Chernyansky district

Chernyansky district is located in the north-eastern part of the Belgorod region.

Borders:

• in the north - with Starooskolsky ;
• in the west - with Korochansky ;
• in the south - with Novooskolsky ;
• in the northwest - with Gubkinsky ;
• in the east - with the Krasnensky districts of the region.

The area of ​​the district is 1227 km².

The Oskol , Khalanka , Olshanka , Orlik and Kholok rivers flow through the district.

The territory of the modern Chernyansky district was inhabited in the 16th-17th centuries mainly by Ukrainian immigrants from eastern Chernigov, Poltava and Slobozhans of the Right Bank of Ukraine, but the first immigrants were Russian people from modern Oryol and Tula regions.

The first villages according to the list from the patrol and boundary book of the city of Oskol in 1615 were the Russian villages of Khalan ( Russian Khalan ) on the Oskol river, the mouth of the Khalani river (Probably this is the Red Island, not Russian Khalan, it was the Red Island that was located on the Oskol river at the mouth of the river Khalani on maps of 1785.), the village of Kobylnaya (Kovyleno) on the river Khalani, the village of Olshanets ( Zakharovo ) on the river Olshanets, the village of Yablonovoye (Voskresenovka) on the river Orlik, the village of Sarayev Polyana or Zavalishina (Zavalishino), the repair of Fateev or Olpeev (Alpeevka), village Khmelevaya (Starokhmelevoe), village Volko and (Volkova) fixes Mokrischev (now at this point Zarechnoe Farm) at Oskol river estuary river Olshantsa (Olshanka), d. Komorentseva (Komarevtsevo) on the river Dubna d. Outer Olshanitsa (Petropavlivka) and Prilepa.

In the first half of the 17th century, Ukrainian peasants who fled from the oppression of Polish magnates and gentry began to settle on the southwestern outskirts of the Russian state. Many of them were engaged in handicrafts: leather dressing, the manufacture of tar. The remains of the Ukrainian language, which is used by the population in oral speech, testify to the settlements of Ukrainians in our territory.

After the conclusion of the Brest Peace in 1918, the demarcation line passed north of the Novooskolsky uyezd and the Chernyanskaya volost was included in the Zemstvo center of Ostrogozhsk, the land of the Don region , Ukrainian People’s Republic (UR) . ^[3] , and in 1919 the volost became part of the Kharkov province , the Ukrainian state of Hetman Skoropadsky . After the overthrow of Skoropadsky as part of the White (FYRF), the military-territorial unit of the administrative division of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia was occupied by the Volunteer Army .

The district was formed on July 30, 1928 as part of the Ostrogozhsky District of the Central Black Earth Region (since 1929 - as part of the Starooskolsky District ). It included the territories of two volosts of Chernyanskaya and Volotovskaya of the former Starooskolsky district . In 1931, the area of ​​the district was 1188 km ², 45 village councils, 100 settlements.

From 1923 to 1933, the state policy of Ukrainization was carried out in the Central Black Earth Region, where more than 1,500,000 Ukrainians lived. Ukrainization implied the study and application of the Ukrainian language in everyday life, at school and in the public service of the Ukrainian language in those areas where more than 50% of Ukrainians lived, Chernyansky district together with Alekseevsky, Veidelevsky, Velikomikhaylovsky (Novooskolsky), Volokonovsky, Graivoronsky, Rakityansky, Rivne, Nikitovsky ( Krasnogvardeisky), Budyonnovsky (Krasnogvardeisky) was subject to full Ukrainization. In the Chernyansky district, those villages (settlements and hamlets) that spoke the Ukrainian language (Chernyanka, Olshanka, Orlik, Kholki, Malotroitskoye, Volokonovka, Morkvino, Raevka, Voskresenskaya (v. Voskresenovka) Maslovka (village Ezdochnoe), New Maslovka (village of Novomaslovka), Stanovaya (village of Stanovoye), Petropavlovka, Sukhaya Olshanka and the Great Farm (the village of Bolshoy), Maly, Alexandret (Borodin), Baklanov (Baklanovka), Slavyanka, Petrovsky, Andreevsky (Andreevka), Dirty Potudan (Novorechye), Lubyany (s. Lubyanoe), Orekhova Yaruga (Babanino), Tr Oitsky (Khitrovo), Novoselovka, Aleksandrovsky (Aleksandrovka), Yablonov (s. Yablonovo), Alpeevka and Krasny Ostrov, a total of 14 settlements and 16 farms). The following regions were subject to partial Ukrainization: Belgorod, Bolsheroroitsky (Shebekinsky), Valuysky, Korochansky, Novooskolsky, Prokhorovsky, Skorodnyansky (Gubkinsky), Tomarovsky (Yakovlevsky), Urazovsky (Valuysky), Shebekinsky.

From January 1, 1933, office work in all district and rural organizations was translated from Ukrainian into Russian. By the autumn of 1933, Borisov and Volokonovsky Ukrainian pedagogical schools were liquidated, and soon the Belgorod Ukrainian Pedagogical Institute. The regional newspaper “Leninsky Shlyah”, which was published in Ukrainian, was closed, and all Ukrainian regional newspapers switched to Russian ^[4] .

On June 13, 1934, after the separation of the Central Black Earth Region, the Chernyansky District became part of the Kursk Region . In 1938, the number of village councils was 30.

The Great Patriotic War

On July 2, 1942, troops of Nazi Germany entered Chernyanka (these were mainly Magyars ). From September to November 1942, 994 people were hijacked by the Nazis to work in Germany from the Chernyansky District ^[5] . During the occupation in 1942 - 1943, 49 civilians died on the territory of the Chernyansky district ^[6] . When retreating from the Chernyansky district, German-Magyar military units stole 200 prisoners of war of the Red Army and 160 people of Soviet patriots in a concentration camp. On the way, the Nazis closed all these 360 ​​people in the school building, doused with gasoline and lit them. Those who tried to escape were shot ^{[7] [8]} . The troops of the Voronezh Front were liberated from Chernyanka from the Germans by the Voronezh-Kastornensky operation on January 29, 1943.

January 6, 1954 Chernyansky district became part of the newly formed Belgorod region . In 1959, the area of ​​the district was 1070 km², the number of s / s - 14.

Since January 1, 2006, in accordance with the Law of the Belgorod Region dated December 20, 2004 No. 159 ^{[9], the} municipality Chernyansky District has been granted the status of a municipal district. On the territory of the district 16 municipalities were formed: 1 urban and 15 rural settlements.

Urbanization

In urban conditions (urban village Chernyanka ), 47.51% of the population of the region live.

Ethnic composition

The official language of the region is Russian . The communication language in the district is mainly mixed, Russian-Ukrainian ( surzhik ).

According to the census of 1760, 69.6% of Ukrainians and 30% of Russians lived in Novooskolsky uyezd ^[20] ..

In 1850, 60,044 or 58.9% of Ukrainians and 41,888 or 41.1% of Russians lived in Novooskolsky uyezd.

In 1897, according to the census in Novooskolsky Uyezd (Chernyansky district was part of Novooskolsky Uyezd), there were Russians - 44% and Ukrainians - 56% ^[21] .

In 1920, the proportion of Ukrainians in Novooskolsky district ranged from 60 to 80% in volosts ^[22] .

In Chernyanskaya volost in 1926, 67.7% of Ukrainians and 32.1% of Russians lived.

In 1931, 57.0% of Ukrainians and 42.9% of Russians lived in Chernyansky District ^[23] ..

In 1989, according to the census, 2.4% of Ukrainians and 97.5% of Russians lived ^[24] ..

The Chernyansky district as a municipality with the status of a municipal district includes 16 municipalities , including 1 urban and 15 rural settlements :

Settlements

In Chernyansky district 57 settlements.

Населённые пункты с населением более 1000 жителей в 1877 г. ^[26] .

Населённые пункты с населением более 1000 жителей в 1897 г.

Глава района — Председатель Муниципального совета Чернянского района — М. В. Чуб.
Глава администрации Чернянского района — Т. П. Круглякова.

Основные предприятия района относятся к перерабатывающей промышленности. Крупнейшими из них являются:

• ЗАО «Рус агро»
• ЗАО «Чернянский мясокомбинат»
• ЗАО «Завод растительных масел»

На территории района находятся 14 акционерных обществ, производящих сельскохозяйственную продукцию. Действуют 52 малых предприятия.

In the village Chernyanka has a House of Pioneers and Schoolchildren, located almost on the territory of Plant Oil Plant CJSC, Cosmos Cinema (usually two sessions 18:30 and 21:00 every day or performances by touring groups). The Culture House has already been completed, where Chernyants are happy meet guests on tour; on Saturdays there are discos with the latest sound and lighting equipment, a local history museum located in a historical building - an architectural monument of the late 19th century - the house of the merchant D.N.

In the village of Kholki on the territory of the Kholkovsky settlement, there is an underground Kholkovsky monastery .

Heroes of the Soviet Union ^[27]

• Zhuchenko, Pavel Danilovich - was born in the settlement Chernyanka.
• Ivlev, Dmitry Danilovich - was born in the village of Prilepy .
• Marinchenko, Nikolai Danilovich - was born in the settlement Chernyanka.
• Petrenko, Nikolay Antonovich - was born in the settlement Chernyanka.
• Timonov, Fedor Trofimovich - was born in the village of Russian Khalan.
• Fedorov, Ivan Andreevich - was born in the settlement of Morkvino.

Heroes of Socialist Labor ^[28]

• Gusakov, Dmitry Mikhailovich - was born in Baklanovka farm.
• Shaulskaya, Nina Savelievna - was born in the settlement of New Maslovka.

Full Knights of the Order of Glory ^[27]

• Bogatyryov, Yakov Vasilievich - was born in the village of Olshanka .

Other

• Markov, Alexander Vladimirovich - astrophysicist, doctor of mathematical sciences. Born in the village of Chernyanka. He worked in the field of photometry, instrumentation and planetary physics, the study of celestial objects, primarily the moon. The author of 70 scientific papers. His name is called the crater on the moon .

• Flag of Chernyansky district
• Kholkovskoe settlement
• Kholkovsky monastery
• Administrative division of the Belgorod region

• Official site of the Administration of Chernyansky district
• Administration of the Belgorod region
• Chernyansky district
• Site of the Malotroitsky rural settlement
• Atlas of the Ukrainian language. Kiev 2001