Ectatomminae

Pantropic range.

Antennae of workers and females are 12-segmented, while in males they consist of 13 segments. The hind legs of the hind legs with one simple spur, or it is missing (the subfamily has 2 spurs). The pedicle between the breast and the belly consists of one segment ( petiol ). An obvious constriction between the 3rd and 4th abdominal segments (analogue of postpetiolya Miramycin ) is developed. The sting is well developed ^[1] .

A primitive social organization is characteristic ^{[2] [3]} . However, in some species, age-related polytheism (division of labor of workers) is encountered, for example, in some members of the genus Ectatomma , such as Ectatomma tuberculatum ^[2] , Ectatomma brunneum (quadridens) ^[4] , Ectatomma planidens and Ectatomma opaciventre ^[5] . The number of families of ectatomine ants varies from a few dozen ants to several hundred individuals (for example, in Ectatomma tuberculatum ) ^[6] .

In Ectatomma tuberculatum , facultative polygyny was found: of the 130 anthills studied, only 39.2% were monogynous (with a single uterus), while 43.8% were polyginous. Polygynous colonies contained a much larger number of working ants than monogynous ones. The number of queens in polygynous families varies from 2 to 26, with an average of 4 ± 4 uterus per family. All nestmate queens born in this nest were egg-laying without a hierarchy of dominance and no aggressive behavior. Non-nestmate queens taken from the outside were adapted by monogynous families, which indicates the development of secondary polygyny based on the adoption of foreign females ^[6] . Other representatives of the Ectatomminae subfamily include polygynous species such as Ectatomma permagnum (Paiva and Brandão, 1989) ^[7] , Ectatomma ruidum (Lachaud et al., 1999) ^[8] , and Gnamptogenys striatula (Blatrix and Jaisson, 2001) ^[9] , and ant colonies of the genus Rhytidoponera contain several fertilized workers known as gamergates ^[6] .

Ants Ectatomma brunneum (quadridens) found frequent change of nests. Of the 35 investigated E. nigra brunneum anthills, 24 changed their location within three months ^[4] .

Earthen mounds, at Ectatomma vizottoi reach a depth of more than 3 m and contain several cameras (from 3 to 10 ^[10] ). On the whole, the nest architecture is simple with an irregular system of tunnels and chambers ( Ectatomma opaciventre , Ectatomma edentatum ) ^[11] . The Ectatomma brunneum nests are located at a depth of 3 to 89 cm (maximum up to 103.5) and include from 2 to 8 round or oval shaped chambers with a common nested entrance with a diameter of up to 0.45 cm (0.1 to 0.5). Their families include 16 to 116 adults. The number of preimaginal stages is maximum (in December) 389 larvae and 14 cocoons ^[12] . The tunnels connecting the chambers are 1.0 ± 0.1 cm in diameter. The researchers found no positive correlation between the volume of the camera and its depth. Ectatomma brunneum is found in a variety of open biotopes, including those modified by humans, for example, on plantations, pastures, lawns, roads, and deforestation; they hunt small arthropods and visit out-flowered nectaries ^[11] .

Includes primitive modern ants. Only about 250 species. According to Bolton (2003), who established this subfamily, are members of the Poneromorph subfamilies Pronoromorphic ants ( Amblyoponinae , Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae , Paraponerinae , Ponerinae , Proceratiinae ). Earlier, they were considered in the status of the tribe Ectatommini in the subfamily Ponerinae . Ectatomminae in a broad sense (Lattke, 1994) also included the tribes Paraponerini ( Paraponera ), Proceratiini for the genera Proceratium and Discothyrea , and Ectatommini itself ( Ectatomma , Rhytidoponera , Gnamptogenys , Heteroponera and Acanthoponera ), and they did n’t make a figure , and they did n’t see a figure ^;

Birth List

• Tribe Ectatommini Emery, 1895
  • Ectatomma Smith, 1858 - 15 species
  • † Electroponera Wheeler, 1915 - Fossil Genus
  • Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863 - 140 species
  • † Pseudectatomma Dlussky & Wedman, 2012
  • Rhytidoponera Mayr, 1862 - 105 species

• Tribe Typhlomyrmecini Emery 1911
  • Typhlomyrmex Mayr, 1862 - 6 species

• incertae sedis
  • † Canapone Dlussky, 1999 - Fossil Genus
  • † Syntaphus - fossil genus

Data for species Ectatomma tuberculatum :

Genome : 0.71 pg (C value) ^{[14] [15]}

•  

  Ectatomma edentatum

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  Gnamptogenys triangularis

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  Rhytidoponera metallica

•  

  Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi

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  Ectatomma tuberculatum

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  Gnamptogenys striatula

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  Rhytidoponera metallica

•  

  Typhlomyrmex rogenhoferi

• Bolton B. ( 1995 ). Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
• Bolton B. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae (English) // Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. - Gainesville, FL: American Entomological Institute, 2003. - Vol. 71 - P. 1-370 (45, 172) . - ISBN 1-887988-15-7 .
• Brown Jr., WL (1958). Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Ii. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 118: 175-362.

• Poneromorphic ants