Nephilidae is a family of spiders from the infraorder Araneomorphae ( Araneomorphae ). Found in tropical forests of all continents.
| Nephilidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Nephila clavipes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nephilidae Simon , 1894 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type genus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nephila Leach , 1815 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
- 1 Taxonomy
- 2 Paleontology
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
- 5 Links
Taxonomy
Although the taxon was first isolated in 1894, until the end of the 20th century representatives were considered as a subfamily Nephilinae, first in the Araneidae family , then in Tetragnathidae [1] . In 1995, using a cladistic analysis, it was found that Nephilinae is a sister group in relation to all other Tetragnathidae , on the basis of which the rank of the family was given to the taxon [1] . Currently, 58 species are grouped into Nephilidae , grouped into 4 genera [2] :
- Clitaetra Simon , 1889 - Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka
- Herennia Thorell , 1877 - South Asia, Australia
- Nephila Leach , 1815 - Pantropica
- Nephilengys L. Koch , 1872 - Pantropica
Until 2002, the genera Singafrotypa and Perilla , transferred to the Araneidae family [3] [4], were also referred to the family.
Paleontology
In the fossil state, 5 genera and about 20 species are represented. Among them, Cretaraneus vilaltae (about 130 million years ago), Eonephila bitterfeldensis from the Paleogene , five species of the genus Nephila from the Neogene (about 16 million years ago; Dominican amber ), the species Nephila pennatipes from the Eocene (about 34 million years ago; Florissant, USA ) [5]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Kuntner, M. 2006. Phylogenetic systematics of the Gondwanan nephilid spider lineage Clitaetrinae (Araneae, Nephilidae). Zoologica Scripta 35 (1): 19-62. Text (English) (Retrieved May 31, 2010)
- ↑ Platnick, NI (2010). Currently valid spider genera and species . The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History. (English) (Retrieved May 29, 2010)
- ↑ Kuntner, M. & G. Hormiga (2002). The African spider genus Singafrotypa (Araneae, Araneidae). Journal of Arachnology 30 : 129-139. Text Archived on September 28, 2006. (English) (Retrieved May 31, 2010)
- ↑ Kuntner, M. (2002). The placement of Perilla (Araneae, Araneidae) with comments on araneid phylogeny. Journal of Arachnology 30 : 281-287. Text Archived on September 28, 2006. (English) (Retrieved May 31, 2010)
- ↑ Dunlop, JA, Penney, D. & Jekel, D. (2011). A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In Platnick, NI (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 11.5 American Museum of Natural History.
Literature
- Agnarsson, I. (2003). Spider webs as habitat patches - The distribution of kleptoparasites ( Argyrodes , Theridiidae) among host webs ( Nephila , Tetragnathidae). Journal of Arachnology 31 (3): 344-349. Text (English) (Retrieved May 31, 2010)
Links
- nephilidae.com is an online resource dedicated to Nephilidae .