Kommunarka (Moscow)

The name Kommunarka was assigned to a small farm near the village of Fityarevo ^[3] in 1925 at the initiative of Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky ^[4] , and in 1929 the construction of the large state farm Kommunarka, which lasted until the beginning of the 1990s, began.

In 1628, the village of Fatyrevo (Fityarevo) on the river Fatyrenka (Vzderoshinochka) and Rylovsky ravine was the estate of the landlord, Prince Savely Ivanovich Kozlovsky ^[5] . Then it goes to his son, Prince Grigory Savelievich and grandson, Semyon Grigorievich Kozlovsky. Presumably, until 1628 Fitarevo was part of the neighboring Stolbovskoy dacha ^[6] . The boundary between the village of Pines of Simonov Monastery and the local land of Prince Ivan Mosalsky, the village of Stolbovo, dates back to 1619, it also covers Fitarevo ^[5] .

After Prince Semyon Kozlovsky, Fityarevo passed into the hands of various owners - the Sidlovskys, Yurievs (1767), the princes Tsitsianovs and Repnins. In 1895, it belongs to Major General Fedor Vasilyevich Pavlov ^[7] . There is a legend that in 1812, when the French retreated from Moscow, Marshal Ney slept in Fityarevo and even forgot his sword and some draft papers.

In the 1920s, Kommunarka and Fityarevo were independent settlements ^[8] , which were located at a small ( within one to two kilometers ) distance from each other. In the 1930s, when the creation of a large state farm began, it seems that the village of Kommunarka absorbed Fityarevo. Since the 1960s, Kommunarka has been referred to in the literature as a full-fledged urban-type settlement ^[9] .

The state farm in 1920 was located in the village of Stolbovo and was not called Kommunarka, but the Stolbovo state farm. In 1925, from the nearest estates “Tyulyaevo” they began to move to Fitarevo ( where at that time there were 6 houses ) other houses, buildings, cattle - and this district of the village was called the state farm “Fitarevo”. The farm manager V. G. Medvedsky recommended renaming this farm to the Kommunarka farm, as the children's Commune was located in house number 8.

In memory of the old toponym in Kommunark there is Fitarovskaya street.

In 1928, the country's industrialization plan was adopted, and in 1930 they began to build livestock farms, a dairy, a hospital with a maternity hospital, a high school, a club and residential buildings. In 1933, a single-track railway line was made from Butovo station ( dismantled, separate man-made structures were preserved ) ^[10] . In 1935, a linden park was planted, which has survived to this day. In the 1930s, to the west of the village of Kommunarka, there was a firing range where thousands of people were executed and buried during the years of political repression . Here was the suburban residence of the chairman of the OGPU and the people's commissar of the NKVD, Heinrich Yagoda .

In the 1990s, when the whole system of state farms and collective farms collapsed, “personal” privatization of all assets began in Kommunarka.

In 2013, the central road of the village was renamed Alexandra Monakhova Street ^[11] . In 2018, an initiative appeared to name one of the squares of the village by the name of Tove Jansson ^[12] .

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  Communicator in a satellite image of 2000

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  Kommunarka in a satellite image of 2019

According to the All-Russian Census , in 2002, 4,723 people lived in the village (2,152 men and 2,571 women) ^[14] .

From 2009 to 2015, 79 houses have been built or are currently under construction in the village (excluding the residential complex “Spanish Quarters”, “New Star”). As of February 2015, 54 houses (13,682 apartments) were commissioned ^[16] .

In the village there is the Kommunarka Culture House, Secondary School No. 2070 ^[17] (established in 2013 as a result of the merger ^{[18] of} two educational institutions of the village - the municipal educational institution “Kommunarskaya Secondary School” and Kommunarsky versatile Lyceum No. 1791 ^[19] , kindergarten (child development center) No. 27 “Semitsvetik”, sports complex “Prometheus”, equestrian club “Nimbus”.

At the beginning of 2015, as part of the construction of the administrative and business center, construction began on the prefecture of the Tyumen Autonomous Region ^[20] . The city authorities plan to complete the project of the administrative and business center in Kommunark in 2025 ^[21] .

The construction of a “transit” road from the Kaluga highway to Butovo (a six-lane highway) through Kommunarka causes discontent among the population of the village. Against the construction of a “transit road” and the felling of 2713 trees and 5522 bushes in the autumn of 2013, an action to collect signatures was organized under the slogan “No transit!” And a special website for the initiative group was created ^[22] .

A significant proportion of the infrastructure of Kommunarka is located on the first floors of residential buildings. The richest in shops and institutions street Lipovy Park located in the LCD "A101". Here is a real abundance of small business entrepreneurs. Another street popular with tenants is ul. Alexandra Monakhova. In Kommunarka there are many grocery and specialized stores, beauty salons and cafes.

Kommunarka is connected to Moscow by bus routes Mosgortrans No. 882 from the Tyoply Stan metro station, No. 895 K from the Tyoply Stan metro station to Kommunarka metro station, No. 895 from the Tyoply Stan metro station to the 2nd microdistrict stop South Butov ", No. 288 from Butovo station to the Edalgo microdistrict. In addition, you can get to the village by shuttle bus 1170 (metro station Teply Stan - metro station Admiral Ushakov Boulevard). From the Tyoply Stan metro station, the road takes 15 minutes to the village.

In 2014-2015 reconstruction was carried out with the extension of the road to the area of South Butovo . As a result, the street was expanded from 2 to 4-6 lanes. On July 1, Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin took part in the opening of the road after reconstruction ^[23] .

Design was completed and at the end of 2016 the reconstruction of the Kaluga highway was completed.

Metro

In 2019, the construction of the Sokolnicheskaya line Salaryevo - Kommunarka was completed , which runs southwest of the main territory of the village. The construction of the first stage of the Kommunarskaya (Troitskaya) line, which will pass through the village from north to south, continues.

Tramway Projects

In Kommunarka, the intersection of several tram lines is planned in two main directions. The first direction is from the Michurinets railway station through the ADC of the Sosenskoye settlement to the Butovo railway station. The second - from the village of Mamyri to Andreevsky. The start of construction is scheduled for 2020 ^[24] .

• The official website of the authorities of the settlement of Sosenskoye in Moscow
• The historical arch in Kommunarka will be recreated with eggs: They symbolized the house that was located on the state farm in the Soviet years / MK.RU. December 22, 2016