation raise a small copy of a palm tree to the tops of the mountains, and then transfer it to the embassy of the countries on whose territory they climbed [10] . In 2001-2004, as part of this project, climbers climbed the 7 highest peaks of the world - Elbrus , Aconcagua , McKinley , Kilimanjaro , Chomolungma , Wilhelm , Vinson [11] . Climbers raised by climbers are half a meter long and weigh three kilograms [12] .
In May 2001 [13] a copy of the Mertsalov palm tree was presented to Kiev on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of Ukraine’s independence. The height of this copy is 3 meters 55 centimeters [6] . Kiev in response gave Donetsk a statue of Archangel Michael [14] . It was planned that the monument will be erected on Independence Square , but the palm tree was moved to the Globus shopping center [15] [16] . There, a palm tree stood on the first line of the shopping complex near the sporting goods store, and then it was transferred to the third line of the shopping complex and installed in the center of the art salon. By the opening of the European Football Championship 2012, a Kiev copy of the palm tree was transferred to the entrance to the new building of the city history museum at the intersection of Bohdan Khmelnitsky and Pushkinskaya streets [17] .
In September 2001 [13] as part of the Days of the Donbass in Moscow on Manezhnaya Square (Okhotny Ryad shopping center) a copy of Mertsalov’s palm tree (director of the ceremony - K. Nikitin) was installed. [18] Moscow in response gave Donetsk a copy of Tsar Cannon [14] .
On July 27, 2002, a copy of the Mertsalov palm by the forces of the Donetsk scuba diving camp “Aquatic” was installed in an underwater grotto at Cape Tarkhankut in the Bay of Miracles ( Crimea ) [19] . The organizers of the action chose the symbol of Donbass and considered copies of the monument “ Glory to the miners' labor ” in Donetsk and the monument to the metallurgist in Mariupol as options, but they stopped precisely on the palm of Mertsalov. The mainsail was chosen for installation so that scuba divers would not injure themselves on the crown of a palm tree during the next dives. It is located at a depth of 12.5 meters. Geographic coordinates: 45 degrees 20 minutes 116 seconds north latitude, 32 degrees 33 minutes 722 seconds east longitude. This copy is half the size of the original and was made by the Donetsk company Lekam. To preserve the palm tree in sea water, it is covered with special ship paint, which was provided by the Azov Shipyard . The base was concreted.
In December 2002, a copy of Mertsalov’s palm tree was donated to Ottawa [13] as part of the Canadian Leaf Art Festival [9] . On April 10, 2003, a copy of the Mertsalov palm tree was donated to Hanover [13] and installed in the central hall of the Hanover exhibition complex. In Lviv, a copy of the Mertsalov palm was installed in May 2003 on the forecourt. In January 2004, a copy of the Mertsalov palm was temporarily installed in Kiev , on the territory of the Holy Dormition Kiev-Pechersk Lavra , then this copy was sent to Jerusalem [3] . Also in 2004, two copies of the palm tree were donated to Kharkov in honor of the 350th anniversary, one of them was installed in the Sports Palace, and the second in the center of culture of the National Law Academy [20] . In addition, in 2004, another Mertsalov palm was installed in Iraq in honor of the resumption of the work of the Ukrainian Embassy [13] , the other at the Borispol Airport [13] , it was planned that it would then be transferred to one of the air showrooms in Le Bourget . Statements of intent were also made to establish copies of the Mertsalov palm in Rome (in honor of the 70th birthday of Anatoly Borisovich Solovyanenko ) [21] , Berlin [21] and Kyoto near the imperial palace [22] .
As part of the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the Donetsk region in the summer of 2007, another copy of the Mertsalov palm was installed in Donetsk. It is located on Pushkin Boulevard near the building of the Donetsk Regional State Administration. This copy was forged by the blacksmith Eugene Ermak. The palm is no longer forged from rails, but from damask steel and stands between two bowls of fountains. The weight of the copy is about 500 kilograms. Each sheet consists of 120 layers of metal, and its color contains six shades - from white to black [23] . A blacksmith spent a week and twenty kilograms of metal on one sheet [23] . The finished sheet weighs four times less, which is associated with the technology of manufacturing Damascus steel. The surface is varnished [24] .
The installation of this copy of the palm was preceded by a conflict between the Executive Director of the Palm Mertsalov Foundation Konstantin Petrovich Vorobyov with the city administration and the regional council [25] . His concept of installing a copy of Mertsalov’s palm on Pushkin Boulevard also included laying placards for the winners of the Golden Skif festival and posters with the names of cities where other copies have already been installed [26] . Vorobyov claimed to be the owner of copyrights for the Mertsalov’s Palm program and the reconstruction of Pushkin Boulevard with the installation of a copy of Mertsalov’s palm, and also tried to prohibit the installation of a copy of the palm in a different concept [26] . March 17, 2003 Vorobyov submitted an application to Ukrpatent for registering the Palma Mertsalova trademark for himself, but was refused [26] .
At the end of 2008, vandals broke a branch from a copy of a palm tree at the regional state administration [27] . On April 21, 2009, workers at the Hephaestus forging plant dismantled a palm tree and took it away for restoration . Since they did not inform the city administration and public in advance, the disappearance of the palm tree caused rumors of her abduction [28] , as several news sites wrote about [29] . During the restoration by means of argon welding, a missing palm leaf was attached and preventive work was performed, in particular, surface treatment with linseed oil. By May 1, 2009, the palm was returned to its place [24] .
Heraldic Symbol
On August 17, 1999, at the session of the Donetsk Regional Council , the emblem of the Donetsk region was approved at the session of the Donetsk Regional Council . Mertsalov’s palm symbolizes on this emblem iron and steel industry and coal industry .
The symbolic meaning of the palm was also invented: an integral strong trunk began to symbolize unity and determination; the roots going back to the earth began to symbolize the source of strength and wealth; wide leaves began to symbolize the breadth of coverage of various fields of activity [9] [30] .
Donetsk heraldist Evgeni Aleksandrovich Malakha criticized the approved version of the coat of arms and the image of a palm tree on it in blue [31] . In his opinion, the coat of arms and, in particular, the Mertsalov palm depicted on it contain a number of heraldic errors. He and a team of artists and heraldists developed the second, “reference” version of the coat of arms [31] . In this embodiment, the coat of arms of the palm is depicted in black, which is more consistent with the product of ferrous metal and the symbol of ferrous metallurgy.
1999 variant
Original stamped art envelope of Ukraine (2007)
Chevron of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Donetsk region
Small "reference emblem" ( Spanish shield )
Small "reference coat of arms" ( French shield )
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Styopkin V.P. Palma Mertsalova // Illustrated History of Yuzovka-Stalin-Donetsk. - Donetsk: Apex, 2007. - S. 12. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 966-8242-55-6 .
- ↑ 1 2 Volodin G.G. Mertsalovskaya palm // Following the traces of history. Essays from the history of the Donetsk Order of Lenin Metallurgical Plant named after V.I. Lenin. - Donetsk: Donbass , 1967. - S. 38-43. - 20,000 copies.
- ↑ 1 2 3 In Kiev, near the Lavra bell tower, a metal palm tree was installed . Orthodoxy.Ru (January 20, 2004). Date of treatment May 1, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ A. K. Skibenko. 6 Donetsk excursions. - Donetsk: Nord Computer, 2009. - P. 29. - 145 p.
- ↑ V. Kotsarenko . Palm Mertsalova - a symbol of Donbass // Technopolis. - February 17, 2000. - No. 7 (396) .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Palm from the rail // Journal of metal. - 2004. - No. 2 . Archived January 20, 2008.
- ↑ Vladimir Boyko. Eastern PALMIR (On the symbols of Donetsk) . Facets (2003). Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- ↑ National Museum of the History of Industry of Ukraine “Technoland” . Information portal of the Donetsk region. Date of treatment May 2, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Project “Palm of Mertsalov” . Charitable Foundation for the Development and Popularization of Donbass "Golden Scythian" (December 5, 2002). Date of treatment May 1, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ The program "Donbass at the highest points of the planet Earth" . Information portal of the Donetsk region. Date of treatment May 2, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ "Ukrainian hero": let's go! . Charitable Foundation for the Development and Popularization of Donbass "Golden Scythian" (February 21, 2002). Date of treatment May 1, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ Igor Osipchuk. The symbol of the Donbass - the iron palm - Ukrainian climbers will try to climb the highest mountain of the western hemisphere // Facts. - March 13, 2002.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mertsalov’s palm sprouted in Borispol . Newspaper ForUm (March 12, 2004). Date of treatment May 2, 2009. Archived on August 18, 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Statue of Archangel Michael - in Donetsk! . Charitable Foundation for the Development and Popularization of Donbass "Golden Scythian" (February 28, 2002). Date of treatment May 3, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ Kiev decorated the underground cafe with a Donetsk gift symbol . Our Donetsk (May 5, 2006). Date of treatment May 19, 2012. Archived May 20, 2012.
- ↑ Dmitry Komarov. The act of the Kiev authorities is a spit in the direction of the Donbass . Kiev2000 (May 17, 2006). Date of treatment May 2, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ Konstantin Vorobiev. In Kiev, Mertsalov’s palm will be installed in a new place . The Internet newspaper "News of Donbass" (05/08/2012). Date of treatment May 19, 2012. Archived May 20, 2012.
- ↑ For reasons, circumstances, and the ceremony of giving a copy of the Mertsalov palm in Moscow, see, in particular: Manekin R.V. The Donetsk clan in the modern history of Russia and Ukraine. People, forces, competitors. “Personnel Policy”, No. 1, Moscow, 2001 - Ministry of Printing, PI No. 77-3204, etc.
- ↑ Elena Samoilenko. As we plunged a palm tree ... . Donetsk scuba diving club "Aquatic". Date of treatment May 19, 2012. Archived May 20, 2012.
- ↑ The mayor of Kharkov awarded Lukyanchenko with the distinction “For zeal” . NEWS.dn.ua (August 22, 2004). Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- ↑ 1 2 “Palma Mertsalova” conquers the world . Charity Fund for the Development and Popularization of Donbass "Golden Scythian" (June 20, 2002). Date of treatment May 3, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ The mayor of Kyoto expressed a desire to establish the Mertsalov Palm near the imperial palace in the ancient capital of Japan . Charitable Foundation for the Development and Popularization of Donbass "Golden Scythian" (January 20, 2003). Date of treatment May 1, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Julia Ilyina. Eugene Ermak forged Mertsalov’s palm from Damascus steel // BLIK. - May 9, 2007.
- ↑ 1 2 The palm of Mertsalov was taken to the blacksmiths, who will return it on May 1 . Donetsk.proUA.com (April 22, 2009). Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- ↑ Sergey Korobchuk. "Donetsk" quarreled over the palm of Mertsalov . Elections.org (April 9, 2007). Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Maxim Isaenko. Donetsk region loses Palm Mertsalov . Maidan (January 23, 2007). Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- ↑ Donetsk police cannot catch the "people" who mutilated Mertsalov’s palm: "They’re looking badly," - Lukyanchenko (inaccessible link) . KID (November 25, 2008). Date of treatment May 3, 2009. Archived December 5, 2012.
- ↑ Matvey Pronin. Where did the Mertsalov palm disappear? // Newspaper in Donetsk. - April 22, 2009.
- ↑ For example, the symbol of the city Was stolen in Donetsk . Details (April 22, 2009). Date of treatment May 3, 2009. , The symbol of Donetsk Was stolen from the city center . Irta-FAX (April 22, 2009). Date of treatment May 3, 2009. , In Donetsk, the symbol of the city was stolen . Illichivets (April 22, 2009). Date of treatment May 3, 2009. , In Donetsk, the symbol of the city was stolen . All-Biz.Info (April 23, 2009). Date of treatment May 3, 2009. , The symbol of Donetsk Was stolen from the city center . Racurs + (April 22, 2009). Date of treatment May 3, 2009. , SHOCK: A symbol of the city was stolen in the center of Donetsk! . Our Donetsk (April 22, 2009). Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- ↑ National program "Palm Mertsalova" . Information portal of the Donetsk region. Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- ↑ 1 2 Coat of arms of the Donetsk region . Heraldry.ru. Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
Bibliography
- Volodin G.G. Mertsalovskaya palm // Following the traces of history. Essays from the history of the Donetsk Order of Lenin Metallurgical Plant named after V.I. Lenin. - Donetsk: Donbass , 1967. - S. 38-43. - 20,000 copies.
- Styopkin V.P. Palma Mertsalova // Illustrated History of Yuzovka-Stalin-Donetsk. - Donetsk: Apex, 2007. - S. 12. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 966-8242-55-6 .
- Monuments and commemorative signs // All about Donetsk .: Reference manual. - Donetsk: Donbass , 2003 .-- S. 156-162. - ISBN 5-7740-0782-0 .
Links
- Mining Museum of the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg. At the end, a photograph of the original palm of Mertsalov .
- Commemorative sign "Palm Mertsalov" . Our Donetsk. Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- Coat of arms of Donetsk region Palma Mertsalova . Annet Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- Vladimir Boyko. Eastern PALMIR (On the symbols of Donetsk) . Facets (2003). Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- V. Kotsarenko . Palm Mertsalova - a symbol of Donbass // Technopolis. - February 17, 2000. - No. 7 (396) .
- The project "Palm Mertsalova" . Charitable Foundation for the Development and Popularization of Donbass "Golden Scythian" (December 5, 2002). Date of treatment May 1, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- Dmitry Markovsky. Donetsk is not for palm trees // Economic News. - February 1, 2007. - No. 9 (542) .
- Maxim Isaenko. Donetsk region loses Palm Mertsalov . Maidan (January 23, 2007). Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- Julia Ilyina. Eugene Ermak forged Mertsalov’s palm from Damascus steel // BLIK. - May 9, 2007.
- Palm Mertsalova . Travel company "Kiev Sputnik". Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- Palm Mertsalova . Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- Evgeny Shibalov. The battle for the blacksmith's legacy . URA-Inform. Donbass (February 5, 2007). Date of treatment May 3, 2009.
- E. Yasenov . PALM . Donetsk. The site of Evgeny Yasenov (November 10, 2008). Date of treatment November 10, 2009. Archived August 23, 2011.
- E. Yasenov , K. Zakharenkov. Where do the characters begin . Donetsk. Author’s site of Evgeny Yasenov (September 16, 2011). Date of treatment September 20, 2011. Archived January 24, 2012.
- Martynenko V. The author on stage. Secrets of the palm of Mertsalov . Donbass Geographical Society (January 26, 2017).