The Count of Monte Cristo ( French: Le Comte de Monte-Cristo ) is an adventure novel by Alexander Dumas , a classic of French literature, written in 1844-1846.
| Count of Monte Cristo | |
|---|---|
| Le comte de monte-cristo | |
| Genre | historical novel , adventure novel |
| Author | Alexander Dumas father |
| Original language | French |
| Date of writing | 1844 - 1846 |
| Date of first publication | 1844 - 1846 |
Creation History
The novel was conceived by Dumas in the early 1840s. The writer came up with a name for his hero during a trip to the Mediterranean Sea , when he saw Montecristo Island and heard the legend of the countless treasures buried there. The novel takes place in 1815-1829 and 1838.
The first edition was published in separate issues in the journal Journal des Debats from August 28, 1844 to January 15, 1846. Even before the end of the journal publication, the first book edition was published: Paris, Petion, 8vo., 18th century, 1844-1845 [1] .
The success of the novel "The Count of Monte Cristo" exceeded all previous works of the writer. It was at that time one of the greatest successes of any novel in France. Based on the novel, performances were staged in theaters. Earnings allowed Alexander Dumas to build a country villa in addition to the house. He called the chic palace “Monte Cristo Castle”, and he himself began to lead a wasteful life worthy of his hero.
Story
Imprisonment
The protagonist of the novel is the Marseille sailor Edmond Dantes from the ship "Pharaoh". During one of the flights, he went to Elba Island, where he met with Marshal Bertrand (later said to be with Murat ), who instructs him to deliver a letter to Paris . This Edmond fulfills the last will of the captain of the "Pharaoh" who died shortly before this.
Upon arrival in Marseille, the ship's owner Morrell wants to appoint Dantes as captain, and Edmond himself is going to marry Mercedes, a resident of the neighboring fishing village of Catalana.
However, her cousin Fernan also wants to marry Mercedes, and the accountant from the Pharaoh Danglar envies Dantes, who they want to make the captain of the ship Pharaoh. Both of them and Dantes’s neighbor, the tailor Kadruss, meet in a tavern where Danglars has a plan to inform Edmond that he is a Bonapartist agent. He writes with his left hand an anonymous letter to the royal prosecutor, but Kadruss is against slander. Danglar claims that this is a joke, but, knowing that Fernand is in love with Mercedes, he does not destroy, but throws the denunciation into a corner. Fernan, driven to despair by the words of Danglars, decides to eliminate the enemy and delivers a letter to the post office.
Dantes is arrested during his betrothal with Mercedes. Kadruss sees and understands everything, but he is silent, because he is afraid to be involved in political affairs. Dantes is brought to the assistant of the royal prosecutor Villefort, who is trying to be honest in the conduct of business. Having convinced Dantes of the innocence, he is about to release the arrested person, but then he finds out that the person to whom Dantes was supposed to deliver the letter is his father, Bonapartist Noartier. Villefort understands that this fact, become known, can ruin his career - and decides to sacrifice Edmond in this situation. He burns a letter, and Dantes, without trial, sends to imprisonment in the castle of If . Villefort himself hurries to Paris and warns Louis XVIII of the impending coup.
Edmond Dantes, after several years in prison, decides to commit suicide and begins throwing food out the window. But a few days later, almost at his death, he suddenly hears strange tapping near his cell. Dantes begins to dig a counter dig and gets acquainted with Abbot Faria - an Italian scientist-clergyman who is considered crazy because he constantly talks about the existence of a multi-million treasure, the location of which is known only to him. The personality of Abbot Faria makes a great impression on Dantes. This man, already very old, is full of love for life and hope. He constantly works, even while imprisoned, writes scientific papers, makes tools, and tirelessly prepares an escape. After hearing the story of a young man, Faria restores the course of events and reveals to Dantes the reason and the perpetrators of his conclusion. Then Dantes makes a terrible oath to take revenge on his enemies. He asks the abbot to become his teacher in science and a mentor in life.
The main characters of 1815
Jailbreak
Edmond Dantes and Abbot Faria are preparing to escape together. But, when everything is ready, Faria has a seizure, as a result of which paralysis affects his right side of his body. Dantes refuses to run alone and remains with the abbot. Both find solace in daily communication, and the abbot continues to teach Edmond the sciences and foreign languages. In addition, Faria reveals to him the secret of the treasure buried on the island of Monte Cristo . Faria discovered this secret by serving as a librarian with a descendant of Cardinal Spud, who hid his wealth from the greed of Pope Alexander VI and his son Caesar Borgia .
After another seizure, the abbot dies. Overseers sew up the deceased in a bag, intending to bury in the evening. Dantes, who came to say goodbye to the deceased friend, is enlightened by the idea - he transfers the abbot's body to his cell, and takes his place (struts, and then sewing the bag with the tools made by the abbot). Like a dead man they throw him into the sea. He hardly gets out of the bag and swims to the neighboring island. In the morning, local smugglers pick him up. Dantes made friends with his new comrades, and the captain rated him as a skilled sailor. Once free, Dantes discovers that he has been in prison for 14 years.
Monte Cristo Island is uninhabited, and smugglers use it as a transit point. Dantes, pretending to be sick, remains on the island, where he finds a treasure.
Return
Dantes, having become rich, did not forget those who did him good. To the smuggling comrades, he said that he had received an inheritance, and generously rewarded everyone.
Edmond then begins his own investigation to find out what happened after his arrest and disappearance with his father, bride, friends and enemies. Under the guise of a priest fulfilling the last will of the “late” Dantes, who allegedly bequeathed a diamond to his friends - Kadrus, Fernan, Danglar and Mercedes - he visits Kadruss, who went bankrupt in his craft as a tailor and now keeps a tavern in an inaccessible place, vegetating in poverty. Overwhelmed by greed, Cadrouss discards caution and tells Edmond the whole truth about his arrest and everything that happened after that: the despair of Mercedes and Father Dantes, who eventually died of starvation, the nobility of the shipowner Morrel, who tried to fight for the liberation of Dantes and supported him father’s. In addition, Cadruss said that Mercedes became the wife of Fernand, and the former owner of Dantes, Mr. Morrel is almost ruined, while Danglard and Fernand are now rich, rotate in the upper Parisian world (Fernand became general, Count de Morser, peer of France, and Danglard - a millionaire banker who received the title of baron) and, apparently, are happy. He answers vaguely to the question about Villefort, since he did not know him personally, he was only able to report that Villefort was no longer in Marseille. Edmond Dantes returns to Marseille, where he finds out that his former owner and friend, the armor Morrel, is almost ruined. All his hopes are for the return with the cargo of the Pharaoh, the very ship on which Dantes once sailed. But news comes of the death of the Pharaoh in a storm (although the team and the captain miraculously escaped). Dantes learns about this when, under the guise of an agent of a banking creditor house, Morrel comes to the armature himself. On behalf of his banking house, Dantes gives Morrel the last reprieve. But the delay is coming to an end, and Morrel cannot pay. To avoid shame, he wants to commit suicide, but at the last moment they bring him canceled bills, and the new Pharaoh enters the port. Morrel and his family are saved. Dantes watches them from afar. He closed his gratitude accounts and is now ready for revenge on his enemies.
Characters of 1829
Revenge
It takes nine years. Edmond Dantes is replaced by the mysterious and eccentric Count of Monte Cristo. This is not the only image created by Edmond - some are known under the names of Lord Wilmore, Abbot Busoni and others. And the Italian robbers and smugglers, whom he managed to unite and subjugate to his power, like many sailors and travelers, know him under the name of Sinbad the Sailor . Over the past years, he managed to visit all corners of the world and significantly replenish his education; in addition, he learned to masterfully manipulate people. He owns a high-speed vessel, and in the caves of the island of Monte Cristo he has hidden an underground palace, where he is happy to welcome travelers.
Under the guise of Count Monte Cristo Dantes enters the French high society, which he intrigues and admires with his wealth and unusual way of life; he has a silent nubian servant Ali ("... my dog, my slave. If he breaks his duty, I will not drive him away, I will kill him"), and his affairs are run by a former Corsican smuggler Giovanni Bertuccio, who has his own accounts with Villefort who became the royal prosecutor of Paris. In addition, the count contains the slave Haide (who is first referred to as a daughter) - the daughter of Ali-Tebelin, the treacherously murdered Fernan.
Now he is gradually starting to carry out his revenge plan. Considering that the death of his enemies will not be enough to pay for his suffering, and also considering himself as an instrument of divine justice, an instrument of Providence, he gradually strikes at his victims; as a result, the disgraced Fernand, from whom his wife and son left, commits suicide, Cadroussus dies due to his own greed, Villefort loses his whole family and goes crazy, and Danglars goes bankrupt and is forced to flee France. In Italy he is captured by robbers who obey Monte Cristo; they rob him of the last remnants of a once enormous fortune. As a result, Kadruss and Fernand are dead, Villefort is insane, and the life of the poor Danglars is in the balance.
But the count was already tired of revenge - in recent days he realized that, taking revenge on those whom he considers criminals, he caused irreparable harm to many innocent people, and this consciousness burdened his conscience. Therefore, he releases Danglars to freedom and even allows him to save fifty thousand francs.
At the end of the novel, the count sailed with Hyde on the ship, leaving the island of Monte Cristo with its underground halls and huge wealth as a gift to the son of Morrel Maximilian and his lover - Valentina de Villefort, daughter of the prosecutor.
1838 characters
Textology
Characters
The novel contains a large number of characters, the main of which are described below.
- Edmond Dantes is the protagonist, a sailor, unjustly imprisoned. After the escape, he becomes rich, noble and famous under the name of the Count of Monte Cristo . Also used the names: Abbot Busoni , Lord Wilmore , Maltese Dzakkone , Sinbad the Sailor .
- Fernand Mondego - Mercedes cousin who wants to marry her, a fisherman. Later he becomes lieutenant general and peer of France , receives the title of Count de Morser .
- Mercedes Herrera is the bride of Edmond Dantes, who later became the wife of Fernand.
- Albert de Morser is the son of Fernand and Mercedes.
- Danglar is an accountant at Pharaoh, he brought the idea of a denunciation to Dantes, and later becomes a baron and a wealthy banker.
- Ermina de Cervière (Danglar) is the wife of Danglar, a former widow of the Marquise de Nargon and the mistress of the royal prosecutor de Villefort, who is fond of the stock market game. The biological mother is Benedetto .
- Lucien Debray is secretary of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, current lover and exchange game partner of Baroness Danglard.
- Eugenie Danglar is the daughter of the Danglar spouses, who dreams of becoming an independent artist.
- Louise d'Armigli is a music teacher and close friend of Eugenie Danglard.
- Gerard de Villefort - assistant prosecutor of Marseille, after becoming the royal prosecutor of Paris. The biological father of Benedetto .
- Rene de Saint-Meran is Villefort's first wife, Valentina's mother, daughter of the Marquis and Marquise de Saint-Meran .
- Eloise de Villefort - the second wife of the royal prosecutor, ready for anything for her son Edouard.
- Noartier de Villefort - father of the royal prosecutor, former Jacobin and Senator of Napoleon, chairman of the Bonapartist club, was later paralyzed. “Despite this, he thinks, he desires, he acts.”
- Barrois is the servant of Noartier de Villefort.
- Valentina de Villefort - the oldest daughter of Villefort from her first marriage, a wealthy heiress, actually a nurse with her grandfather, beloved Maximilian Morrel.
- Edouard de Villefort (in old translations - Edward) - the young son of the royal prosecutor from his second marriage, a spoiled and cruel child.
- Dr. d'Avrigny is the Villefort family doctor who was the first to suspect the terrible secret of this family.
- Deschan is a notary of the Villefort family.
- Gaspard Cadrousse is a neighbor of Dantes, first a tailor, and later an innkeeper. For some time he was a smuggler, later became an accomplice in the murder, a fugitive from hard labor.
- Madelena Radel (Carconte) - the wife of Cadrus.
- Pierre Morrell - Marseilles merchant, owner of the ship "Pharaoh", benefactor of Dantes.
- Maximilian Morrell - the son of Pierre Morrell , captain of spagi, a protege of Count Monte Cristo.
- Julie Morrell (Erbo) is the daughter of Pierre Morrel.
- Emmanuel Erbo is Julie's husband.
- Penelon , Pharaoh’s old boatswain, helps Dantes when he rescues Pierre Morrel from bankruptcy and shame. After serving at sea, he becomes a gardener at Julie and Emmanuel Erbo.
- Cocles is the treasurer of Pierre Morrel, who remained faithful to him to the end. Then he became the gatekeeper of Julie and Emmanuel Erbo.
- Abbot Faria is Edmond Dantes’s confined prisoner, a learned monk who revealed to him the secret of the treasure on the island of Monte Cristo.
- Giovanni Bertuccio is the business manager of the Count of Monte Cristo, retired Corsican smuggler, foster father of Benedetto.
- Benedetto is a fugitive from penal servitude, the illegitimate son of the royal prosecutor and baroness Danglar. He was known in Parisian society as Viscount Andrea Cavalcanti .
- Franz d'Epine is a bridegroom imposed on Valentina de Villefort, a friend of Albert de Morser, the son of General Flavien de Kenel (Baron d'Epine), who was killed in a duel by Nuartier de Villefort.
- Beauchan is the editor of the Impartial Voice newspaper, a friend of Albert de Morcer.
- Raul de Chateau Reno - French aristocrat, baron, friend of the Viscount de Morser (as well as the three previous ones).
- Haide is the Count's slave, daughter of Ali-Tebelin , a devotee of Fernan, the Yaninsky Pasha .
- Luigi Vampa is a young shepherd who became the leader of a band of robbers in the vicinity of Rome . He owes the Count of Monte Cristo life and freedom, in return swore never to touch the Count himself or his friends.
- Peppino is a bandit from the gang of Luigi Vampa who was saved by the Count of Monte Cristo from the guillotine and later kidnapped Danglars when he fled to Italy.
- Jacopo is a Corsican sailor from the Young Amelia smugglers tartans who saved Dantes when he was drowning after escaping from If Castle Prison. Subsequently - the captain of the count's yacht.
- Batistin is the valet of the Count of Monte Cristo.
- Ali is a slave , a servant of the Count of Monte Cristo, a dumb Nubian (with his tongue cut off).
Hero Prototype
One of the prototypes of the hero of the novel - Edmond Dantes - was a shoemaker from Nimes named Francois Pico , who was engaged to a wealthy woman. In 1807, at the denunciation of his three envious "friends" (Lupyan, Solari and Shobar) who falsely accused him of spying for England, Pico was arrested and thrown into the Fenestrelle fortress , where he spent about 7 years. His fourth friend, Antoine Alloux, not participating in the conspiracy, but knowing about him, cowardly kept silent about this meanness. The bride of Francois, after two years of fruitless waiting, was forced to marry Lupyan.
For the first two years, Pico did not even know what he was planted for. In prison, Pico broke a small underground passage into a neighboring cell, where Tori's father, a rich Italian priest, was kept. They became friends, and Pico courted a sick priest who, a year later, before his death, told him the secret about the treasure hidden in Milan. After the fall of imperial power in 1814, François Picot was released, took possession of the treasures bequeathed to him and under a different name appeared in Paris, where he devoted 10 years to retribution for meanness and betrayal.
Shobar was the first to be killed, but Lupyan, his most hated enemy, a villain who stole not only his freedom but also love, Francois presented the most cruel revenge: he cunningly lured Lupyan’s daughter into marriage with the criminal, and then brought him to trial and shame, whom she could not bear and died of shock. Then Pico organized the arson of a restaurant belonging to Lupyan, and plunged him into poverty. Lupyan’s son was involved (or falsely accused) of stealing jewelry, and the boy was imprisoned, and then François stabbed Lupyan himself. The last he poisoned Solari, but, not knowing the knowledge of Antoine Allou, was kidnapped and killed by him.
After the murder of Pico, Antoine Allou fled to England, where he confessed before his death in 1828. The recognition of the dying Antoine Alloux forms the bulk of the French police records on this case.
Alexander Dumas became interested in this story and transformed it into the adventures of Edmond Dantes - Count of Monte Cristo. Dumas's novel, however, is deprived of a gloomy criminal color, his noble hero at first feels himself an instrument of higher retribution, but at the end of the novel, sobering up the death of the innocent, he refuses revenge in favor of mercy.
Plot negligence
Like most of Dumas' works, the text of the novel contains a lot of negligence, inconsistent places and historical inaccuracies.
Villefort in the chapter "Assistant Royal Prosecutor" mentions the Vendome column , which was demolished as early as 1814. In a conversation with the abbot, Faria Dantes talks about matches, although they were invented only in the 1830s. The popular novel “Lord Rutven, or Vampires” was attributed to Byron , but already in the 1820s the name of the present author ( Charles Nodier ) was well known. Don Carlos fled to France not in 1838, but in 1839, when Monte Cristo had already completed his mission [2] .
A lot of negligence is associated with Alber. In different places in the novel, he sometimes understands Greek, sometimes he does not understand a word; he claimed that he had seen Kasten’s execution after graduating from college , but this execution took place in 1823, when Albert was still a child of 5-6 years [3] .
Dantes at If Castle tells Faria that when he went to the Reserve's gazebo, he saw a pen, ink and paper on the table. However, if you re-read Ch. III of the first part, we will see that Danglar asked the owner to bring these items after the departure of Dantes and Mercedes.
Russian translations
Work on the first Russian translations of "Count of Monte Cristo" began in 1845, even before the novel was completed [4] . One of these translations was published in the journal Library for Reading (vols. 72 , 73 , 74 , 75) and is anonymous; he received an endorsement by V. G. Belinsky : “This translation is somewhat reduced, but it’s good in relation to the language” [4] . Another translation, announced in print as complete, was made by the famous historian, writer and journalist V. M. Stroev and subsequently formed the basis of most Russian-language editions of the novel (first publication: St. Petersburg , 1845-1846, parts 1-12) [5 ] .
In 1929, the Academia Publishing House published a translation of The Count of Monte Cristo, edited by M. L. Lozinsky . In 1931, this translation was reprinted; at the same time, a new edition of Stroev’s translation, made by L. I. Olavskaya , was published , which translated part of the text again. Olavskaya’s work received conflicting assessments: in some sources it is described as “one of the best translations of the novel” [6] , in others - as “very weak”, replete with “gross semantic errors” and “terrible semantic mistakes” [7] .
In 1946, a translation of Stroev and Olavskaya was published by Nora Gal and V. M. Toper ; in the following decades (at the insistence of Gal and Toper, dissatisfied with the quality of their work), this version was printed either as “a translation of L. I. Olavskaya and V. M. Stroyev”, or without indicating the names of the translators. In 1991, Nora Gal reworked the translation of the novel for the fifteen-volume collected works of Dumas, published by Pravda publishing house, but this time also did not achieve satisfactory results and insisted that a special pseudonym be indicated in the output of this publication - “G. Netova ” [5] .
Continuation of the novel
Alexander Dumas did not write a sequel to this novel, but many sequels are known, some of which are allegedly found in the writer's archive after his death (or are attributed to Dumas the son ). But judging by the writing style and the description of the events, neither the father nor the son of Dumas could write such works.
The Last Payment Novel
One of the hoaxes was the novel The Last Payment, composed as a sequel to The Count of Monte Cristo. His hero Edmond Dantes, after visiting Moscow, becomes the pursuer-avenger of the killer of the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin, Georges-Charles Dantes, whom he considers his relative. The novel was first published in Russia in 1990.
The plot . In the spring of 1838, Edmond Dantes came to Moscow with Gaide, who had already become his wife and had given birth to his son and daughter. In one of the restaurants, one of the students, having learned the name of the count, gives him a slap in the face. Soon the Count of Monte Cristo finds out that he was confused with Georges Dantes . The count did not like the fact that his name was embroiled in scandal, and he decides to take revenge on Pushkin’s killer.
It has now been proven that the novel “The Last Payment” is a very late hoax created in the USSR. Witty in conception and spectacular plot move, it can in no way belong to the pen of Alexander Dumas the father, because it is written in a completely different stylistic manner and is replete with obvious anachronisms. Evidence is given in an article by Aleksandr Obrizan and Andrei Krotkov, “The merry ghosts of literature” [8] . Most likely, the motive of this literary hoax is based on the coincidence of two events: the killer of Pushkin, Georges-Charles Dantes, and the writer Alexander Dumas, son, died almost simultaneously - in November 1895. There is no connection between these events, but they could well serve as an impetus to the idea of the imaginary continuation of the "Count of Monte Cristo."
The Lord of the World
Novel of the German writer Adolf Mutzelburg . В этой книге читатель вновь встретится с героями романа «Граф Монте-Кристо» и узнает о дальнейшей их судьбе, познакомится с новыми персонажами, побывает вместе с ними на просторах американского Запада, в Африке и разных странах Европы.
Фильм «Сын Монте-Кристо» (1940 год, США)
В 1865 году генерал Гурко Лейнен при помощи войск Наполеона III и поддержке русского правительства желает установить тоталитарный режим на подведомственной ему территории (вымышленное государство Великое Герцогство Лихтенберг, «жемчужина Балкан», стилизованное под более-менее известную американскому зрителю габсбургскую Венгрию, хотя религией, судя по всему, является православие — генерала и герцогиню венчает православный архиерей), жениться на герцогине Зоне и таким образом стать королём. Для получения займа он обращается к банкиру — сыну графа Монте-Кристо Эдмону. Однако младший Монте-Кристо отказался увеличивать свои богатства таким способом. Банкир, наоборот, поднимает народ на борьбу с диктатором.
Похожие сюжеты других авторов
Жюль Верн написал книгу « Матиас Шандор » (1885). По его признанию, это — «ответ роману А. Дюма». Но, в отличие от Эдмона Дантеса, герой Ж. Верна граф Матиас Шандор является уже не обыкновенным наивным простаком, подставленным «друзьями» из зависти и ревности, а дворянином и венгерским революционером, стремящимся к свержению австрийской власти в Венгрии.
Альфред Бестер в научно-фантастическом романе « Тигр! Тигр! » ( англ. The Stars My Destination ), написанном в 1956 году , частично применил мотивы романа Дюма. Обычный космический чернорабочий оставлен в разрушенном судне, где клянётся отомстить тем, кто покинул его. Он спасается, но после заключён в тюрьму, убегает, после становится богатым и начинает мстить.
Роман , написанный в 2000 году Стивеном Фраем , использует мотивы романа «Граф Монте-Кристо».
Экранизации
По роману снято множество фильмов.
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1908 , США , режиссёры Френсис Боггс , Томас Персонс , в главной роли — Хобарт Босворт
- — 1908 , Италия , режиссёры Луиджи Маджи и , в ролях Умберто Моццато, Артуро Амброзио, Лидия де Робертис, Мирра Принчипи.
- Le Prisonnier du Château d'If (Une évasion manquée) — 1910 , Франция , режиссёр Викторен Жассе , в главных ролях Шарль Кросс, .
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1910 , США
- Монте-Кристо — 1911 , США
- Монте-Кристо — 1912 , США , режиссёр Колин Кэмпбелл , в главной роли Хобарт Босворт
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1913 , США , режиссёры Джозеф А. Голден , Эдвин Портер , в главной роли Джеймс О'Нейлл
- Современный Монте-Кристо — 1917 , США , режиссёр Юджин Мур
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1918 , Франция , режиссёр Анри Поуктал (15 эпизодов), в главной роли Леон Мато
- Монте-Кристо — 1922 , США , режиссёр Эмметт Дж. Флинн , в главной роли Джон Гилберт
- Монте-Кристо — 1929 , Франция , режиссёр Генри Фескур , в главных ролях — Жан Анжело , Лиль Даговер , Гастон Модо , Бернхард Гёцке
- Загадка графа Монте-Кристо — 1934 , США , режиссёр Роулэнд В. Ли в главных ролях — Роберт Донат , Элисса Ланди , Сидни Блэкмер
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1942 , Мексика , режиссёры Роберто Гавальдон , Чано Уруэта , в главной роли Артуро де Кордова
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1942 , Франция , Италия , режиссёр Робер Вернэ , в главной роли Пьер Ришар-Вильм , Эрмете Цаккони
- Жена Монте-Кристо — 1946 , США , режиссёр Эдгар Дж. Улмер . Фильм снят по мотивам книги.
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1954 , Италия — Франция , режиссёр Робер Вернэ , в главной роли — Жан Маре .
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1954 , Мексика — Аргентина , режиссёр Леон Климовский , в главной роли Хорхе Мистраль .
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1961 , Италия - Франция , режиссёр Клод Отан-Лара , в главной роли — Луи Журдан
- Возвращение Монте-Кристо — 1968 , Франция , режиссёр Андре Юнебель . Фильм снят по мотивам романа, события разворачиваются в XX веке сразу после Второй мировой войны.
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1973 , Австралия , (мультфильм), режиссёры Джозеф Барбера , Уильям Ханна .
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1975 , телефильм, Великобритания - Италия , режиссёр Дэвид Грин , в главной роли — Ричард Чемберлен .
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1979 , Франция — Италия — Германия (телесериал), режиссёр Дени де Ла Пательер , в главной роли — Жак Вебер .
- Узник замка Иф — 1988 , СССР - Франция , режиссёр Георгий Юнгвальд-Хилькевич , в главных ролях — Виктор Авилов , Михаил Боярский .
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 1998 , сериал , Германия - Франция - Италия , Режиссёр Жозе Дайан , в главных ролях — Жерар Депардьё , Орнелла Мути .
- Граф Монте-Кристо — 2002 , США - Великобритания - Ирландия , режиссёр Кевин Рейнольдс , в главной роли — Джеймс Кэвизел .
- « Ганкуцуо » — «Граф Монте-Кристо» (Правитель пещеры), 2005 — 2006 — аниме-фильм , Япония , используются мотивы романа, действие перенесено в далёкое будущее.
- « Монтекристо » — 2006 , Аргентина , телесериал.
- « Монтекристо » — 2008 , Россия , телесериал.
Ряд фильмов использует общую сюжетную схему романа Дюма, однако персонажи в них носят другие имена:
- В 1977 году телевидение Гонконга экранизировало сюжет романа в сериале « », только действие происходит в Южном Китае , а остров Монтекристо назван островом «Хвост Белого Дракона», события, описанные А. Дюма во Франции , происходят в Шанхае .
- Фаворский (телесериал) — 2005 , Россия , в главных ролях — Илья Шакунов, Александр Лыков, Валерий Дегтярь, Андрей Зибров, Нодар Мгалоблишвили, Тара Амирханова. (Сюжет романа Дюма переложен на современное время — СССР/Россия/Прибалтика/Армения периода 1982—1999).
- « Граф Крестовский » (2005, российскими кинематографистами был снят телесериал, где обыграна история графа Монте-Кристо в СССР 1980-х годов).
- « Граф Монтенегро » (2006). Хотя название фильма однозначно указывает на связь с романом Дюма, в сюжете этого фильма сделан упор на поиск сокровища. Действие происходит в наши дни.
- « Эзель »(2009-2011). Турецкий телесериал, который был снят по мотивам произведения, но с изменениями в именах героев, времени и месте действия.
- «Aнцаноты / Незнакомец» (2012-2013). Армянский телесериал, который был снят по мотивам романа, но с изменениями в именах героев, времени и месте действия [9] . В главных ролях- Саргис Григорян, София Погосян, Ваагн Галстян, Гнел Саргсян, Зара Минасян.
- « Прощайте, мистер Блэк » (2016). Корейский телесериал по мотивам одноимённой манхвы 1983 года автора Хван Ми На; история графа Монте-Кристо разыгрывается в Южной Корее в наши дни.
Театральные постановки
- Мюзикл «Граф Монте-Кристо» [10] — 2003 (премьера состоялась 21 декабря), театр мюзикла «Седьмое утро», автор либретто — Татьяна Зырянова, композитор — Александр Тюменцев
- Мюзикл «Le comte de Monte-Cristo» [11] — 2005 (премьера состоялась 27 октября), театр мюзикла «Седьмое утро», автор либретто — Татьяна Зырянова, эквиритмический перевод на французский язык — Инна Назарова-Салита, композитор — Александр Тюменцев
- Мюзикл «Монте-Кристо» [12] — 2008 (премьера состоялась 1 октября), театр «Московская оперетта», автор либретто — Юлий Ким , композитор — Роман Игнатьев
- Мюзикл «Граф Монте-Кристо» (The Count of Monte Cristo) [13] — 2009 (премьера состоялась 14 марта), композитор — Фрэнк Уайлдхорн (Frank Wildhorn).
- Музыкальная драма «Я — Эдмон Дантес» [14] — 2012 (премьера состоялась 13 октября 2012), автор либретто — Николай Денисов , композитор — Лора Квинт , режиссёр — Егор Дружинин
In music
31 марта 2006 года германская рок-металл-группа Vanden Plas выпустила альбом «Christ 0», используя осовремененную версию истории графа Монте-Кристо.
В оценках деятелей культуры и искусства
- Брюсов В. Я. : « Любить природу можно, это я понял. Но понимаю и то, что можно любить бульварные романы <…>; я сам их люблю и ещё года два назад плакал (совсем плакал), перечитывая „Монте-Кристо“ » (из дневника за 1898 год) [15] .
Notes
- ↑ Рябов Ф., 1994 , с. 645.
- ↑ Рябов Ф., 1994 , с. 649, 656, 667, 672.
- ↑ Рябов Ф., 1994 , с. 668.
- ↑ 1 2 Белинский В. Г. «Карманная библиотека. Граф Монте-Кристо, роман Александра Дюма»
- ↑ 1 2 Fantlab
- ↑ Олавская Лидия Иосифовна
- ↑ Галь Нора, «Помню…»
- ↑ («Книжное обозрение», 1993, 23 апреля)
- ↑ Телесериал «Незнакомец» снят в международном формате «Граф Монте-Кристо» - телекомпания «Шант»
- ↑ неофициальный сайт театра мюзикла «Седьмое Утро» Архивная копия от 21 февраля 2009 на Wayback Machine
- ↑ неофициальный сайт театра мюзикла «Седьмое Утро» (недоступная ссылка)
- ↑ Сайт мюзикла «Монте-Кристо»
- ↑ Сайт Фрэнка Уайлдхорна (англ.) Архивная копия от 17 августа 2009 на Wayback Machine
- ↑ Сайт спектакля «Я — Эдмон Дантес»
- ↑ Брюсов Валерий . Дневники: 1891—1910 / Приготовила к печати И. М. Брюсова . — М. : Изд. М. и С. Сабашниковых , 1927. — С. 38. — 203 с. — (Записи прошлого. Воспоминания и письма).
Literature
- Добин Е. С. Коварство и месть (А. Дюма «Граф Монте-Кристо») // Добин Е. С. Сюжет и действительность. — Л. : Советский писатель, 1976. — С. 382—427. - 496 s.
- Рябов Ф. Комментарии к роману А. Дюма «Граф Монте-Кристо» // Александр Дюма . Собрание сочинений в 50 томах. — М. : Арт-Бизнес-Центр, 1994. — Т. 14—15. — 688 с. — ISBN 5-7287-0023-3 , 5-7287-0001-2.
Links
- Le Comte de Monte-Cristo — оригинальная версия романа (фр.) .
- Действующие лица романа
- Граф Монте-Кристо, части 1-3 в библиотеке Максима Мошкова
- Граф Монте-Кристо, части 4-6 в библиотеке Максима Мошкова
- Николаев В. Д. Шекспир и «Граф Монте-Кристо» // Электронная энциклопедия «Мир Шекспира».
- Alexander Karpenko Theater of the Count de Monte Cristo. "Poetrad" No. 44 (196), 2015