World Chess Championship Matches

Matches for the title of world chess champion are fights in which the best chess player of the world is determined.

Unofficial matches

No.	match			score			AT	P	N	year	a place
one	Louis Labourdonne	-	Alexander McDonnell	51½	:	33½	45	27	13	1834	London
2	Howard Staunton	-	Pierre de Saint-Amand	13	:	eight	eleven	6	four	1843	Paris
3	Howard Staunton	-	Bernhard Horwitz	15½	:	8½	14	7	3	1846	London
four	Adolf Andersen	-	Paul Morphy	3	:	eight	2	7	2	1858	Paris
five	Adolf Andersen	-	Wilhelm Steinitz	6	:	eight	6	eight	0	1866	London

Official Matches

Hereinafter, a wiki link from the match year leads to an article about this match.

Before the split

No.	Match			Score			AT	P	N	Year	A place
one	Wilhelm Steinitz	-	Johann Zuckertort ^[1]	12½	:	7½	ten	five	five	1886	New York St. Louis New Orleans
2	Wilhelm Steinitz	-	Mikhail Chigorin	10½	:	6½	ten	6	one	1889	Havana
3	Wilhelm Steinitz	-	Isidore Gunsberg	10½	:	8½	6	four	9	1890-1891	New York
four	Wilhelm Steinitz	-	Mikhail Chigorin	12½	:	10½	ten	eight	five	1892	Havana
five	Wilhelm Steinitz	-	Emmanuel lasker	7	:	12	five	ten	four	1894	New York Philadelphia Montreal
6	Emmanuel lasker	-	Wilhelm Steinitz	12½	:	4½	ten	2	five	1896-1897	Moscow
7	Emmanuel lasker	-	Frank Marshall	11½	:	3½	eight	0	7	1907	USA
eight	Emmanuel lasker	-	Siegbert Tarrash	10½	:	5½	eight	3	five	1908	Dusseldorf Munich
9 ^[2]	Emmanuel lasker	-	David Yanovsky	eight	:	2	7	one	2	1909	Paris
ten	Emmanuel lasker	-	Karl Schlechter	five	:	five	one	one	eight	1910	Vienna Berlin
eleven	Emmanuel lasker	-	David Yanovsky	9½	:	1½	eight	0	3	1910	Berlin
12	Emmanuel lasker	-	Jose Raul Capablanca ^[3]	five	:	9	0	four	ten	1921	Havana
13	Jose Raul Capablanca	-	Alexander Alekhine	15½	:	18½	3	6	25	1927	Buenos Aires
14	Alexander Alekhine	-	Efim Bogolyubov	15½	:	9½	eleven	five	9	1929	Germany , the Netherlands
15	Alexander Alekhine	-	Efim Bogolyubov	15½	:	10½	eight	3	15	1934	Germany
sixteen	Alexander Alekhine	-	Max Euwe	14½	:	15½	eight	9	13	1935	Netherlands
17	Max Euwe	-	Alexander Alekhine	9½	:	15½	four	ten	eleven	1937	Netherlands
18	Mikhail Botvinnik ^[4] Vasily Smyslov Paul Keres Samuel Reshevsky Max Euwe		Match Tournament Five	14 eleven 10½ 10½ four			ten 6 eight 6 one	2 four 7 five 13	eight ten five 9 6	1948	The hague Moscow
nineteen	Mikhail Botvinnik	-	David Bronstein	12	:	12	five	five	14	1951	Moscow
20	Mikhail Botvinnik	-	Vasily Smyslov	12	:	12	7	7	ten	1954	Moscow
21	Mikhail Botvinnik	-	Vasily Smyslov	9½	:	12½	3	6	13	1957	Moscow
22	Vasily Smyslov	-	Mikhail Botvinnik ^[5]	10½	:	12½	five	7	eleven	1958	Moscow
23	Mikhail Botvinnik	-	Michael Tal	8½	:	12½	2	6	13	1960	Moscow
24	Michael Tal	-	Mikhail Botvinnik ^[5]	eight	:	13	five	ten	6	1961	Moscow
25	Mikhail Botvinnik	-	Tigran Petrosyan	9½	:	12½	2	five	15	1963	Moscow
26	Tigran Petrosyan	-	Boris Spassky	12½	:	11½	four	3	17	1966	Moscow
27	Tigran Petrosyan	-	Boris Spassky	10½	:	12½	four	6	13	1969	Moscow
28	Boris Spassky	-	Robert Fisher	8½	:	12½	3	7	eleven	1972	Reykjavik
29th	Robert Fisher	-	Anatoly Karpov ^[6]	0	:	0	0	0	0	1975
thirty	Anatoly Karpov	- without citizenship	Victor Korchnoi	16½	:	15½	6	five	21	1978	Baguio
31	Anatoly Karpov	-	Victor Korchnoi	eleven	:	7	6	2	ten	1981	Merano
32	Anatoly Karpov	-	Garry Kasparov ^[7]	25	:	23	five	3	40	1984-1985	Moscow
33	Anatoly Karpov	-	Garry Kasparov	eleven	:	13	3	five	sixteen	1985	Moscow
34	Garry Kasparov	-	Anatoly Karpov	12½	:	11½	five	four	15	1986	London Leningrad
35	Garry Kasparov	-	Anatoly Karpov	12	:	12	four	four	sixteen	1987	Seville
36	Garry Kasparov	^[8] -	Anatoly Karpov	12½	:	11½	four	3	17	1990	New York Lyon

Notes :

↑ The current champion is the first to be shown in the table, the winner of the match is highlighted in bold. History knows a lot of chess players who at one time were considered the strongest in the world: Francois Filidor , Louis Labourdonnay , Adolph Andersen , Paul Morphy and others. However, it was in this match that the title of world chess champion was officially officially played for the first time. The first champion was Wilhelm Steinitz .
↑ Some chess historians do not include this match as official.
↑ Emanuel Lasker held the chess crown for 27 years, longer than anyone else. The match with Capablanca Lasker did not finish the game and gave up after 14 games.
↑ After the champion Alexander Alekhine died undefeated in 1946, this title was played between the five strongest grandmasters of the time. Since that time, control over chess competitions has passed into the hands of FIDE . If until then the champion himself chose his opponents and determined the conditions of the match, then from that moment he was obliged to defend his title every three years in a match with the winner of the challenging cycle.
↑ ¹ ² Mikhail Botvinnik used the ex-champion’s right to revenge twice and both times successfully. By the time he lost the third time (to Tigran Petrosyan ), this rule was canceled, and Botvinnik did not want to start from scratch.
↑ Robert Fisher refused to play the match with the winner of the challenging cycle Anatoly Karpov , as a result of which April 3, 1975 was deprived of the FIDE title. The world champion was declared Karpov.
↑ The unprecedentedly prolonged Karpov-Kasparov match was prematurely interrupted by the then FIDE president Florencio Campomanes with a score of 5: 3 in favor of Karpov (to win the match, it was necessary to win 6 victories). The official reason for the termination of the match was declared concern for the health of chess players, which could be undermined by participation in such a long competition. However, this decision gave an occasion to supporters of both rivals to say that the player was “stolen from victory”: on the one hand, Karpov was one step away from winning the match, on the other, Kasparov confidently won the last games.
↑ Kasparov played under the white-blue-red flag .

According to the PSA version (according to “classical chess”)

In 1993, Kasparov and Short refused to play the next world championship match under the auspices of FIDE, forming a new organization - PSA , as a result of which FIDE deprived Kasparov of the title. The FIDE version of the world chess champion was played by Karpov and Timman (at that time they had the highest chess rating after Kasparov and Short). At the same time, Kasparov continued to consider himself a “real” world champion, as he defended his title in the match with the legal challenger - Short. Kramnik, who won the match against Kasparov in 2000, held the same point of view. Since PSA ceased to exist as a result of the loss of a sponsor due to Kasparov’s mistake (he requested sponsorship from a competitor of the main sponsor), the title became known as the “World Chess Champion”.

No.	Match			Score			AT	P	N	Year	A place
one	Garry Kasparov	-	Nigel Short	12½	:	7½	6	one	13	1993	London
2	Garry Kasparov	-	Viswanathan Anand	10½	:	7½	four	one	13	1995	New York
3	Garry Kasparov	-	Vladimir Kramnik	6½	:	8½	0	2	13	2000	London
four	Vladimir Kramnik	-	Peter Leko	7	:	7	2	2	ten	2004	Brissago

According to FIDE

No.	Match			Score			AT	P	N	Year	A place
one	Anatoly Karpov	-	Ian Timman	12½	:	8½	6	2	13	1993	Netherlands , Indonesia
2	Anatoly Karpov	-	Gata Kamsky	10½	:	7½	6	3	9	1996	Elista
3	Anatoly Karpov	-	Viswanathan Anand	5 (3)	:	3 (3)	4 (2)	2 (2)	2 (2)	1998	Lausanne
four	Alexander Khalifman	-	Vladimir Hakobyan	3½	:	2½	2	one	3	1999	tournament in vegas
five	Viswanathan Anand	-	Alexey Shirov	3½	:	0½	3	0	one	2000	Tehran
6	Ruslan Ponomarev	-	Vasily Ivanchuk	4½	:	2½	2	0	five	2002	Moscow
7	Rustam Kassymjanov	-	Michael adams	4½	:	3½	3	2	3	2004	Tripoli ( Libya )
eight	Veselin Topalov		tournament	10 from 14			6	0	eight	2005	San Luis Province ( Argentina )

Note: In 1999-2004, FIDE held world championships by knockout system, in which the current champion did not have any privileges and entered the game from the very beginning of the tournament. As a result, the title of champion almost every year passed from hand to hand.

Match Match

The split of the chess world was marked by the end of the unification match of 2006. In it, the FIDE world champion Veselin Topalov met with classical chess champion Vladimir Kramnik. By agreement, the match was to establish the absolute world champion, who will subsequently participate in the championship title under the auspices of FIDE.

No.	Match			Score			AT	P	N	Year	A place
one	Vladimir Kramnik	-	Veselin Topalov	8½ (6)	:	7½ (6)	5 (3)	4 (3)	7 (6)	2006	Elista ( Russia )

After merging


No.	Match			Score			AT	P	N	Year	A place
one	Viswanathan Anand		tournament	9 from 14			four	0	ten	2007	Mexico City ( Mexico )
2	Viswanathan Anand	-	Vladimir Kramnik	6½	:	4½	3	one	7	2008	Bonn ( Germany )
3	Viswanathan Anand	-	Veselin Topalov	6½	:	5½	3	2	7	2010	Sofia ( Bulgaria )
four	Viswanathan Anand	-	Boris Gelfand	8½ (6)	:	7½ (6)	2 (1)	eleven)	13 (10)	2012	Moscow (Russia)
five	Viswanathan Anand	-	Magnus Carlsen	3½	:	6½	0	3	7	2013	Chennai ( India )
6	Magnus Carlsen	-	Viswanathan Anand	6½	:	4½	3	one	7	2014	Sochi (Russia)
7	Magnus Carlsen	-	Sergey Karjakin	9 (6)	:	7 (6)	3 (1)	eleven)	12 (10)	2016	New York ( USA )
eight	Magnus Carlsen	-	Fabiano Caruana	9 (6)	:	6 (6)	thirty)	0	12 (12)	2018	London ( UK )

Literature

Davidson, Henry A. (1949, 1981). A Short History of Chess. McKay. ISBN 0-679-14550-8 .
Barcza, Alföldy, Kapu: Die Weltmeister des Schachspiels. Hamburg 1975
Jens Enevoldsen: Verdens bedste Skak, Politiken (Denmark) 1966

Links

World Chess Champions

[1] The current champion is the first to be shown in the table, the winner of the match is highlighted in bold. History knows a lot of chess players who at one time were considered the strongest in the world: Francois Filidor , Louis Labourdonnay , Adolph Andersen , Paul Morphy and others. However, it was in this match that the title of world chess champion was officially officially played for the first time. The first champion was Wilhelm Steinitz .

[2] Some chess historians do not include this match as official.

[3] Emanuel Lasker held the chess crown for 27 years, longer than anyone else. The match with Capablanca Lasker did not finish the game and gave up after 14 games.

[4] After the champion Alexander Alekhine died undefeated in 1946, this title was played between the five strongest grandmasters of the time. Since that time, control over chess competitions has passed into the hands of FIDE . If until then the champion himself chose his opponents and determined the conditions of the match, then from that moment he was obliged to defend his title every three years in a match with the winner of the challenging cycle.

[реванш-5] ¹ ² Mikhail Botvinnik used the ex-champion’s right to revenge twice and both times successfully. By the time he lost the third time (to Tigran Petrosyan ), this rule was canceled, and Botvinnik did not want to start from scratch.

[6] Robert Fisher refused to play the match with the winner of the challenging cycle Anatoly Karpov , as a result of which April 3, 1975 was deprived of the FIDE title. The world champion was declared Karpov.

[7] The unprecedentedly prolonged Karpov-Kasparov match was prematurely interrupted by the then FIDE president Florencio Campomanes with a score of 5: 3 in favor of Karpov (to win the match, it was necessary to win 6 victories). The official reason for the termination of the match was declared concern for the health of chess players, which could be undermined by participation in such a long competition. However, this decision gave an occasion to supporters of both rivals to say that the player was “stolen from victory”: on the one hand, Karpov was one step away from winning the match, on the other, Kasparov confidently won the last games.

[8] Kasparov played under the white-blue-red flag .