The President of the Republic of Korea ( cor. 대한민국 대통령 ? , 大韓民國 大 統領? ) Is the head of state in South Korea , leads the government and is the supreme commander of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Korea . An important feature of the post of President of the Republic of Korea is the inability to be re-elected for a second or subsequent term.
| President of the Republic of Korea | |
|---|---|
| 대한민국 대통령 | |
 Presidential Standard | |
 Position takes Moon jae ying from May 10, 2017 | |
| Leads | Republic of Korea |
| Appeal form | Your Excellency |
| Official residence | Blue house |
| Term of office | 5 years, no more than one term |
| Post has appeared | 1948 |
| First in office | Lee Son Man |
| Site | president.go.kr |
| Portal: Politics |
| The Republic of Korea |
 Series Article |
|
Elections
Last election
As a result of the 2017 elections, Moon Jaein became the President of the country (took office on May 10, 2017, immediately after the official announcement of their results).
Job Diagram
Presidential List
First Republic (1948-1960)
The first republic ( cor. 1 공화국 ) was the first independent government of South Korea to rule the country from 1948 to 1960, and power was transferred from the American military government in Korea , which controlled the territory from 1945 to 1948. The First Republic was founded on August 15, 1948 , led by Lee Sinman as the first president. Like subsequent governments, it claimed sovereignty over the entire Korean peninsula, really possessing power only over the area south of the 38th parallel. The first elections in South Korea were held on May 10, 1948 . The first constitution of the country was promulgated by the first National Assembly on July 17, 1948 . According to it, a political system was created with a strong president elected by the National Assembly.
| Portrait | Name (years of life) | Credentials | The consignment | Elections | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | Ending | ||||||
| one (I — III) | Lee Sungman (1875–1965) box 승만 | July 24, 1948 | August 14, 1952 | National Association | 1948 | He was the first head of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in exile (1919-1925). His presidency was held against the backdrop of the division of Korea into South, pro-American, and North, pro-Soviet, caused by the Korean War and the subsequent tension on the Korean peninsula . He was a tough anti-communist and authoritarian ruler whose rule ended after mass protests caused by falsification of the results of the election of the vice president. | |
| The Liberal Party [one] | |||||||
| August 14, 1952 | August 14, 1956 | 1952 | |||||
| August 14, 1956 | April 27, 1960 | 1956 | |||||
| March 1960 | |||||||
| and about. | Ho John (1896–1988) box 허정 | April 27, 1960 | June 15, 1960 | Democratic Party | During the April Revolution in Korea, on April 25, 1960 was appointed acting prime minister of the country, as a result of which, after resigning from the post of president and fleeing Lee Sungman, he became acting president. | ||
Second Republic (1960-1962)
The second republic ( cor. 2 공화국 ) arose as a result of the April Revolution in Korea . This was the only period in the history of the country with a parliamentary system of government.
After the parliamentary elections held on July 29, 1960 , the Democratic Party was in , who was in opposition during the First Republic, won a majority in a bicameral parliament (the National Assembly was the lower house, and the House of Councilors was the upper). The president was elected by both houses and his role became ceremonial. Real power rested on the prime minister and cabinet, who were elected by the National Assembly. Yoon Boson was elected president on August 13, 1960 .
| Portrait | Name (years of life) | Credentials | The consignment | Elections | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | Ending | ||||||
| and about. | Kwak Sanghun (1896–1980) box 곽상훈 | June 15, 1960 | June 23, 1960 | Democratic Party | During the formation of the Second Republic, he was elected chairman of the National Assembly and became acting president. | ||
| and about. | Ho John (1896–1988) box 허정 | June 23, 1960 | August 7, 1960 | During the formation of the Second Republic, he was appointed prime minister of the country and became acting president. | |||
| and about. | Baek Nakchun (1895–1985) box 백낙준 | August 7, 1960 | August 12, 1960 | During the formation of the Second Republic, he was elected chairman of the National Assembly and became acting president. | |||
| 2 | Yoon Boson (1897–1990) box 윤보선 | August 12, 1960 | March 24, 1962 | August 1960 | After the overthrow of the government of Lee Sungman and the formation of the political system of the Second Republic, he was elected president by both houses of parliament (to win, the candidate needed to get at least two-thirds of the votes of the members of both houses). He carried out a number of liberal reforms, in particular, strengthening the role of parliament in governing the country. After the military revolution on May 16, 1961, he continued to hold the presidency for some time, but was removed on March 24, 1962 . | ||
Supreme Council of National Perestroika (1962-1963)
The Supreme Council of National Perestroika ( cor. 국가 재건 최고 회의 ), originally called the Revolutionary Committee, is the governing body in South Korea in 1961-1963, formed after the military revolution of May 16, 1961 . It was composed mainly of the country's military elite and stood above the government. After the resignation of President Yoon Boson , the head of the Council, Major General , since December 1963, Army General Park Chonghi served as head of state.
It existed before the advent of the Third Republic in 1963.
On December 17, 1962 , a referendum was held on the country's return to the presidential form of government, which was implemented exactly one year later, which marked the beginning of the Third Republic .
| Portrait | Name (years of life) | Credentials | The consignment | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | Ending | |||||
| and about. | major general [2] Pak Jonghi (1917-1979) box 박정희 | March 24, 1962 | December 17, 1963 | Supreme Council of National Restructuring | After the military revolution of May 16, 1961 and the subsequent removal of President, Yun Boson was the de facto head of state as the head of the Supreme Council of National Perestroika , formed mainly from representatives of the military elite. | |
Third Republic (1963-1972)
The third republic ( cor. 3 공화국 ) arose after the country returned to its civilian form of government at the end of the period of its administration by the Supreme Council of National Perestroika , led by Army General Pak Chonghi .
It existed before the entry into force of the Yusin Constitution , which was approved at a referendum on November 21, 1972 and strengthened the system of presidential power.
| Portrait | Name (years of life) | Credentials | The consignment | Elections | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | Ending | ||||||
| 3 (I — III) | Pak Jonghi (1917-1979) box 박정희 | December 17, 1963 | June 30, 1967 | Democratic Republican Party | 1963 | Army General Park Jonghi , head of the Supreme Council of National Perestroika , left active service on August 30, 1963 , created the Democratic Republican Party , with the support of which he won the 1963 election . | |
| July 1, 1967 | June 30, 1971 | 1967 | |||||
| July 1, 1971 | December 26, 1972 | 1971 | |||||
Fourth Republic (1972-1981)
The fourth republic ( cor. 4 공화국 ) arose after the entry into force of the Yusin Constitution , approved by referendum initiated by President Park Jonghi on November 21, 1972 (held under martial law, introduced on October 17, 1972 ), and strengthened presidential power system. Changes to the Constitution, in particular, extended the presidency to six years, provided for the election of the president by an electoral college, gave him the right to dissolve parliament and nominate candidates for its members.
| Portrait | Name (years of life) | Credentials | The consignment | Elections | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | Ending | ||||||
| 3 (IV — V) | Pak Jonghi (1917-1979) box 박정희 | December 27, 1972 | December 26, 1978 | Democratic Republican Party | 1972 | He was elected president on a non-alternative basis in 1972 and 1978 and was in this post until 1979, when he was killed in an assassination attempt. | |
| December 26, 1978 | October 26, 1979 [3] | 1978 | |||||
| and about. | Choi Gyuha (1919–2006) box 최규하 | October 26, 1979 | December 6, 1979 | independent | 1979 | How the Prime Minister began to act as president after the assassination of Park Jonghi . He was soon elected president by an electoral college on an uncontested basis. In April 1980, Chung Duhwan was appointed head of the National Intelligence Agency . After the introduction of martial law in May, Jong Duhwan became the de facto head of the country, and soon officially replaced Choi Guh as president of the country. | |
| four | December 6, 1979 | August 16, 1980 | |||||
| and about. | Pak Chunghun (1919–2001) box 박충훈 | August 16, 1980 | September 1, 1980 | independent | As the Prime Minister began to act as president after the resignation of Choi Guh . Actual power at that time belonged to the head of the Committee on Emergency Measures for the Protection of the State Chon Duhvan . | ||
| five (I) | major general Jung Duhwan (1931–) box 전두환 | September 1, 1980 | February 25, 1981 | Democratic Party for Justice [4] | 1980 | He was elected president on a non-alternative basis after the resignation of Choi Guh . At the time of the election, he was actually the head of state in conditions of martial law as the head of the Committee on Emergency Measures for the Protection of the State. | |
Fifth Republic (1981-1988)
The fifth republic ( cor. 5 공화국 ) arose after the constitutional reform initiated by President Chung Duhwan . At a referendum on October 22, 1980, a draft constitution was approved, providing for indirect presidential elections, a 7-year term for the president, the president’s right to impose a state of emergency and the dissolution of parliament, and the right to finance the ruling party with the state [5] .
In the presidential election held in accordance with the Constitution of 1980 and held on February 25, 1981 , Chon Duhwan won as a candidate from the Democratic Justice Party , receiving over 90% of the vote of the electoral college. This day is considered the beginning of the period of the Fifth Republic.
In June 1987, a massive wave of protests swept across the country. On June 29, a reform program was announced that included direct presidential elections , the lifting of the ban on political activities of a number of politicians, and other measures. The reforms were led by Ro Deu , who later succeeded Jung Duhwan as president. In 1987, direct presidential elections took place , which marked the beginning of the Sixth Republic period after the transfer of power to President-elect Ro Dew.
| Portrait | Name (years of life) | Credentials | The consignment | Elections | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | Ending | ||||||
| five (Ii) | Jung Duhwan (1931–) box 전두환 | February 25, 1981 | February 24, 1988 | Democratic Party for Justice [4] | 1981 | He was elected president on a non-alternative basis after constitutional reform, approved on his initiative in a referendum on October 22, 1980 . | |
Sixth Republic (since 1988)
The Sixth Republic ( Cor. 6 공화국 ) arose after the constitutional reform initiated by President Chung Duhwan as part of the reform program, which included direct presidential elections with five-year terms of office without the right to re-election, the lifting of the ban on political activities of a number of politicians and other measures. At a referendum on October 28, 1987, the draft constitution was approved, according to which direct Presidential elections were held on December 16, 1987 , who led the ongoing reforms, won, which marked the beginning of the Sixth Republic period.
| Portrait | Name (years of life) | Credentials | The consignment | Elections | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | Ending | ||||||
| 6 | Ro Daewoo (1932–) box 노태우 | February 25, 1988 | February 24, 1993 | Democratic Party for Justice | 1987 | Elected president during the first direct alternative election. In 1988, hosted the 24th Summer Olympic Games in Seoul . | |
| Democratic Liberal Party [6] | |||||||
| 7 | Kim yongsam (1927–2015) box 김영삼 | February 25, 1993 | February 24, 1998 | Democratic Liberal Party | 1992 | The first democratic activist to be elected president. He led an anti-corruption campaign, demanding the publication of financial reports of officials and the military. He secured the arrest and conviction of corruption and high treason charges to former presidents Jong Duhwan and Ro Deu . Granted amnesty to thousands of political prisoners. | |
| eight | Kim daejun (1924–2009) box 김대중 | February 25, 1998 | February 24, 2003 | National Congress of New Politicians | 1997 | He developed a policy of interaction with North Korea and became the first president who visited it in 2000 and met with North Korean leader Kim Jong Il in Pyongyang . Winner of the 2000 Nobel Peace Prize [7] . | |
| 9 | But Muhyun (1946–2009) box 노무현 | February 25, 2003 | March 12, 2004 | New Millennium Democratic Party [8] → New party to unite citizens → Uridan [9] | 2002 | In 2004, he was subjected to impeachment by the parliament for a decision to relocate the capital recognized as unconstitutional, but retained office by decision of the Constitutional Court. | |
| и.о. | Ко Гон (1938–) box 고건 | 12 марта 2004 | 14 мая 2004 | В 2004 году во время попытки импичмента президента Но Мухёна , являясь премьер-министром страны, исполнял обязанности президента. | |||
| (9) [10] | Но Мухён (1946–2009) box 노무현 | 14 мая 2004 | 24 февраля 2008 | Продолжил политику взаимодействия с Северной Кореей . | |||
| ten | Ли Мёнбак (1941–) box 이명박 (Цукияма Акихиро [11] ) яп. 月山明博 | 25 февраля 2008 | 24 февраля 2013 | Партия великой страны → Партия новых рубежей [12] | 2007 | Осуществлял более жёсткую политику в отношении Северной Кореи . Растущие конфликты с нею привели к обстрелу и затоплению корвета «Чхонан» . Стал первым президентом, посетившим спорные с Японией острова Лианкур . | |
| eleven | Pak Geunhe (1952–) box 박근혜 | 25 февраля 2013 | 9 декабря 2016 | Партия новых рубежей | 2012 | Первая женщина-президент. В 2016 году подвергнута парламентом импичменту за несоблюдение государственной тайны. Импичмент был подтверждён Конституционным судом 10 марта 2017 года. | |
| и.о. | Hwan gyoang (1957–) box 황교안 | 9 декабря 2016 | 10 мая 2017 | Партия новых рубежей → Свободная Корея [13] | Как премьер-министр страны исполнял обязанности президента после объявления 9 декабря 2016 года парламентом импичмента президенту Пак Кынхе . | ||
| 12 | Moon jain (1953–) box 문재인 | 10 мая 2017 | действующий | Совместная демократическая партия | 2017 | В 2018 году принимал проходившие в Пхёнчхане XXIII зимние Олимпийские игры . | |
See also
- Prime Minister of South Korea
- The rulers of Korea
- Governor General of Korea
Notes
- ↑ The Liberal Party was created in 1951 by President Lee Sinman .
- ↑ Since 1963, Army General .
- ↑ Killed by assassination attempt.
- ↑ 1 2 Name of the Democratic Republican Party since 1979.
- ↑ http://rikonti-khalsivar.narod.ru/Korea43.htm Establishment of the Fifth Republic
- ↑ February 9, 1990 Democratic Party for Justice teamed up with the Democratic Reunification Party and the New Democratic Republican Party to form the Democratic Liberal Party.
- ↑ Victor Pogadaev. Cadres of Nobel laureates are forged in prisons. - " Evening Moscow ", 10/17/2000
- ↑ February 24, 2003 , the National Congress of New Politicians after the accession of the New People’s Party, it became known as the Democratic Party of the New Millennium .
- ↑ In 2003, part of the most loyal to the president members of the Democratic Party of the new millennium left it and formed the New Party to unite citizens , which on October 22 of the same year took the name Uridan .
- ↑ Extension of No Mukhyun’s term.
- ↑ Born in Japan and in childhood bore the Japanese name Tsukiyama Akihiro
- ↑ February 2, 2012 The party of a great country changed its name to the Party of New Frontiers .
- ↑ Party The party of new frontiers on the background of the impeachment to President Park Kunhe on February 8, 2017 changed its name to “Free Korea” .