Guyengola , Guiengola is a Zapotec fort in the Mexican state of Oaxaca, 14 km north of the city of Santo Domingo Teuantepec [1] , and 243 km southeast of the city of Oaxaca along Federal Highway 190. Visible ruins are located between the hill and the river, which both bear the same name - Guyengola. The name in the local Zapotek dialect means "large stone" [2] .
Guyengola was built in the post-classical period ( 1350 - 1521 ) and served as a reinforcement of sapoteks to protect against the Aztecs , who failed to capture it. The last ruler of this area in the pre-Columbian era was Kosijoeza , who successfully defended the fortress from Auisotl . The war ended with Kosihoesa marrying one of Auisotl's daughters [2] . From this marriage, Cosijopii, the last Zapotec king on the peninsula, was later baptized under the name Juan Cortes, and later convicted by the Inquisition for idolatry.
Although the boots, after the invasion of the Spaniards left the city, the latter did not occupy it, and the ruins were abandoned [1] .
To date, two large tombs have been excavated, which both apparently were family burial sites. Both tombs have frontal chambers for idols and rear chambers for burials proper [3] .
Also found walls of fortifications, the remains of residential buildings, fields for playing ball , other tombs and a large "palace" with the remains of artificial ponds and terraces [1] . In the center of the settlement there were two squares, one below the other, and 2 pyramids, one in the east and one in the west [2] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Quintanar Hinojosa, Beatriz. El Istmus de Tehuantepec (neopr.) // Guía México Desconocido: Oaxaca. - 2007 .-- August ( v. 137 ). - S. 92 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Turismo en Oaxaca: Zona Arqueologia de Guiengola unopened (unreachable link) . Date of treatment February 27, 2008. Archived February 16, 2008.
- ↑ Guia Turistica de Oaxaca Guiengola . Date of treatment February 27, 2008. Archived April 22, 2012.