Endo ethnonym

The self-name , or endo-ethnonym (from other Greek. Έ̓νδον “inside, at home” + έ̓θνος “people, tribe” + ὄνυμα “name”), is the name of the people that it appropriates to itself ^[1] . Often, self-names are fundamentally different from how an ethnic group is defined in scientific literature or in the surrounding society. For example, Basques call themselves "euskaldunak" ( Basque. Euskaldunak ), Hungarians - "fashion" ( Hungarian magyarok ), Armenians - "hayer" ( Armenian арм այեր ), Jews - "yehudim" ( Hebrew יהודים ), Finns - “Suomalaiset” ( Fin. Suomalaiset ), etc. The external names of peoples to which endo-ethnonyms are opposed are called exo- ethnonyms .

An endonym is a “local name”, the name of a geographical object adopted by the local population in its language ^[2] . (For independent use of this term - pay attention to the note ). The use of the term endonym as a synonym for endoethnonym is widespread. The endonym is opposed to the exonym ( dr. Greek ἔξω “outside”) - the name used by external communities.

Auto-ethnonym (from other Greek. Αὐτός “himself, he” + έ̓θνος “people, tribe” + ὄνυμα “name”.) - literally “self-name of the people” .

But “autonym” is “the real name of the author, writing under a pseudonym, ” and not “self-name,” as you might think. That is how until recently all dictionaries defined it ^[3] . However, in some recent editions of the dictionaries of foreign words there is a second meaning: “name, symbol or sign used to designate oneself” ^[4] . There are linguistic publications in which the term autonym is used in this second meaning for the phenomenon when words designate themselves ^[5] :

For example , in the phrase “say yes or no, ” the words yes and no are autonyms , because they denote themselves and not affirmation or denial .

In addition, in the English Wiktionary , for English. autonym is (unsupported AI ) ^{[6] a} definition that makes it a complete synonym for endoethnonym ^[7] . In this sense, this term is used in some English-language articles, and through translations, due to the effect of “ false friends of the translator ” it gets into the Russian language ^[8] . The facts of independent use of the term autonym in the meaning of self-name in the Russian-language Internet have also been noted ^[9] .

The last (English) value is actually antonymic to the first, denoting "name chosen independently", and the pseudonym , which is opposed to the antonym in the first meaning, is exactly that name.

In fact, all of the Greek- language terms listed are recent neoplasms; there is insufficient data on the depth of their penetration into popular and scientific vocabulary . For some words related to them, an endotoponym (in the above meaning an endonym ) and an exotoponym - only single uses are recorded in the Russian-speaking Internet ^[9] .