Dolphin language is a communication system among dolphins .
Content
- 1 Classification
- 2 Dolphin Names
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
- 6 References
Classification
They have about the same levels of sound organization as a person: six, that is, sound, syllable, word, phrase, paragraph, context, have their own dialects [1] .
Dolphin language can be divided into 2 groups:
- Sign language (body language) - various poses, jumps, turns, various swimming methods, signs given by the tail, head, fins.
- The language of sounds (the language itself) is a sound alarm system expressed in the form of sound impulses and ultrasound . Examples of such sounds can be: twittering, buzzing, screeching, rattling, clicking, smacking, creaking , popping, squealing, roaring, screaming, screaming , croaking, whistling.
The most expressive are whistles, of which there are 32 species of dolphins. Each of them can indicate a certain phrase (signals of pain, anxiety, greetings and the invocation cry "to me", etc.). Scientists studied the whistling of dolphins using the Zipf method and got the same slope coefficient as in human languages, that is, the whistle can be recognized as carrying information. Recently, dolphins have discovered about 180 communication signs that try to systematize by compiling a dictionary of communication of these mammals. Presumably, the dolphin language is sound-graphic, and part of the transmitted signals are analogs of the echo signals received by dolphins from various objects. [2]
It is believed that the vocabulary of dolphins reaches up to 14,000 [3] sound signals. Many of these signals emitted at ultrasonic frequencies are inaccessible to human hearing [4] .
However, despite numerous studies, it has not yet been possible to fully decipher the dolphin language [5] [6] .
Dolphin Names
Each dolphin has its own name , to which it responds when relatives call it. This conclusion was made by American scientists whose research results were published in the Bulletin of the US National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) [7] . Moreover, experts who conducted their experiments in the US state of Florida found that the name is given to the dolphin even at birth and is a characteristic whistle.
Scientists caught 14 light gray bottlenose dolphins in nets and recorded various sounds made by these mammals in the process of their communication with each other. Then, using a computer, “names” were extracted from the records. When the name was “played” for the pack, a specific individual responded to it. The “name” of the dolphin is a characteristic whistle, the average duration of which is 0.9 seconds [8] .
See also
- Evans and Bastian's dolphin language detection experiments
- Whale songs
- Talking animals
- Ketology
Notes
- ↑ Russian scientists are trying to solve the riddles of dolphins // Voice of Russia
- ↑ We Are Not Alone: Discovering the Dolphin Language - Research - All About Dolphins
- ↑ Lukashanets et al., 2017 , p. 174.
- ↑ Elena Subbotina. Dolphins have names . Russian newspaper (July 24, 2013). Date of treatment May 17, 2019. Archived July 26, 2013.
- ↑ N.L. Krushinskaya, T. Yu. Lisitsyna. “Characteristic features of the conditioned reflex activity of dolphins”
- ↑ AIF.ru: “Dolphins - batteries?” (Interview with Dr. B.M. Belkovich)
- ↑ BBC News: “Dolphins 'have their own names'”
- ↑ PNAS.org // V. M. Janik, L. S. Sayigh, and R. S. Wells. "Signature whistle shape conveys identity information to bottlenose dolphins"
Literature
- YES. Lukashanets, O.Ch. Mazur, S.S. Ivinskaya. Vertebrates / Mammals // Animals . - 1st ed. - M .: Eksmo , 2017 .-- 224 p. - (Big modern encyclopedia). - ISBN 978-5-699-89959-3 , UDC 591 (031), LBC 28.69ya2.