Serbulia

• in 1493 , the Zeta voivode Georgy I Chernoyevich founded the printing house in Cetinje , was run by hieromonk Makariy “from Montenegro”; in 1494 the first half of the Oktoikha (the so-called Oktoikh the First-Announcer) was published there, in 1495 the second half (the Oktoih Five-Anniversary) began to be printed, but this publication was probably not completed due to Turkish aggression: only fragments of the first six notebooks of the book are known; in 1495, the Psalter with Examination was published; about 1496 - “The Trebnik ” (“Prayer Book”); then the printing house ceased to exist, and Macarius went to Romania (probably in Targoviste ); there is an opinion that the Four Gospels were printed in the same printing house, but this seems to be a myth;

• Bozidar from Gorazde founded the Serbian printing house in Venice , in which his sons worked - the Mileshevsky monks Juraj and Theodor Lubavici; in 1519 they published the “ Servant ”, then the printing house was moved to Gorazde ( Herzegovina ), “at the church of St. vmch St. George, on the Drina River, where the Psalter ( 1521 ) and then the Trebnik were published; in 1523 , Dmitry Lyubavich, the grandson of Bozidar, transferred the printing house to the Romanian Targovishte;

• in Venice from 1520 to 1597 a printing company founded by Bozhidar Vukovich from Podgorica worked; during his lifetime 9 books were published, and the printers were the monk Pakhomiy “from Montenegro ”, hieromonk Moses “from the Serbian land”, monks Theodosius and Gennady from the monastery of St. Savva in Mileshev, Hierodeacon Moses of Decan ; in particular, the Psalter ( 1520 ), Liturgyar ( 1520 ), and the Prayer Book ( 1521 ; contained the alphabet and is considered the first book published “for the people”), and the second edition of the Prayer Book ( 1536 ) were published there. ), “Cathedral” or “ Holiday Minea ” ( 1536 - 1538 ), “The Five-Anniversary of the Oktoh” ( 1537 ), “Trebnik” ( 1538 - 1540 ; reprint with changes to the edition of 1496 ); after Bozidar’s death, the printing house was inherited by his son Vitsenzo, who himself repeated some of his father’s editions (Psalter with Examination 1546 , Collection 1546 , Servant 1554 , Collection 1560 , Psalter 1561 ), and then rented it Jacob "from the Stone River at Kyustendil " and printed in 1566 "Collection"; in this printing house in 1568 published one book by Stefan Marinovich (according to other sources - Stefan Marinkovich, in 1561 , and the book was “ Lenten Triode ”) (and he printed another book in 1563 in another printing house, in Skadar , with a mention in the afterword “maestro” Camilo Zaneti); then this printing house was owned by the Venetian printer Giovanni Antonio Rampaceto (or Rampaceta), under which the works of Hieromonk Savva from Decani published the “Collection” and in 1597 two editions of the first Serbian Slavic primer ;

• in 1569 - 1638 another Serbian printing house worked in Venice; it was founded by Jerolim (Jerome) Zagurovich from Kotor , and it was ruled by Yakov Traykov (or Kraikov) “from Sofia ”; there, in 1569–1570 , the Trebnik (Prayer Book) and the Psalter with Examination were published, followed by The Servant (reprint from the 1554 edition) and The Oktoikh Pyatiglasnik (reprint from the 1537 edition); the last owner of this printing house was Bartolo Ginami (Bartholomew Ginami), who repeated the edition of the Psalms with Examination in 1638 - where for the first time in the Orthodox Cyrillic book publishing he used the title page (though it only had the title “Psalter Daw (i) d (o ) v ”without any decorations) and pagination in Arabic numerals ;

• in 1537 , Hieromonk Theodosius published the famous “Ruyan Gospel ” in wooden letters;

• in 1539 , the “Oktoih Pyatiglasnik” was published under Metropolitan Nikobor of Novobrodsky in the Monastery of Gracanica; the printer was Christ Slave Demetrius from the family of the above-mentioned Lubavitchers from Gorazde;

• in 1544 , hieromonk Mardarius and Theodore printed the Psalter in Venice at the Mileshevo Monastery, with letters purchased in Venice, and in 1545 deacon Damian and Milan printed The Trebnik; later, in 1557 , the “Psalter” was printed by the letters of production of the monastery itself;

• in 1562 , Hieromonk Mardarius published the “Gospel” in the Mrksha Church near Koserich, and in 1566 - “ Color Triode ”;

• earlier, in 1552 , Mardarius printed the Gospel in Belgrade in a printing house founded by Prince Radisha Dmitrovich (after whose death it was run by Traian Gundulich from Dubrovnik ).

So, the last serbula was published in 1638 , and at this the Orthodox Serbian book publishing was interrupted for almost a century. The books continued to be handwritten for some time, but gradually the Serbian branch of the Church Slavonic language died out, being supplanted by more accessible books of the Russian edition of the Moscow and Kiev editions. Resumed Serbian typography in secular books, which was resumed in the 18th century, switched to the Slavic-Serbian language (which, in turn, gave way to the Serbian language in the 19th century ), and church books have since been printed almost in the same form as Russian.

• Petar Öorђiћ. History ј srpske Ћirilice. - Beograd: Plant for the published ubenik SR Srbiјe, 1971.
• Zagorka Dance Naslovna country srpske stamped kige. - Beograd: Museum of Appropriateness, 1965.
• E. L. Nemirovsky. The history of Slavic typography of the XV - beginning of the XVII century. Book 2: The beginning of typography among the southern Slavs. Part 2: Editions of the first Montenegrin printing house. - M .: "Science", 2005. - ISBN 5-02-033223-2 .