Boris V. Tomashevsky ( November 17 ( 29 ), 1890 , St. Petersburg - August 24, 1957 , Gurzuf ) - Soviet literary critic , poetry theorist and textologist , researcher of Pushkin’s work, translator, writer, member of the Union of Soviet Writers , head of the Handwriting Department and Pushkin’s Sector of Pushkin At home .
| Boris Viktorovich Tomashevsky | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | November 17 (29), 1890 |
| Place of Birth | St. Petersburg |
| Date of death | August 24, 1957 (66 years old) |
| Place of death | Gurzuf |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | literary studies textology theory of verse |
| Place of work | |
| Alma mater | University of Liege (1912); Sorbonne; St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute |
| Academic degree | Doctor of Philology |
| Academic rank | Professor |
| Famous students | B.P. Gorodetsky , I. M. Semenko |
| Known as | poet and textologist , researcher of Pushkin, writer |
Content
Biography
Due to participation in political gatherings at the end of the gymnasium (1908), he could not enter the Polytechnic Institute . He graduated from the University of Liege (1912) with a diploma in electrical engineering. I attended lectures at the Sorbonne .
Upon returning to Russia from 1912 to 1916 he studied at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute in the electro-mechanical department.
In 1915, he made his first publications on engineering and literature. He approached the circle of the Apollo magazine. He participated in the First World War , fought on the Austrian front (1915-1918). At the end of the war, he served in Moscow as an official in the statistical departments of various economic institutions. He got close to the members of the Moscow Linguistic Circle and joined the Society for the Study of the Theory of Poetic Language ( OPOYAZ ).
After moving to Petrograd (1921), he became an employee of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) and began to give lectures on textology, theory of literature and the work of A.S. Pushkin at the State Institute of Art History . Since 1924 he taught at the Department of Russian Literature at Leningrad University (professor since 1942 ).
During the campaign against the "formal school" he was dismissed from philological educational and scientific institutions (1931). He worked as a teacher of applied mathematics at the Institute of Railways. In connection with the centenary of the death of A.S. Pushkin ( 1937 ), he got the opportunity to return to philological activity .
Daughter Zoya (1922–2010) - architect, son Nikolai (1924–1993) - literary critic, translator.
Scientific activity
The compiler of the first Soviet one-volume edition of Pushkin (in 1924 - 1937 published 9 editions). He took part in the preparation and editing of academic publications of the works of F.M. Dostoevsky , A.N. Ostrovsky , selected texts by A.P. Chekhov , and later - the complete academic works of Pushkin ( 1937 - 1949 ). He participated in the compilation of the dictionary of Pushkin’s language and the publication of Pushkin’s volumes of “Literary Heritage”. He prepared a number of editions of the texts of poets of the XVIII - beginning of the XIX centuries in the series "Library of the poet."
The main works on poetry , poetics , stylistics , textology , Pushkin studies, French poetry.
The author of the books “Pushkin. Modern problems of historical and literary study ”( 1925 ),“ Theory of literature. Poetics "( 1925 )," Writer and book. Essay on textology ”( 1928 ; second edition 1959 ),“ On the verse ”( 1929 ), the popular textbook“ A Short Course in Poetics ”(fifth edition - L. , 1931) and others, as well as many articles.
Tomashevsky's works have been translated into many languages.
Tomashevsky and the Quiet Flows the Don Problem
According to the testimony of Z. B. Tomashevskaya, the daughter of B.V. Tomashevsky and philologist I.N. Medvedeva-Tomashevskaya , her parents have repeatedly spoken about the possibility of exfoliating the original text in relation to the novel " Quiet Don " and the problem of its authorship. literally drowning in countless and contradictory alterations. Only someone else's text could be treated like that ” [1] . Many years later, the widow of B.V. Tomashevsky I.N. Medvedev-Tomashevskaya began work on the book “The Quiet Flows the Don” (riddles of the novel), dedicated to the authorship of the novel, which remained incomplete and was published after her death [2] .
Addresses in Leningrad
- The House of the Court Stables Department ("Writing Superstructure") - 9 Griboedov Canal Embankment .
Notes
- ↑ Medvedev I.N. (D *) Stirrup “Quiet Don” (riddles of the novel). - M .: Horizon, 1993 .-- S. 123.
- ↑ Medvedev I.N. (D *) Stirrup “Quiet Don” (riddles of the novel). - M .: Horizon, 1993 .-- S. 121-126.
Literature
- Mazon A. [Nécrologie] // " Revue des études slaves ", 1957, t. 34, fasc. 1-4;
- Boris Viktorovich Tomashevsky. [Obituary] // " Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences. OLYA ", 1958, t. 18, c. one;
- Boris Viktorovich Tomashevsky. [Obituary] // “Scientific notes of Leningrad State University”, 1958, No. 261, Philological Series. sciences, vol. 49;
- Eichenbaum B.M. Textual works of B.V. Tomashevsky // Tomashevsky B.V. Writer and book. 2nd ed., M., 1959;
- Jacobson R. BV Tomaševskij (1890-1957) // International Journal of Slavic Linguistics and Poetics , 1959, t. 1-2.
- Izmailov N.V. B. V. Tomashevsky as a researcher of Pushkin // Pushkin: research and materials , vol. 3, M.-L., 1960;
- Friedlander G. M. B. V. Tomashevsky - literary theorist // Russian Literature . 1990. No. 4;
- B.V. Tomashevsky: On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth. M., 1991;
- B.V. Tomashevsky: Crimean pages. Simferopol, 2001.
Links
- Biography and list of publications
- Tomashevsky B.V. Writer and book. - M.-L .: Surf, 1928 .-- 230 s.
- Museum of B.V. Tomashevsky in Gurzuf
- Tomashevsky, Boris Viktorovich // Brief literary encyclopedia / Ch. ed. A.A. Surkov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1962-1978.