“ Vikramorvashi ” ( Vikramōrvaśīyam IAST , Sanskrit. विक्रमोर्वशीयम् “The courage found by Urvashi”) [1] is a Sanskrit medieval play by the great Indian poet and playwright Kalidasa . Describes the Puranic love story of King Pururavasa to an Apsara named Urvasi . “Vikram” in the title of the play is Chandragupta , who took the title “Vikramaditya”, meaning “valiant as the Sun” - this name was chosen by the author to indicate how Chandragupta was reflected in Pururavas.
Pururavas falls in love with apsara Urvashi, who, writing a love letter to his mortal beloved on birch bark, returns to the heavenly planets with the aim of playing there in a theatrical production. During the performance, Urvashi, absorbed in thoughts of his beloved, is forgotten and casually says his name. As a punishment for a disrupted performance, Urvashi is expelled from the heavenly planets and at the same time curses her that she will return at the very moment when her lover will cast his gaze on his son, born from Urvashi. After a series of adventures, Urvashi is eventually freed from the curse imposed on her and remains with her lover on earth.
In 1830, the drama was published in Calcutta . In 1833 R. H. Lenz in Berlin was printed the text of the drama with a Latin translation and commentary. The critical edition with the German translation was carried out by F. Bollenzen . It was published by him in 1846 in St. Petersburg . In 1886, D.S. Merezhkovsky, based on the drama, wrote the poem Orvasi. Later, V. F. Miller translated the first act of the drama from Sanskrit and wrote a preface to it. In 1954, the Indian director Modhu Bos (1900-1969) shot the film Vikramorvashi.
Literature
- Vikramorvasi: a drama. With a commentary of the Pracrit passages. Calcutta, 1830, 8vo, pp.122.
- Urvasia, fabula Calidasi. Textum sanscritum ed., Interpretationem latinam et notas illustrantes adiecit Robertus Lenz. Berolini, 1833. XXV, 241 p.
- D, das ist Urwasi, der Preis der Tapferkeit, ein Drama Kalidasa's in fünf Akten ... Hrsg., Übers. und erläut. von F.Bollensen. St.-Petersburg, 1846. XVII, 608, 88 S.
- Orvasi. [From Kalidasa], [Poem] D. Merezhkovsky. // "Northern Messenger", St. Petersburg., 1886, № 8. Dep. I, pp. 1552-158.
- Vikramorvashi. Drama. [Step 1]. Per. from Sanskrit and foreword. V. Miller. In: Fraternal Assistance to Armenians Affected in Turkey. Ed. 2nd, reworked. and add. M., 1898. P.373-384.
- Kalidasa Dramas Per. K. Balmont, the entry. S.F. Oldenburg. M., 1916.
- The courage conquered by Urvasi. In: Kalidasa. Dramas and poems. Per. from Sanskrit. Per. S. Lipkina . Subscript trans. article notes B. Zakharyin. M., “Art. Lit.”, 1974. S. 99-181.
- Bongard-Levin G. Balmont - translator Kalidasy. In: Life of the Buddha / Ashvaghosha. Drama / Kalidasa; Per. K. Balmont; Introductory article, essays, scientific. ed. G. Bongard-Levin. - M .: Art. lit., 1990. - P.551-568.
- Montgomery Schuyler, Jr. Bibliography of Mālavikāgnimitra and Vikramorvaçī // Journal of the American Oriental Society Vol. 23, 1902, p. 93-101
Notes
- ↑ Basham, AL (1981). The Wonder that was India , Calcutta: Rupa, p.437
Links
- Vikramorvasi // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.