Membranophone

Membranophones are one of the 4 main groups of instruments identified in this classification.

• 21. Percussion : ( drum , timpani ): sound arises due to impact on the membrane with a stick, mallet or hand.

• 211. Directly hit: do not use any mechanisms.
• 212. Rattles (see en: Pellet drum )

• 22. Pinch membrane phones (Indian gopi-yantra , anandalahari ): a string is attached under the center of the membrane by a node, which, when pinched, transfers vibrations to the membrane.
• 23. Friction ( bull ): sound is achieved due to friction on the membrane.

• 231. Stem: a stem connected to the membrane is subjected to friction, or the membrane is rubbed with its help.
• 232. Cord-friction: The cord associated with the membrane is subjected to friction .
• 233. Manual friction drums: the membrane is driven by hands.

• 24. Singing membranes (humming drums, myrtletons) when the membrane changes sound ( casu , comb or comb with a tissue paper membrane ^[1] ).

• 241. Free membranophones : air directly affects the membrane.
• 242. Pipe and vascular myrlitons : the membrane is inside the vessel (box).

Membrane Attachment

In this system, instruments are also classified by the method of fastening the membrane, the following suffixes are added to the classification:

• 6. The membrane is glued to the drum.
• 7. The membrane is nailed.
• 8. The membrane is tied with a belt or cord.
• 9. The membrane is pressed to the instrument with a hoop.

Mathematical physics deals with the theoretical study of membrane vibrations. Membrane oscillations are described by a wave equation related to partial differential equations .

After the occurrence, the oscillations are amplified by the instrument body, resonance arises in it and the overtones characteristic of each instrument are formed . The occurrence and transmission of vibrations is studied by acoustics .

In addition to membranes made of genuine leather , percussion instruments use membranes made of modern polyesters . They can be produced in various forms ^[2] :

• Sprayed membranes are used to simulate the sound of genuine leather, have a muffled sound.
• Membranes with oil consist of 2 layers with a layer of oil (or other viscous liquid) between them. They give a very muffled sound.
• Membranes with a dot allow you to achieve a clearer sound, to some extent increases durability.
• Membranes with a ring save sound from high frequencies, while the timbre of the drum is practically unchanged. They can be either “embedded” in the membrane itself or superimposed on top.