The history of the post and postage stamps of Yugoslavia covers the period from 1918 to 2006 , corresponding to the time of the existence of Greater Yugoslavia - the kingdom ( KSXS ), then the federation (FPRY, SFRY ), which now included independent states: Serbia , Montenegro , Croatia , Slovenia , Macedonia , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Lesser Yugoslavia - the Federation ( FRY ), then the Confederate Union ( GSSCH ), which now included the independent states of Montenegro and Serbia .
 Yugoslavia † | |||
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| serbohorv. Cyrus. Јugoslaviaјa serbohorv. lat Jugoslavija | |||
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| Mail History | |||
| Mail exists | since 1918 | ||
| UPU member | from December 24, 1921 | ||
| Post Administration | |||
 Kingdom (State) of the CXC (1918-1929) | until 1920: 1 Serbian dinar = 100 pair (Serbia); 1 Montenegrin perper = 100 pair (Montenegro); 1 kroon = 100 Hellers (Bosnia and Herzegovina); 1 crown = 100 Hellers (Croatia, Slovenia); from 1920: 1 dinar = 100 pair | ||
| Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929-1941) | 1 Yugoslav dinar = 100 pair | ||
 Federated and Federal Yugoslavia (1944-2003) | 1 Yugoslav dinar = 100 pair | ||
| Serbia and Montenegro (2003-2006) | 1 Serbian dinar = 100 pair (in Serbia); 1 euro = 100 euro cents (in Montenegro; from August 2003) | ||
| First postage stamps | |||
| Standard | November 11, 1918 (Sarajevo Directorate), January 16, 1921 (all-Yugoslav) | ||
| Commemorative | November 1, 1929 | ||
| Semi-mail | January 30, 1921 | ||
| Surcharge | December 13, 1918 (Sarajevo Directorate), April 9, 1921 (all-Yugoslav) | ||
| Office | November 1, 1946 | ||
| Newspaper | November 18, 1918 (Zagreb Directorate) | ||
| Airmail | June 15, 1934 | ||
| Beznominalnaya | April 5, 1993 | ||
| Other | custom stamp - June 28, 1933, postal tax stamp - September 17, 1933 | ||
| Post block | September 12, 1937 | ||
| Philately | |||
| Latest issue | June 20, 2006 (Serbia and Montenegro) | ||
Mail Development
On October 20, 1918, Slovenes , Serbs, and Croats residing in Austria-Hungary (in Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Slovenia , Dalmatia , Extreme, southern Styria and Carinthia ) proclaimed the independence of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs . On December 1 of the same year, as a result of the unification of the State of the CXC with Serbia and Montenegro , the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of CXC) was created [1] .
On December 7, 1918, a decree of King Peter I Karageorgievich was issued on the establishment of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs of the Kingdom of the CXC, which was organized in Belgrade on January 5, 1919. On the territory of the state, nine postal and telegraph departments (directorates) were created [2] [3] [4] .
The first line of airmail of the Kingdom of CXC was opened on April 15, 1923 by the flight Belgrade - Venice . On February 15, 1928, the Air Mail Rules came into force. On the same day, a test flight took place Zagreb - Belgrade - Zagreb. On October 9, 1929, the Belgrade-Zagreb- Vienna line opened. On August 20, 1933, the Ljubljana – Zagreb line opened [3] [5] .
On May 12, 1928, the Law "On the carrier pigeons of the Kingdom of the CXC" was adopted. The right to use carrier pigeons belonged exclusively to the Ministry of Army and Navy [3] .
In January 1929, the Kingdom of CXC was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . The organization of mail during this period can be divided into three stages in accordance with the subordination of the postal and telegraph-telephone exchanges (PTT) to one or another ministry:
- from April 3, 1929 to December 12, 1930 - the Ministry of Construction;
- from December 12, 1930 to September 1, 1935 - a department in the Ministry of Transport;
- from September 1, 1935 to April 6, 1941 - the Ministry of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones [2] [3] .
The new "Rules for the Organization of the Ministry of Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones", adopted in 1935, introduced numerous restrictions on women working in the postal and telegraph-telephone departments (PTT). For example, women with university education were forbidden to work in PTT. Of the total number of PTT employees, 25% were women with primary education, 30% - women with secondary education [4] .
At the second session of the Anti-Fascist Assembly of the People's Liberation of Yugoslavia , held in November 1943, it was decided to build a democratic federal state of the Yugoslav peoples after the end of World War II and laid the foundations of the federal structure of the country from 6 republics [1] .
In 1944, it was decided to establish the Main Directorate of Post, Telegraphs and Telephones. On December 14-16 of the same year, the first all-Yugoslav postage stamps were put into circulation. These were overprints of the coat of arms of Yugoslavia and the new name of the Serb state . "Democratic Federation of Yugoslavia" on stamps of 1942-1943 issued in Serbia under the German military administration. In 1945, stamps of original drawings with a portrait of I. B. Tito [1] [3] [6] were published.
On March 7, 1945, the Provisional Government of the DFU restored the Ministry of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones (PTT) as a federal ministry. PTT departments were established in Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Split, Sarajevo, Cetinje , Novi Sad and Skopje [3] .
On November 29, 1945, the Constituent Assembly proclaimed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia . On January 23, 1947, the General Directorate of Posts and the General Directorate of Telegraphs and Telephones were established in the country. On January 1, 1949, the directorates were transformed into the Main Directorate of Postal Communication and the Main Directorate of Telegraph and Telephone Communications. In 1951, by decree of the Presidium of the National Assembly of the People’s Republic of FPRY, the Ministry of Posts was abolished, and its functions were transferred to the newly formed Main Directorate of Posts [3] .
Stamp Issues
After World War I
Stamps with the name of the new state formation - “State of the CXC” - were issued by postal directorates located in Sarajevo , Zagreb and Ljubljana in 1918-1929 [1] .
On November 11, 1918, a series of 16 stamps of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1910 with an overprint of the Serb came into circulation . "Drzhava S.Kh.S. / 1918 / Bosna and Herzegovina " or Horv. “Država SHS / 1918 / Bosna i Hercegovina” , prepared by the Sarajevo Postal Directorate. In February 1919, the Sarajevo Directorate issued a series of 18 stamps of Bosnia and Herzegovina with an overprint of “The Land of S.Kh.S.” or “Kraljevstvo SHS” . In this series there are various typos and variations [1] [6] .
Stamps of the Zagreb Directorate with Hrvatska / SHS overprints on various stamps of Hungary were issued on November 18, 1918 [1] [6] [7] .
The Ljubljana Directorate did not overprint. On January 3, 1919, a series of 8 stamps was issued with an original design known as “ Verigar ” (a slave tearing his shackles) and the inscription “Država SHX / Država SHS” . There are a large number of varieties. In the same year, high denominations of this series with the new name of the state “Kraevina SHS / Kralievina SHS” [1] [6] [8] [9] came out. The Verigar series is officially considered the first postage stamps of Yugoslavia and Slovenia.
In Dalmatia ( Split post office), Austrian stamps without overprints, as well as stamps of the Zagreb and Ljubljana directorates, were in circulation. During the Italian occupation of Dalmatia from May 1921 until the beginning of 1922, Italian stamps with an overprint of the new value and the text Ital were in circulation . "Centesimi di corona" . In 1922, Dalmatia became part of the Kingdom of the CXC [1] [6] .
In 1919, the local military authorities made a number of provisional issues that were not recognized by the central postal service [1] .
On January 16, 1921, standard stamps for the entire Kingdom of the CXC were put into circulation. Portraits of Crown Prince Alexander and King Peter I Karageorgievich were placed on them. Until 1929, only standard and postal-charitable stamps were issued , the first of which came into circulation on January 30, 1921. An additional fee went in favor of the disabled war [1] [6] .
| 1918: Kingdom of the CXC , Zagreb Directorate. Liberated Croatia ” ( Mi # 51) | 1919: the same. Ljubljana directorate. Verigar ( Mi # 102I) | 1921: Kingdom of the CXC. Crown Prince Alexander ( Mi # 150) | 1921: first postal charity Kingdom of the CXC brand ( Mi # 159) |
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
In November 1929, the first series of three commemorative stamps of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was put into circulation in honor of the 1000th anniversary of the Kingdom of Croatia . The following scenes were depicted on the stamps: a basilica on the Duvan field (now the city of Tomislavgrad , Bosnia and Herzegovina), built in memory of the coronation of King Tomislav ; portraits of King Tomislav and King Alexander I Karageorgievich; King Tomislav, sitting on the throne with the attributes of royal power sent by Pope Leo X (copy from an old painting in the Catholic Cathedral in Split). Miniatures were made according to the sketches of Professor Perosh. The cliche was made at the Vienna , and the stamps were printed at the State Printing House in Belgrade . The previous name of the state of Kraљevin srba, Khvat and Slovenian or Kraljevina srba, hrvata i slovenaca [1] [6] [10] is indicated on the stamps.
The first stamps with the new name of the state - Kraljevina Jugoslavija , came into circulation on April 1, 1931. It was a series of three postage-charity stamps, the additional collection of which went to the construction of a monument to the fallen soldiers in Paris . Until 1941, on most issues the name of the state was indicated in Latin script and Cyrillic [1] [6] .
The first postal block came out in September 1937. It was dedicated to the first national philatelic exhibition held in Belgrade [1] [6] .
World War II Occupation
Government of Yugoslavia in exile
After the German attack on Yugoslavia in April 1941, the Yugoslav government moved to London . The government in exile issued in March and December 1943 stamps and a block that were used to pay for correspondence transported on Yugoslav ships. On the stamps of the first series of the government in exile, a portrait of Tsar Peter II Karageorgievich was depicted, in miniatures of the second series - outstanding figures of Yugoslavia. A series of postal-charitable stamps with overprints in favor of the Red Cross was also issued [1] [6] .
Occupied Territories
After the occupation of Yugoslavia by Germany and Italy , its territory was divided into several parts with different statuses. In particular, the Independent State of Croatia , the Kingdom of Montenegro under the protectorate of Italy and Serbia were created, which received the status of an independent state under the German military administration. All these state entities issued their own stamps, which were in circulation until the liberation of these territories [1] .
In 1944, on the territory of Macedonia , previously occupied by Bulgaria , the puppet government of the nationalist Macedonian organization VMRO was created, which also issued its own stamps [1] .
After the surrender of Italy in 1943, the island of Brac from the group of Dalmatian islands was occupied by German troops. In 1944, on the postage and surcharge stamps of Yugoslavia, an overprint was made of the word "Brac" and the face value in Croatian kuna . The circulation amounted to 400 complete series. The validity of this release is doubtful [1] .
Federal and Federal Yugoslavia
On November 29, 1945, the first series of stamps of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was issued, dedicated to the proclamation of this new state entity. However, the name of the state on them remained the same. The first stamps with a new name "F. N. R. Kugoslavija " or " FNR Jugoslavija " came out only in December 1946. They were dedicated to the All-Slavic Congress in Belgrade. The renaming of Yugoslavia in 1963 into the Socialist Federal Republic and in 1992 into the Federal Republic was not reflected on stamps, since since 1955 the name of the state has been written on them as “Yugoslavia / Jugoslavija” [1] [6] .
In April 1993, the first standard non-nominal stamp with the initial letter from the Miroslav Gospel was issued [6] .
The latest stamps with the name of the state of Yugoslavia came out on January 31, 2003 . It was a series of four miniatures dedicated to the protection of animals with the image of abandoned dogs [6] .
Fancy Editions
In April 1965, the post offices of Yugoslavia and Romania jointly issued a series of two stamps and a block dedicated to the construction of a hydroelectric power station in the Iron Gate area on the Danube . The denomination in these miniatures was indicated in Yugoslav and Romanian currencies. This release has been used in both states [1] .
Local issues
In the years 1944-1945, after the liberation of Yugoslavia, local provisories were issued in a number of cities - overprints on stamps of the period of occupation; almost all of them were recognized by the Yugoslav postal service as official issues of the Yugoslav post. Such issues were in Mostar , Sarajevo , Zagreb, Split, Ljubljana, Maribor , Sent and Murska Sobot [1] .
Serbia and Montenegro
On April 3, 2003, two stamps with the new name of the state “Srbija and Crna Gora” or “Srbija i Crna Gora” were issued. They were dedicated to the admission of Serbia and Montenegro to the European Council . The last two stamps with the name of this state dedicated to national parks were published on June 20, 2006, after the end of the existence of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro [6] .
Other Stamps
Airmail
The first airmail stickers of the Kingdom of the CXC appeared in May 1923. They were printed on gray-blue paper without teeth. On the labels the inscription fr. "Poste Aerienne" [5] .
Prior to the introduction of airmail stamps , regular postage stamps were used for airmail. The first airmail stamps of Yugoslavia were released in June 1934. Five miniatures of the series depicted the Rohrbach Ro VIII monoplane over various landscapes. The last airmail stamps of Yugoslavia came into circulation in September 1961 in a series dedicated to the conference of non-aligned countries in Belgrade [1] [6] .
Newspaper
Newspaper stamps were issued by the Zagreb and Ljubljana post offices. The Zagreb Directorate issued the first newspaper stamp - an overprint on the Hungarian stamp, in November 1918 . In January 1919, a newspaper brand of the original drawing was published. The Ljubljana Directorate issued two series of newspaper stamps of the original drawing in May and November 1919. Stamps published in May were printed in Vienna . The miniature depicted the figure of an angel with newspapers [6] [11] .
| Newspaper Stamps | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1918 : Zagreb Directorate ( Mi # 57) | 1919 : the same ( Mi # 98) | 1919: Ljubljana Directorate ( Mi # 113I) |
Paid
Initially, extra stamps were issued by regional postal directorates. The first surcharge stamps of the Sarajevo Postal Directorate were issued in December 1918 . On the surcharge stamps of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1916, an overprint of the text was made in black and red: “Drzhava S. H. S. / Bosna and Herzegovina” or “Država SHS / Bosna i Hercegovina” and the name of the currency unit is “helera” (“helera” ) or “kruna”. In May 1919 another series of surcharge stamps was issued. The stamps of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1900 to 1904 were overprinted with the new name of the state - the Kingdom of the CXC [1] [6] .
| Extra stamps | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 : Sarajevo Directorate ( Mi # 1) | 1918: Zagreb Directorate ( Mi # 33) | 1919 : Ljubljana Directorate ( Mi # 37I) | 1921 : Kingdom of the CXC ( Mi # 56) | 1944 : DFU ( Mi # 74) |
The Zagreb Directorate issued surcharge stamps in November 1918. They were a blue overprint of the text “Hrvatska / SHS” on Hungarian surcharge stamps [1] [6] .
The Ljubljana Directorate issued in March 1919 surcharge stamps of the original drawings, and in July 1920 two series of stamps with overprints [6] .
The Central Post Office issued general Yugoslav surcharge stamps in April 1921 . They were an overprint of the text with red and black PORTO paint and a new face value on unreleased standard stamps with a portrait of Crown Prince Alexander. In November of that year, surcharge stamps of the original drawing were published. The latest surcharge stamps of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia were published in September 1933 . They were withdrawn from circulation in May 1935 [1] [6] .
Re-paid stamps were published in December 1944 by the mail of the DFU. They were an overprint of the text in black ink: “Democratic Federation of the Federal Republic of Bulgaria” on surcharge stamps of Serbia under the German administration. In February 1945, surcharge stamps of original drawings with the coat of arms of the Federal Republic of Finland were issued. Surcharged stamps of Yugoslavia were issued before March 1962 and were withdrawn from circulation on February 15, 1968 [1] [6] .
Stamps for registered letters
In June 1993 and July 2002 the post of Yugoslavia issued stamps for registered letters . They were without a denomination, with the letter "R" [6] .
Post and Tax
The Yugoslav post issued special postal and tax stamps that paid extra for correspondence in certain periods (for example, the Red Cross week, Olympic week, etc.). The collection went to the fund of the relevant organizations. The first such stamp came out in September 1933 and was intended to raise funds for the Red Cross. Since 1977, the Yugoslav post began to issue postal and tax stamps separately for the Union republics. The first series of three regional postal and tax stamps came out in May 1977 . She was dedicated to the Red Cross. Miniatures had the same pattern, differed in color and face value. A stamp with a face value of 0.20 dinar was in circulation in Serbia and Kosovo , 0.50 dinar - in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Vojvodina , 1 dinar - in Croatia , Macedonia , Montenegro and Slovenia .
The latest postal tax stamp was issued in September 1999 . It was dedicated to the week of tuberculosis control [1] [6] [12] .
From September 1933 to May 1963, additional postal and tax stamps were also issued [6] .
Service
In November 1946, the Yugoslav post issued official stamps depicting the coat of arms of the FRNY . Stamps were in circulation until December 31, 1948 . Their remainder was used until December 31, 1951 as postage stamps [1] [6] .
See also
- History of Post and Postage Stamps of Venice-Julia, Istria and Trieste
- History of Post and Postage Stamps Dalmatia
- History of Post and Postage Stamps of Northern Macedonia
- History of Post and Postage Stamps of Serbia
- History of Post and Postage Stamps of Serbian Krajina
- History of Post and Postage Stamps of Slovenia
- History of mail and stamps Fiume
- History of post and postage stamps of Croatia
- History of post and stamps of Montenegro
- Category: Images: Yugoslavian stamps
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Yugoslavia (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) // Philatelic geography. European foreign countries / N. I. Vladinets. - M .: Radio and communications, 1981. - 160 p. (Retrieved October 5, 2010)
- ↑ 1 2 History (Maced.) . For us . Macedonian Post. Date of treatment April 24, 2010. Archived April 24, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hronologija javnog poštanskog saobraćaja u Srbiji od 1840. do 2000. godine (Serbian) (inaccessible link) . Period funkcionisanja Srpske pošte kao javne službe . Pošta Srbije. - Istorijat. Date of treatment April 30, 2010. Archived October 18, 2009.
- ↑ 1 2 The history of the post in Croatia . Hravatska pošta. Date of treatment June 8, 2010. Archived April 24, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Arkhangelsky E. Cataloging stamps of airmail // Rossika. - 1938. - No. 29. - S. 97-103.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 According to information from the Mi catalog.
- ↑
- ↑ Chebotkevich A. Yugoslavia. Slovenian issues // Rossika. - 1931. - No. 5. - S. 12-13.
- ↑
- ↑ Arkhangelsky E. Anniversary stamps in memory of the millennium of the Croatian kingdom // Rossika. - 1930. - No. 1. - S. 3-4.
- ↑ Ivanov N. Slovenia. Year of birth 1991. // Philately. - 1993. - No. 9. - S. 62–63.
- ↑ Owner N. Croatia // Philately. - 1995. - No. 6. - S. 59–61.
Literature
- Lord N. Yugoslavia // Philately of the USSR . - 1983. - No. 11. - S. 26-29.
- Yugoslavia // Philatelic geography (foreign countries): Reference book / L. L. Lepeshinsky. - M .: Communication, 1967. - S. 104-105. - 480 p.
- Yugoslavia // Large Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas, P. F. Mazur, I. N. Merkulov, I. A. Morosanov, Yu. K. Myakota, S A. Panasyan, Yu. M. Rudnikov, M. B. Slutsky, V. A. Jacobs; under the general. ed. N.I. Vladinets and V.A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio and communications, 1988 .-- 320 p. - 40,000 copies. - ISBN 5-256-00175-2 .