Grand Duchy of Baden

The predecessor of the Grand Duchy, the Baden Margrave was created in the XII century , and then divided into several lands, which in 1771 were again united into a single Margrave.

In 1803, Baden became the Elector of the Holy Roman Empire.

In the Pressburg Peace of 1805, the ancient clan possession of the Dukes of Tseringen - Breisgau was annexed to Baden.

In 1806, the territory of Baden expanded due to the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire . Thanks to the entry into the Rhine Union , Baden was renamed the Grand Duchy and the majority of the Fürsternberg possessions, the Landgrafism of Kletgau, the Principality of Leiningen and others were joined to it.

In 1815, the Grand Duchy joined the German Union .

During the 1848 revolution , Baden was the center of revolutionary activity. In 1849, Baden became the only German state-republic, however, for a short time: the revolution in the duchy was suppressed by the Prussian troops.

The Grand Duchy of Baden remained independent until the creation of the German Empire in 1871 .

After the 1918 revolution , Baden became part of the Weimar Republic (see Republic of Baden ).

The Head of State - the Grand Duke, the legislature - the Baden Estate ( Badische Ständeversammlung ), consisted of the First Chamber ( Erste Kammer ), consisting of the titled nobility, and the Second Chamber ( Zweite Kammer ), elected by electors on the basis of property qualification. The executive body - the Baden State Ministry ( Badische Staatsministerium ), was appointed by the Grand Duke and was responsible to him.

Grand Dukes of the Tseringen Dynasty:

• 1806 - 1811 : Karl Friedrich (* 1728; † 1811)
• 1811 - 1818 : Karl (* 1786; † 1818)
• 1818 - 1830 : Ludwig I (* 1763; † 1830)
• 1830 - 1852 : Leopold (* 1790; † 1852)
• 1852 - 1858 : Ludwig II (* 1824; † 1858)
• 1858 - 1907 : Frederick I (* 1826; † 1907), (since 1852 - Regent)
• 1907 - 1918 : Frederick II (* 1857; † 1928)

The territory of Baden was divided into districts ( Landeskommissärbezirk ) (until 1864 - kreis ), districts into districts ( bezirksamt ), districts into communities ( gemeinde ). The district was headed by the amtmanns, the representative bodies of the communities - the community councils ( gemeinderat ), and the burgomaster or village head ( gemeindevorsteher ) led the communities. .

• Freiburg District ( Landeskommissärbezirk Freiburg )
• Karlsruhe County ( Landeskommissärbezirk Karlsruhe )
• Constance District ( Landeskommissärbezirk Konstanz )
• Mannheim District ( Landeskommissärbezirk Mannheim )

The highest judicial authority is Karlsrui Oberlandesgericht Karlsruhe , previously the Supreme Court of Appeal ( Oberhofgericht Mannheim ), courts of appeal - landgericht , formerly district and court courts ( kreis- und hofgericht ) ( hofgericht )), the courts of first instance - amtsgericht ( amtsgericht ) (until 1857 - becixamts).

• (Freiburg District)
  • Freiburg Landgericht ( Landgericht Freiburg )
  • Offenburg Landgericht ( Landgericht Karlsruhe )
• (Karlsruj district)
  • Karlsruhe Landgericht ( Landgericht Karlsruhe )
• (Constance district)
  • Konstanz Landgericht ( Landgericht Konstanz )
  • Waldshut Landgericht ( Landgericht Waldshut )
• (Mannheim District)
  • Mannheim Landgericht ( Landgericht Mannheim )
  • Mosbachm Landgericht ( Landgericht Mosbach )

• Baden army
  • 1st Grenadier Regiment
  • 2nd Grenadier Regiment
  • 3rd Infantry Regiment
  • 4th Infantry Regiment
  • 5th Infantry Regiment
  • 6th Infantry Regiment
  • 1st Dragoon Regiment
  • 2nd Dragoon Regiment
  • 3rd Dragoon Regiment
  • Artillery regiment
• Baden Police
• Landver:
  • Landwehr-Bataillon Gerlachsheim Landwehr Battalion (110th (2nd Württemberg Landwehr Infantry Regiment)
  • Heidelberg Landwehr Battalion ( Landwehr-Bataillon Heidelberg ) (110th (2nd Württemberg Landwehr Infantry Regiment)
  • Landwehr-Bataillon Bruchsal Battalion (111th (3rd Württemberg) Landver Infantry Regiment)
  • Landwehr-Bataillon Carlsruhe Landwehr Battalion (111th (3rd Württemberg) Landwehr Infantry Regiment)
  • Landwehr-Bataillon Rastatt Battalion ( Landwehr-Bataillon Rastatt ) (112th (4th Württemberg) Landver Infantry Regiment)
  • Offweburg Landwehr Battalion ( Landwehr-Bataillon Offenburg ) ( Landwehr 112th (4th Wurttemberg) Landwehr Infantry Regiment)
  • Freiburg Landwehr Battalion ( Landwehr-Bataillon Freiburg ) ( Landwehr-Bataillon Freiburg (113th (5th Württemberg) Landwehr Infantry Regiment)
  • Landwehr-Bataillon Lörrach Battalion ( Landwehr-Bataillon Lörrach ) (113th (5th Württemberg) Landver Infantry Regiment)
  • Landwehr-Bataillon Donaueschingen battalion ( Landwehr-Bataillon Donaueschingen ) ( Landwehr 114th (6th Wurttemberg) infantry regiment)
  • Stockwehr Landwehr Battalion (L andwehr-Bataillon Stockach ) (Landwehr 114th (6th Württemberg) Infantry Regiment)

• Freiburg District
  • Freiburg - 61.504
  • Offenburg - 13.664
• Karlsruj County
  • Karlsruhe - 97.185
  • Pforzheim - 43.351
• Constance district
  • Konstanz - 21.445
  • Villingen - 7.819
• Manheim District
  • Manheim - 141.131
  • Heidelberg - 40.121

The monetary unit is the mark (until 1871 - the Baden Guilder), the bargaining chip is the Pfennig. The railway communication operator is the Grand Duchy State Railways ( Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahne ), a tram existed in Manheim, Heidelberg, Freiburg, Karlsruhe, Pforzheim and the post and phone operator is Baden State Post Office.

• Baden
• The story of Baden
• List of rulers of Baden
• The revolution of 1848-1849

• Baden // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
• Vodovozov V.V. Baden, the Grand Duchy // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.