Kvomtari-Fas languages ( Kvomtari, Kvomtari-Bai-Bai ; Eng. Kwomtari-Fas, Kwomtari-Baibai ) is a small hypothetical filament of the Papuan languages , common in Papua New Guinea . Distributed in the northern part of the center of the island of New Guinea in the province of Sandown (formerly Western Sepik), near the border with Indonesia.
| Kvomtari-fas languages | |
|---|---|
| Taxon | fila |
| Status | hypothesis |
| Area | northern new guinea |
| The number of carriers | OK. 4,4 thousand people |
| Classification | |
| Category | Papuan languages |
| Arai-Kumtarskaya hypothesis | |
| Composition | |
| 2 families and isolate | |
| Language group codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-5 | - |
The term “squares, squares” can be used both for the entire phylum (especially in the early literature), and for one of the families included in it .
Content
Composition
Currently, there are 2 families and 1 isolate in the file:
- Kvomtarskaya family (kvomtari)
- Actually, the Qomtar branch (Komtari-nai, Nuclear Kwomtari, Kwomtari-Nai): the languages of Kwomtari and Nai (Biaka, Amini; Nai , Biaka)
- Guriaso (Guriaso) - 160 people. (2003 SIL).
- Fass family: languages fas and baybaj
- I drink - isolate at family level (stock-level isolate)
For the first time this fila was proposed in [Loving and Bass 1964] consisting of two families: the actual Komtari (Kvomtari and Biaka languages) and the front (Fas and Byba languages). Later, languages I drink and Guriaso were added to them. As Witz Baron (1983) later discovered, much of the lexical material was typed with distortion, so that the translations were on the line below the corresponding words. Apparently, this was the reason that Donald Leykock, in his work of 1975, brings a somewhat different classification of these languages, combining the Fas and Quomtari languages into one family, and the Baiqai into another. In addition, Leykok added another language - I drink (Pyu), a family-level isolate. He called the whole union the Baybaibai Fila (“Kwomtari-Baibai phylum”) and noted that “there is still a lot of work to be done on the Qomtari filet before it can be considered established” [1] . He did not cite any evidence of his version of the classification.
Baron in his work re-rechecked all the data and returned mainly to the classification of Loving and Bass. This classification is also confirmed by their calculations on Swadesh’s 180-word list [2] :
| face | Match percent | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | bye Bye | ||
| 3 | 14 | kvomtari | |
| 3 | 6 | thirty | nai |
The baron began to use the name “Kommatari-Fasi languages” in order to explicitly differ from the name “Kvomtari-Buybaic languages”, under which the version of Leykoka became widely known. I drink the tongue as one of the components of this phylum was left at the insistence of Leykoka [3] . In addition, the Baron discovered another hitherto unknown language - Guriaso , which is quite close to the COMTAR languages. Thus, according to Baron, the Filom Kvomtari is divided into two families: the Komtarskuy (Kvomtari, Nai and Guriaso) and the Fasu (Fas and Bybay) and the isolate I drink. At the same time, Baron did not find any evidence of kinship between the languages of the Comsarians, Fasims and Drinks, except for the presence of common kinship terms, which are also used by many other languages in the region, no one assumes a kinship between them.
Examples of some lexical correspondences (Baron 1983b: 5, transcription translated into MFA ):
| Tongue | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Fas | Bye Bye | Kvomtari | Nai (Biaka) | Guriaso |
| the man | jimɛ (ni̥) | jimɛni | lofwai | doβwai | aməɾim |
| woman | mo | moŋo | inali | inali | ajti |
| nose | səʙte | səmɔni | tipu | tɔpokɾi | apədu |
| eye | kɔj | koɾə | (w) u | wo | mukatu |
Finally, Malcolm Ross (2005), based on the alleged similarity of the pronominal systems, put forward the Arai-Quartar hypothesis ( Left May-Kwomtari / Arai-Kwomtari languages) about the similarity of the Arai languages and the Qom-Baibai languages [4] . Since the latter are themselves an erroneous hypothesis, the validity of the whole hypothesis is in doubt.
See also
- Arai-Qomtar languages
Notes
- ↑ “It was considered as established before the classification” (Laycock 1973: 43).
- ↑ Linguistic report for the Upper Sepik - Central New Guinea Project 2005: 14, with reference to [Loving and Bass 1964: 3].
- Copy copy copy care care care care care care care care care care care care care care care care care care care ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ Don Laycock responded by expressing strong feelings about that taxonomy. ” [1]
- ↑ Ross 2005: 30.
Literature
- Baron, Wietze. Light from the dark ages of Chomsky and Halle's 'Abstract phonology' // Kivung. - 1979. - T. 12 . - p . 89–96 . OCLC 9188672
- Baron, Wietze. Cases of counter-feeding in Fas // Language and Linguistics in Melanesia (formerly Kivung ). - 1983a. - T. 14 . - p . 138–149 . OCLC 9188672
- Baron, Wietze. Kwomtari survey : Manuscript. - Ukarumpa: SIL , 1983b.
- Baron, Wietze. Orthographic Mismatches: Fas vs Melanesian Pidgin: Report at the meeting of the Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea Congress, July 1983. - Hoogezand (Netherlands), 2007.
- Blake, Fiona . Spatial reference in Momu . 2007. ( dissertation on Fas )
- Capell, Arthur. A linguistic survey of the south-west Pacific. - (New and Revised edition). - Nouméa (New Caledonia): South Pacific Commission, 1962. OCLC 2584664
- Honsberger, Murray, Carol Honsberger and Ian Tupper (eds). Kwomtari Phonology and grammar essentials : Data papers on Papua New Guinea languages. - Ukarumpa (PNG): SIL-PNG Academic Publications, 2008. - ISBN 9980-0-3426-0 .
- Laycock, Donald C. Sepik languages: checklist and preliminary classification. - Canberra: Dept. of Australian National University, 1973. - ISBN 978 85883 084 4 . . OCLC 5027628
- Laycock, Donald C. 2.14.1 Sko, Kwomtari, and Left May (Arai) phyla // New Guinea area language and language study. Vol. 1. Papuan languages and the New Guinea linguistic scene / Stephen A. Wurm (ed.). - Canberra: Dept. of Australian National University, 1975 (1977). - p. 853–854. - (Pacific linguistics. Series C - No. 38). - ISBN 0 85883 132 5 . . OCLC 37096514
- Linguistic report for the Upper Sepik - Central New Guinea Project (inaccessible link) . September 6, 2005.
- Loving, Richard; Bass, Jack. Languages of the Amanab sub-district. - Port Moresby: Department of Information and Extension Services, 1964. OCLC 17101737
- Ross, Malcolm. Papuan languages / Andrew Pawley, Robert Attenborough, Robin Hide, Jack Golson (eds). - Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, 2005. - P. 15–66. - ISBN 0 85883 562 2 . . OCLC 67292782
Links
- THE FAS LANGUAGE - Witz Baron's website about the quarter-tongue languages
- Kwomtari in the 16th edition of Ethnologue (2009) - means Komtari-Fasskaya Fila
- Kwomtari-Baibai in the 14th edition of Ethnologue (2000), where Fas and Quintar languages are mixed