Ural economic region

1.   Bashkortostan
2.   Kurgan region
3.   Orenburg region
4.   Perm region
5.   Sverdlovsk region
6.   Udmurtia
7.   Chelyabinsk region

According to mathematical calculations made on the basis of the data ^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]} Rosstat , for 2018 there is such a picture regarding the population

• Population: 18,841,008
• Area: 823.3 ^[8] thousand km²
• Area : 22.88 people / km²
• Share of urban population: 73%
• Millionaire cities: Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Ufa.

EGP is beneficial. There are rich parts of Russia near the Ural economic region, such as the Volga-Vyatka economic region , the Volga region , and Western Siberia . The region is also bordered by Kazakhstan , which ensures the safe development of the region. Also in the territory of the district are transit trains.

The climate of the Ural economic region is more continental. It changes from the north (the colder part) to the south (the warmer part). For agriculture, steppes with chernozem are used. Mountains of the Urals. Have a stock of copper, nickel, zinc ores. One of the most important roles is the extraction of aluminum and titanium. It is also worth noting that the Urals has huge reserves of table and potassium salts.

The main industries are ferrous (Nizhny Tagil, Chelyabinsk, Novotroitsk, Magnitogorsk) and non-ferrous metallurgy (Kyshtym, Kamyshlov). Also, machine building (energy, transport, agriculture), forestry, chemical, petrochemical and mining and chemical industries are no less important. Oil and gas production and processing. Electricity - Beloyarsk NPP.

In agriculture - the production of grain, livestock products and cattle.

The Ural economic region is located in the Middle and Southern Urals , partly in the Northern Urals , as well as in the adjacent parts of the East European and West Siberian plains . The territory of the district is crossed by the rivers belonging to the Volga basin ( Kama , Vishera , Chusovaya , Samara ), Ob ( Tobol , Iset , Tura , Tavda ) and the Urals . Potential hydropower resources of large and medium-sized rivers of the Ural economic region are estimated at 3.3 million kW; reservoirs have been built on the Kama River ( Votkinskoye and Kama ). In the western part of the region, the climate is temperate continental, in the Urals and east of it continental. 143% of the area is covered mainly by taiga forests; timber reserves of 3.5 billion m³. In the southern part, steppes predominate, much plowed.

The Ural economic region is exceptionally rich in a variety of minerals. This is a highly developed diverse and complex structure of the heavy industry production complex. The extraction of mineral raw materials and gas, the harvesting and processing of wood are of national importance. For industry, the Ural economic region is particularly characterized by a high level of concentration of production, intra-industry and inter-industry cooperation and combination, widespread use of many industrial wastes, developed infrastructure, mainly confined to the eastern slopes of the Urals (the richest in minerals), and the main transport hubs.

Natural resources:

🔻 Oil (Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, Perm)

🔻 Iron ore (Sverdlovsk region - Kachkanar, Chelyabinsk)

🔻 Copper ore (Sverdlovsk region)

🔻 Copper-Nickel ores (Sverdlovsk Region, Chelyabinsk)

🔻 Potash salts (Perm)

🔻 Brown coal (Chelyabinsk)

🔻 Coal (Perm)

🔻 Natural gas (Orenburg)

🔻 Forest (Bashkiria, Udmurtia, Perm, Sverdlovsk region)

For the production of engineering and metalworking, the Ural Economic Region is one of the leading regions of the country. Heavy engineering plants ( Uralmash , Buzuluksky), chemical engineering ( Uralkhimmash , Glazovsky plant, etc.), for the production of power equipment and the electrical industry (plants: Turbomotor, Uralelectrotyazhmash) are distinguished. Transport engineering is widely represented (production of freight cars in Nizhny Tagil , cars in Miass and Izhevsk , motorcycles in Izhevsk and Irbit , heavy tractors in Chelyabinsk , tractor trailers in Orsk , buses in Neftekamsk , Kurgan ). The machine tool industry is developed (in Chelyabinsk, Orenburg , Alapaevsk , etc.). A variety of agricultural products are produced. cars ( Kurgan , etc.), electrical appliances, radios and radio sets, refrigerators (18% of all-Union production) and other cultural and domestic machines. The enterprises of the Ural economic region use a significant share of the locally produced metal.

The metallurgical industry is one of the oldest branches of the Ural economic region, formed on a rich local resource base. The main enterprises: Magnitogorsk , Nizhny Tagil , Orsk-Khalilovsky , Uchalinsky metallurgical plants, Chelyabinsk plant with coke plants using coal from Kuzbass and the Karaganda basin . Among the old reconstructed enterprises stand Plant them. Serov , Zlatoust , Chusovskoy , Lysvensky , Verkh-Isetsky factories . Pipe production has been established (plants: Pervouralsky , Sinarsky , Chelyabinsk). There is a large production of ferroalloys . More than half of the iron ore for metallurgical enterprises comes from the deposits of Magnitogorsk, Vysokogorsky, Goroblagodatsky, Pervouralsky, Bakalsky groups and others. In 1963, a mining and processing plant was commissioned at the largest Kachkanarsky titanomagnetite deposit. Orsk-Khalilovsky, Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk and other metallurgical plants receive, in addition to ore from deposits in the Urals, iron ore concentrates from Kazakhstan and the Kursk magnetic anomaly. In the Ural economic region, almost all the main branches of non-ferrous metallurgy are represented.

An important branch of the chemical industry is basic chemistry: the production of soda ( Berezniki , Solikamsk , Sterlitamak ), mineral fertilizers (potash in Berezniki and Solikamsk, nitrogen and phosphorus in Berezniki, Perm , Krasnouralsk , Revda , etc.), sulfuric acid and sulfur (mainly in centers of non-ferrous metallurgy and petrochemical chemistry), chlorine and chlorine derivatives, various salts, etc. By-product coke and timber chemical industries are developed, there is a paint and varnish production. Significant production of plastics and resins ( Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Tagil, Gubakha , etc.), alcohols (Orsk, Gubakha), production of synthetic rubber (Tchaikovsky), etc. is being created. The petrochemical industry is developing (Ufa, Perm, Yekaterinburg, Orenburg, Salavat), production of artificial fibers and threads. The Ural Economic Region is the most important region for the extraction and partial processing of asbestos (Bazhenovskoye and Kiyembayskoye deposits), talc (Miass deposits), magnesite (Satka deposit). The region has a developed construction materials industry (in 1975, 14.6 million tons of cement, 6.8 million m³ of precast concrete structures and parts, etc. were produced). Woodworking enterprises process about half of the harvested wood; most of it goes to the production of paper (1 million tons in 1973), lumber, plywood (213 thousand m ² in 1973), and others. A significant part of the forest is rafted along the Kama River to the Volga region. Large integrated wood processing enterprises were built (Perm, Krasnokamsk, Tavda, Krasnovishersk, etc.).

Of the light and food industries, milling, meat and dairy, leather and footwear, sewing, and textile stand out. There are a worsted combine and a factory of linen fabrics (Yekaterinburg), silk fabric combines, mainly synthetic (Orenburg, Tchaikovsky).

Agriculture is an important sector of the economy of the Ural economic region, specializing in the cultivation of mainly spring wheat, meat and dairy farming; around the main industrial centers - suburban agriculture. The leading place in agricultural production belongs to state farms. Agricultural land ( 1974 ) makes up 41% of the total area of ​​the region, occupying mainly the territory of the Southern Urals and Southern Trans-Urals; of them arable land - 17.8 million hectares, hayfields - 2.9 million hectares, pastures - 7 million hectares. The area of ​​irrigated lands is 128 thousand ha, and drained - 70 thousand ha. The total sown area is 16.4 million ha (1975), of which 10.9 million ha under grain crops, 4.9 million ha by forage crops, 0.1 million ha by industrial crops (sunflower, flax), and 0 by potatoes and vegetables , 5 million hectares. Crops of wheat, mainly spring (5.7 million ha), prevail. A greenhouse-greenhouse economy is developed. Livestock (at the beginning of 1976, million): cattle - 6.2 (of which 2.3 cows), pigs - 2.0, sheep and goats - 4.6, poultry - 34.6. Large industrial livestock complexes and poultry farms have been created.

The specialization of the agricultural sector of the Urals is grain (spring wheat, rye, oats) and livestock products (milk, meat, wool). The most developed agriculture in Bashkortostan and the Orenburg region.

In the structure of sown areas of the Urals, the largest share is occupied by grain crops (about 63%), as well as forage crops (over 32%). Potatoes, vegetables, flax flax, sunflower, and sugar beets are also grown. The share of industrial crops in crops is small - a little more than 1.5%, which is associated with their high labor intensity. The main crops of grain are concentrated in the Orenburg region and in Bashkortostan.

In the structure of agricultural production in the Urals, animal husbandry prevails: in the north - dairy cattle breeding, poultry farming, in the south of the district - meat and dairy and meat cattle breeding, sheep breeding, the role of pig farming is growing. An important task facing the agriculture of the Urals is to increase the yield of grain crops and livestock productivity.

The food industry of the region is represented by flour mills and dairy plants and combines, meat processing plants. The main role is played by the meat industry.

The main mode of transport is railway (operational length of railways is 9.9 thousand km, 1975). The most important of the regional lines is the Polunochnoe - Serov - Sverdlovsk - Chelyabinsk - Orsk railway line. The main railway lines are latitudinal, cross the Middle and Southern Urals in 6 places (Nizhny Tagil - Perm, Yekaterinburg - Perm, Yekaterinburg - Kazan, Chelyabinsk - Ufa , Ufa - Magnitogorsk , Orsk - Orenburg). A significant part of the railways is electrified, which is associated with high cargo intensity and a large number of lifts in many sections. A powerful system of pipelines passes through the territory of the Ural economic region, providing gas (from the northern regions of the Tyumen region and Central Asia ) and oil (from Western Siberia ) to the Urals. Water transport is developed on the rivers of the Kama basin.

• The eastern slopes of the Urals are the main meridional industrial strip with a predominance of metal mining and processing and with suburban agriculture zones gravitating towards it. The most important industrial agglomerations and nodes with centers in Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Tagil, Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Orsk;
• The Middle Prikamye with a predominance of the chemical, forestry and timber processing industries, mechanical engineering, and agricultural areas of the dairy and vegetable-potato sectors. Industrial centers - Berezniki, Solikamsk, Perm, Lysva, Tchaikovsky and others;
• Western slopes of the Middle Urals - industrial units and centers with a predominance of mining, engineering
• Areas of large agricultural production with centers of mining and manufacturing in the southwest and southeast, as well as areas of large forest industry (in some places combined with agriculture) with separate processing centers in the northwest and northeast of the region.

• Asian part of Russia
• european part of Russia

1. ↑ Population of Udmurtia
2. ↑ Population of Chelyabinsk region
3. ↑ Population of the Sverdlovsk region
4. ↑ Population of Perm region
5. ↑ Population of the Orenburg region
6. ↑ Population of Kurgan region
7. ↑ Population of Bashkortostan
8. ↑ Economic zoning of Russia