The Stepnaya Duma - a historical administrative unit in the Russian Empire in 1822-1903. It was established by the reform of the Siberian Administration on the basis of the "Statute on the Management of Foreigners" of 1822, drawn up by M. M. Speransky . It functioned as the supreme body of limited self-government of some peoples of Siberia , leading a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle (among the Buryats , Khakasses , Yakuts , Evenks ) - that is, according to the terminology of the Charter, among “vagrant and nomadic aliens ”. The entire administration of the steppe thoughts consisted, as a rule, of representatives of the local population.
Content
History of the Steppe Duma
The Steppe Duma united several administrative clans, or several clan councils (otherwise called foreign councils), which in turn united separate clans. The administration of the Duma consisted of the main ancestor ( taisha , etc.), goals and elected assessors. Wardens, elected assessors and heads could be hereditary or elected. They were approved in their posts by the governor , and the main ancestor was approved by the governor general .
The duties of the Steppe Duma consisted in accounting for the population, in the distribution of fees, in accounting for public funds and property, in the spread of agriculture and industry among foreigners, in protecting the interests of relatives to the higher authorities.
The clan and foreign administrations were in charge of local beautification, as well as the distribution and collection of taxes.
Over time, the steppe thoughts acquired some judicial functions. Complaints about the decisions of foreign administrations were addressed to the local police, and complaints about the police to the district court.
If baptized aliens were in the jurisdiction of the Steppe Duma, special elected representatives were appointed from them to the administration of the Steppe Duma.
In the late 1890s and early 1900s, as a result of the volost reform, the steppe thoughts were disbanded under the pretext of fighting the “local rich”, according to TSB , as part of the struggle against the growing influence of the local feudal nobility in the steppe thoughts. Nicholas II , responding to the request of the Buryat walkers for the preservation of the steppe thoughts, noted that the reform consolidates
the sedentary system of life is being drilled instead of a nomad, which has become incompatible with the economic interests of the other population of Siberia ... [1]
List of steppe thoughts
- Abakan Steppe Duma ( Khakass )
- Agin Steppe Duma ( Buryats )
- Alar Steppe Duma (Buryats)
- Askiz Steppe Duma (Khakass)
- Balagan Steppe Duma (Buryats)
- Barguzin Steppe Duma (Buryats)
- Verkholensk Steppe Duma ( Buryats )
- Idino Steppe Duma (Buryats)
- Kachinsky Steppe Duma (Khakass- Kachin residents)
- Koibal Steppe Duma (Khakass-Koibaly)
- Kudarin Steppe Duma (Buryats)
- Kudinsky Steppe Duma (Buryats)
- Kyzyl Steppe Duma (Khakass- Kyzyl residents)
- Olkhon Steppe Duma (Buryats)
- Selenginskaya Steppe Duma (Buryats)
- Tunkinsky Steppe Duma (Buryats)
- Urulginskaya Steppe Duma ( Evenks : Hamnigans , etc.)
- Khorinsky Steppe Duma (Buryats)
- Yakut Steppe Duma ( Yakuts )
Notes
- ↑ Quote from the newspaper Zabaykalsky Oblastnye Vedomosti. 1903. November 18. No. 139; NARB. F. 129. Op. 1. D. 4386. L. 44-44 about. Quoted from: B. Ts. Zhalsanova. "The reform is irrevocably ..." Documents of the National Archives of the Republic of Buryatia on volost reform in the Trans-Baikal region. 1901-1904 in the journal "Domestic Archives" No. 1 (2008), published on the website "Archives of Russia"
Links
- Steppe Duma in TSB
- The main events and dates of Eastern Siberia and Transbaikalia. XVII - XX centuries \\ from the book. PC. Barnavsky, G.A. Dyrkheeva, T.D. Skrynnikova. BURYAT ETHNICITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL MODERNIZATION (END OF XIX - FIRST THIRD OF XX CENTURIES). Irkutsk, 2003.
- B. Ts. Zhalsanova. "The reform is irrevocably ..." Documents of the National Archives of the Republic of Buryatia on volost reform in the Trans-Baikal region. 1901-1904 in the journal "Domestic Archives" No. 1 (2008), published on the website "Archives of Russia"
Literature
- Steppe Duma // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Baldanov Sergey Sayanovich. Administrative management of the Russian state of Buryatia (inaccessible link) (late XVII - early XX centuries). Editor T.N. Chudinova. VSSTU Publishing House, Ulan-Ude, 2005.