The Polish-Turkish war of 1620-1621 , also known as the Khotyn War - the war of the Ottoman Empire and the Commonwealth for control of the Principality of Moldova .
| Polish-Turkish war (1620-1621) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Main Conflict: Thirty Years War , Polish-Turkish Wars | |||
 Jozef Brandt . Jan Karol Khodkevich in the Battle of Khotyn | |||
| date of | September 1620 - October 1621 | ||
| A place | Territories of modern Ukraine ( Bukovina ) and Moldova ( Bessarabia ) | ||
| Cause | Intervention of the Commonwealth in the internal affairs of the Principality of Moldova; Support by the Commonwealth of the Habsburgs in the Thirty Years War; Outrages of foxes on the territory of the Principality of Transylvania, which is a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. | ||
| Total | Khotyn peace treaty | ||
| Changes | Khotin moved to the Principality of Moldova | ||
| Opponents | |||
| |||
| Commanders | |||
| |||
Content
- 1 Reasons
- 2 The course of the war
- 3 Gallery
- 4 Literature
Reasons
Since the end of the XVI century, the Polish magnates intervened more and more in the affairs of Moldova, which the Ottoman Empire regarded as a sphere of its interests. In addition, the Turks were enraged by the constant campaigns of the Cossacks, who were formally subjects of the Commonwealth, to Turkish territories.
The course of the war
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was not affected by the Thirty Years' War that erupted in Europe , but the Polish king Sigismund III sent an elite and cruel detachment of fox mercenaries to help the Allied Habsburgs . In 1619, they defeated the army of Transylvanian Prince Yuri I Rakoczy at the Battle of Humenne , after which Transylvania turned to the Ottoman Sultan for military help. At the same time, the ruler of Moldova, Gaspar Graziani, sided with Poland.
The Sultan agreed to help Transylvania and gathered a large army, seeking to carry out a punitive raid on the Commonwealth. In the fall of 1620, he defeated the Polish-Lithuanian army in the Battle of Tsetsorsky , in which the famous Polish commander Stanislav Zholkevsky fell. During the winter, hostilities were stopped, but continued in 1621 .
In the spring, the Turkish army, led by Osman II , numbering 35 thousand people, left Istanbul and moved to the Polish border. The Polish army opposing it consisted of 8280 hussars , 8,200 Cossack cavalry , 1,400 foxes, 2,160 western hired cavalry, 6,800 Polish and 800 Hungarian infantry, as well as 25,000 Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. The Turks, inspired by the victory at Cetsore, hoped to conquer Ukraine, or even Poland itself, by entering the Baltic Sea . However, in the Battle of Khotyn they were stopped by the army of the Commonwealth.
The ensuing peace treaty did not bring any changes to the borders, however, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth refused to intervene in the affairs of Moldova. Both sides considered the war won. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth perceived the victory at Khotyn as a successful reflection of the Ottoman onslaught on its lands, while the Ottoman Empire declared its goal achieved - eliminating the threat to its Moldovan possessions.
The peace concluded did not last long. Already in 1633, a new Polish-Turkish war began .
Gallery
The death of hetman Stanislav Zholkevsky in the Battle of Tsetsorsky (painter Valerie Eliash-Radzikovsky )
The signing of the Khotyn world
Literature
(in Polish)
- Tadeusz M. Nowak, Jan Wimmer: Historia oręża polskiego 963-1795, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1981, ISBN 83-214-0133-3
- Janusz Pajewski: Buńczuk i koncerz, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1978
- Leszek Podhorodecki: Chocim 1621, seria: “Historyczne bitwy”, MON, 1988.
- Zygmunt Ryniewicz: Bitwy świata: leksykon, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1995, ISBN 83-214-1046-4
(in Ukrainian)
- Khotinska vina (1621 p.) / G. Grabyanka, S. Velichko, J. Müller and that. // Order S. Zaremba. - K .: Center for memory of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Partnership to protect the memory of history and culture, 1991. - 240 p. - (Cossack Watch)
- Gaidai L. History of Ukraine in persons, terms, names and understandings. - Lutsk: Vezha, 2000
- Dovidnik from Ukraine. Ed. I.Pidkovi and R.Shusta. - K .: Genesa, 1993
- Sas P.M. Khotinska vіyna 1621 Roku / NAS of Ukraine. Institute of History of Ukraine. Vidannya 2nd, in the direction of the first and second. - Bila Church: Vidavets Pshonkivsky O.V., 2012 .-- 526 p.