| Periods of history of thailand |
|---|
 |
| Primeval thailand |
| Early history of thailand |
The first states of Thailand (3000 BC - 1238 BC)
|
| Sukhothai (1238-1448) In parallel, there were:
|
| Ayutthaya (1351-1767) |
| Thonburi (1768-1782) |
| Rattanakosin (1782-1932) |
Kingdom of Thailand
|
Traces of the first hominids were found in the north and west of Thailand. The fossil remains of Homo erectus ("Lampang Man") were discovered in 1999 by Somsak Pramankit in the Koh Kha region in Lampang Province , they date from about 1 million to 500 thousand years ago. A large number of stone tools were found in Kanchanaburi , Ubon Ratchathani , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Lopburi and several other places. Homo erectus migrated to Asia from Africa, where it came from, and learned to own fire, which helped him lead a hunting and gathering lifestyle. Homo erectus' skull was smaller and thicker than the skull of a modern person. He lived in caves near rivers. Its main natural rivals were the giant hyena ( Hyaena senesis ), saber-toothed tiger , orangutan and big panda .
As genetic studies show, representatives of ancient hominids could not interbreed with humans, and therefore, are not genetically related to the modern population of Southeast Asia [1] .
Content
- 1 10000 - 5000 years ago: Neolithic
- 1.1 Neolithic settlements in Thailand
- 2,500 years ago: the Bronze Age
- 2.1 Bronze Age settlements in Thailand
- 3 1700 years ago: the Iron Age
- 3.1 Iron Age settlements in Thailand
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
- 6 References
10,000 - 5,000 years ago: Neolithic
Neolithic - the final stage of the Stone Age, when people mastered the agricultural lifestyle. The art of processing tools reached such perfection that the first metal tools appeared at the end of the Neolithic. Depending on the region, the Neolithic goes into the Copper Age ( chalcolithic ), into the Bronze Age, or even directly into the Iron Age.
Rock paintings dating back about 10 thousand years ago were discovered in northwestern Thailand.
Neolithic culture originated in many places in Thailand. Around 9000 BC e. people began to eat cereals widely and gradually switched to their purposeful cultivation. In the early Neolithic period, only a small number of crops were cultivated, in particular, betel nut , beans , peas , peppers , cucumber [2] , people bred domesticated cattle and pigs. The Neolithic is also characterized by a transition from temporary, seasonal settlements to permanent settlements and the emergence of ceramics. At the same time, the Neolithic of Southeast Asia arose completely independently of the Neolithic in the Middle East.
Neolithic Settlements in Thailand
- "Cave of Spirits" ( Thai. ถ้ำ ผี แมน ) - in the Pangmapha area, Mae Hongson province, northwestern Thailand. It was inhabited in 9000 - 5500 years. BC e. Hoa Bin culture hunters who came from North Vietnam. The monument is located at an altitude of 650 meters above sea level on the side of a hill above the Salvin River.
- Wang Bhodi , ( Thai วัง โพธิ ) - in the Sayok area, Kanchanaburi province, western Thailand. Dating from 4500 - 3000 years. BC e. During excavations that began after the 2nd World War, a large number of stone tools were found in caves and along the rivers of the region.
- Banchiang ( Thai บ้าน เชียง ) is in Nong Khan , Udon Thani Province. The bulk of the burials by thermoluminescence is attributed to 4420 - 3400 years. BC e. In the oldest burials, bronze objects are absent, thus, they belong to the Neolithic era, while later burials belong to the Iron Age. [3]
2500 years ago: the Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was the period when the first civilizations arose. The first attempts to create an alloy of copper with tin in Thailand date back to 5 thousand BC. e. , but it was in the Bronze Age that this alloy gained distribution due to the natural deposits of copper and tin in Thailand.
Bronze Age Settlements in Thailand
- Banchiang - the oldest burial site dates back to 2100 BC. e., the latest - about 200 g. e. Fragments of boilers and bronze items (jewelry, spearheads, axes, awls, hooks, knives, bells, etc.) were found here [3]
1,700 years ago: the Iron Age
The advent of iron implements also introduced changes in agricultural practice, and in many places, though not everywhere, it complicated the social structure, religious beliefs, and artistic styles.
Iron Age settlements in Thailand
- Non Nok Tha ( Thai โนน นก ทา ) - in the Phu Wiang area , Khon Kaen province, northeast Thailand. Dating from 1420 - 50 years. BC e.
- Lopburi Artillery Center ( Thai ศูนย์กลาง ทหาร ปืน ใหญ่ ) is located in Mueang , Lopburi Province , northeast Thailand. Dated 1225-700 years. BC e.
- Ong Ba Cave ( Thai อง บะ ) is located in Sri Savat , Kanchanaburi Province , western Thailand. Dates 310-150 years. BC e.
- Ban Don Ta Phet ( Thai บ้าน ดอน ตา เพชร ) is located in Phanom Thuang , Kanchanaburi Province , western Thailand. Dated to 24 BC. e. - 276 g. e. Many artifacts found in the necropolis of the 4th century testify to trade relations with India , Vietnam and the Philippines .
See also
- en: Initial states of Thailand - The First States of Thailand
- en: Peopling of Thailand - Thailand Settlement History
Notes
- ↑ Mapping human history p. 130-131.
- ↑ Gorman C. (1971) The Hoabinhian and After: Subsistence Patterns in Southeast Asia during the Late Pleistocene and Early Recent Periods. World Archeology 2: 300-320
- ↑ 1 2 Charles Higham (archaeologist) | Higham, Charles, Prehistoric Thailand , ISBN 974-8225-30-5 , pp. 84-88.
Links
- This Ancient Land of Dinosaurs, Siamoid, Siamese, and Thais ; English and Thai