Austrian mail on Crete - post offices owned by Austria and operating in several cities of the largest Greek island of Crete from 1845 to 1914 . [2]
  Austrian mail onCrete † | |
|---|---|
| him. Österreichische Post auf Kreta | |
 The first stamp of the Austrian post in Crete with an overprint of the face value of 5 centimes ( 1903 ), canceled in Jerusalem ( Sc # 1) | |
| Mail History | |
| Organized by | 1845 |
| Closed | 1914 |
| Money system | |
| 1903-1908 | 1 franc = 100 centimes |
| 1908-1914 | 1 piastre = 100 pair |
| First brands | |
| Standard | 1903 |
| Commemorative | 1908 |
| Latest issue | 1914 |
| Total released | 22 postage stamps [1] |
Content
- 1 Mail Development
- 2 Postage Stamp Issues
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
- 6 References
Mail Development
Along with several other states, the Austro-Hungarian Empire had its own post offices in Crete from the middle of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. The first post office was opened in 1845, and in 1858 two more branches appeared. [2]
According to other sources [3] [4] , three post offices - in Chania , Heraklion and Rethymno - worked from 1890 to 1914, replacing the earlier post offices of the shipping company Austrian Lloyd [5] and the official Austrian postal agencies, which, in turn, existed in these cities, respectively, from 1837 (in Chania) and 1845.
Stamp Issues
To pay for postal services in the Austrian branches, Austrian postage stamps with denominations (or with overprints of denominations) in different currencies were used - the soldier of the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom , Turkish couple and piastres , French centimes and francs . [2] [3] Much less commonly used were ordinary Austrian stamps without overprinting of new denominations.
Many philatelists and catalogs traditionally referred only to issues with denominations in French currency as the “Austrian Post Offices in Crete” , distinguishing them from issues with denominations in Turkish currency that were considered “ Austrian mail in Ottoman Empire ”(“ Austrian Post Offices in the Turkish Empire ”) or“ Austrian Levant ”(“ Austrian Levant ”). However, postage stamps with denominations in both currencies were in circulation both in post offices in Crete and in many other Austrian post offices in the Ottoman Empire, so this distinction is misleading.
Postage stamps with denominations denominated in French currency were first issued in 1903 . The last such series was released in 1908 . The drawings of these commemorative stamps were similar to the Austrian series dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the accession to the throne of Emperor Franz Joseph I [2] .
According to L. L. Lepeshinsky (1967), a total of 24 stamps were issued over the period 1903-1914. In the Scott catalog , 22 brands are indicated (excluding varieties ) [1] .
See also
- Austrian Post in Liechtenstein
- Austrian mail in the Ottoman Empire
- British Post in Crete
- History of Crete
- History of Austria Post and Stamps
- History of Greece Post and Postage Stamps
- History of Post and Postage Stamps of Crete
- Crete
- Cretan state
- Russian post on the island of Crete
- French Post in Crete
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Scott 2007. Standard Postage Stamp Catalog. - New York, NY, USA: Scott, 2006. (English)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Austria. Austrian mail on about. Crete // Large Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas, P. F. Mazur, I. N. Merkulov, I. A. Morosanov, Yu. K. Myakota, S A. Panasyan, Yu. M. Rudnikov, M. B. Slutsky, V. A. Jacobs; under the general. ed. N.I. Vladinets and V.A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio and communications, 1988 .-- 320 p. - 40,000 copies. - ISBN 5-256-00175-2 . (Retrieved April 17, 2010)
- ↑ 1 2 Smith, David. The Austrian Post Offices in the Ottoman Empire . Postal History of the Levant and other overseas post offices . The Website of David and Tina's home, Endfield; David Smith. - List of post office locations, opening and closing dates. Date of treatment April 17, 2010. Archived April 20, 2012.
- ↑ Feenstra RM & Friends. Crete: Postal History, Postage and Revenue Stamps, Coins & Banknotes. - Collectio, 2001 .-- 448 p. - ISBN 960-85275-6-2 . (eng.)
- ↑ “Austrian Lloyd” // Large Philatelic Dictionary / N. I. Vladinets, L. I. Ilyichev, I. Ya. Levitas ... [and others ]; under the general. ed. N.I. Vladinets and V.A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio and communications, 1988. - S. 8. - 40,000 copies. - ISBN 5-256-00175-2 . (Retrieved May 25, 2016) Archived copy . Date of treatment September 2, 2018. Archived on May 25, 2016.
Literature
- Greece (Kingdom of the Hellenes). Explanation of the scheme. 17. O. Crete // Philatelic geography (foreign countries): Reference book / L. L. Lepeshinsky. - M .: Communication, 1967. - S. 55. - 480 p.
- Austria & Hungary / Stanley Gibbons Stamp Catalog . - 6th edn. - Ringwood: Stanley Gibbons , 2002 .-- Pt. 2. - P. 148-152. - ISBN 0-85259-527-1 . (eng.)
- Rossiter S. , Fowler J. The Stamp Atlas: A Unique Assembly of Geography, Social and Political History, and Postal Information. - 1st edn. - L. , Sydney: Macdonald, 1986. - P. 331. - 336 p. - ISBN 0-356-10862-7 . (eng.)
Links
- Rossiter, Stuart; Fowler, John & Wellsted, Raife. Crete 1871-1914. Greece (English) . Stamp Atlas . Sandafayre Stamp Auctions. Date of treatment April 17, 2010. Archived April 4, 2012.
- Austro-Hungarian Post Offices in the Turkish Empire . Country List . All World Stamps Catalog sponsored by Stanley Gibbons . - Stamps of Austrian mail in the Ottoman Empire (including on the island of Crete) in the Stanley Gibbons online catalog. Date of treatment April 17, 2010. Archived April 20, 2012.
- Crete (Austro-Hungarian Post Offices ) . A — Z of postal authorities. Encyclopaedia of Postal History . Stampsite: The Encyclopaedia of Postal Authorities. - Information on stamps of Austrian mail on the island of Crete in the database “Encyclopedia of the history of mail. Encyclopedia of Post Offices. " Date of treatment April 17, 2010. Archived January 8, 2009.