Kirovsk (Murmansk region)

The city is located on the Kola Peninsula , 205 km south of Murmansk , north of the Arctic Circle , on the southern outskirts of the Khibiny massif, on the shores of Lake Big Vudyavr and the Belaya River in the Umptek Valley.

In the municipality, the city "Kirovsk" with jurisdictional territory , in addition to Kirovsk includes the following settlements: Titan and Koashva ^[3] .

The city includes a separately located microdistrict Kukisvumchorr , located at the southern foot of Mount Kukisvumchorr .

In 1921-1923, as a result of geological surveys led by academician AE Fersman , rich deposits of apatite-nepheline ores were discovered in the Khibiny , the development of which began in 1929 with the Apatit trust.

At the same time as the construction of the mine and the processing plant, the city ​​was being built. The construction of the working village of Kukisvumchorr began in the summer of 1929 and on October 30, 1931, it received the status of a city of district subordination and the name Khibinogorsk . Participant in the design of Khibinogorsk was the architect K. I. Rosenstein ^[4] .

On December 15, 1934, by a resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, Khibinogorsk was renamed Kirovsk in memory of S. M. Kirov , who was killed on December 1, 1934. Kirov, being the first secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the CPSU (b), twice (in January 1930 and June 1932 ^[5] ) visited the city during trips to the Murmansk District , which was part of the Leningrad Region. He also directed his protege V. I. Kondrikov to lead the Apatit trust and the apatite industry.

In 1935-1954, Kirovsk was the center of the Kirov region , before that it was part of the Leningrad region.

On December 5, 1935, two avalanches descended from the slopes of Mount Yuksporr to the Kukisvumchorr microdistrict. Killed 89 people ^{[6] [7]} .

Kirovsk is the site of the creation of the first avalanche service in the USSR.

In 2005, the Khibinogorsk Convent was founded in the city.

By order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2014 No. 1398-r “On approval of the list of single-industry towns”, the municipality is included in the category “Single-industry municipal formations of the Russian Federation (single-industry towns) with the most difficult socio-economic situation” ^[8] .

In 2016, an avalanche descended from Yuksporr Mountain near the Kukisvumchorr microdistrict, in which three people died ^[9] .

As of January 1, 2019, the city was in 545th place out of 1,115 ^[26] cities of the Russian Federation in terms of population ^[27] .

The population living in the territory of the settlement, according to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census , is 28,625 people, including 12,968 men (45.3%) and 15,657 women (54.7%) ^{[28] [29]} .

The largest enterprise in Kirovsk is Apatit JSC, which is part of PhosAgro . The structure of this enterprise includes: 3 mines, where ore is mined both open pit and underground, 2 apatitenefelin concentration plants. Previously, there were three factories, but the very first apatitonefelin factory, built in the early 1930s, was closed in 1992 ^[30] .

In addition to Apatit JSC, food industry enterprises (the production of confectionery and soft drinks), as well as a furniture factory, operate in Kirovsk.

The tourism sector of the economy is developing - ski tourism, hotel business, renting apartments to skiers, organizing extreme tours and making souvenir products.

There are two city bus routes and one inter-municipal route (Kirovsk-Murmansk), served by Motorcade No. 1378 , a branch of Murmanskavtotrans in Apatity .

There is an inactive railway station Kirovsk-Murmansk on a branch from the city of Apatity .

The city has a branch of the Murmansk Arctic State University in the city of Kirovsk, opened on the basis of the Khibiny Technical College (since 2016).

There are several museums in the city: the corporate Museum and Exhibition Center of the Kirov branch of Apatit JSC ^[31] (formerly the Mining and Geological Museum), the local history museum and the Venedikt Yerofeyev library museum.

A part of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden Institute (PABSI) (another part in Apatity ) of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences is working in Kirovsk. PABSI is the northernmost (67 ° 38 'N) botanical garden in Russia, and one of the three botanical gardens in the world located beyond the Arctic Circle; in his collection - 2.5 thousand plants from all over the world.

Not far from the city is the educational and scientific base of the Geographical Faculty of Moscow State University (the former Khibiny Educational and Scientific Base), where students of the geographical faculty practice.

Every year (since 2008), at the foot of the Khibiny Mountains near Kirovsk, the “Snow Village” is erected - a unique complex of structures made of snow and ice of a certain theme, which is created by graphic designers and sculptors from various regions of Russia. “Snow Village” with an Olympic theme of 2.014 thousand square meters in 2012 was included in the “ Book of Records of Russia ” as the largest indoor target structure made of snow ^[32] .

Every year on the territory of the excursion and tourist center “Snow Village”, the international festival of snow figures “Snezholod” is held, which got into the top 200 best events of Russia for 2019 ^[33] .

Architectural buildings

• The Church of the Savior Not Made by Hand Image is the first stone church of the city, built in 2004 at the entrance to Kirovsk - on the very spot where the tents of the first settlers arrived from the whole country to build the Apatit factory in the 1920s. The five-domed church with a bell tower is made in the Russian style at the expense of parishioners and the administration of the Apatit mining and processing plant ^[34] .

Monuments, sculptures

• The sculpture "Sly Miner" is a gift from the trade union committee of OAO Apatit to the citizens on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the city. It is made of bronze in the creative workshop “The First Quarter” by sculptors D. Chebotarev and O. Sagakon. The image of a miner (about 1 m in size) on a block of apatite - a mineral, the extraction of which is the primary reason for the creation of the city of Kirovsk, was installed at the entrance to the Gornyak stadium ^[35] .

• The monument to S. M. Kirov is a historical and cultural landmark of the city, created according to the project of the honored artist of the Belarusian and Ukrainian SSR - sculptor M.G. Manizer and architect E.I. Catonina with funds raised by the residents of the city. The laying of the monument took place on December 30, 1934, and the official opening was on April 30, 1938. The bronze sculpture was made in 1937 by the Leningrad bronze foundry ^[36] .

Television

Television in Kirovsk is represented by all-Russian publicly accessible channels (analogue broadcasting): Channel One , Russia 1 , Russia 2 , Russia К / Euronews , NTV , Channel Five , STS ; regional channel TV-21 (broadcasting in tandem with STS ) and the local cable channel People’s television "Khibiny".

Broadcasting

• 100.7 FM - Road Radio
• 101.6 FM - Russian Radio
• 102.0 FM - Radio of Russia / State Television and Radio Company Murman
• 103.1 FM - The Militia Wave
• 103.5 FM - Retro FM
• 104.2 FM - Europe Plus
• 105.7 FM - Autoradio
• 106.7 FM - Radio Record

Print

Local print media include the Kirovsky Rabochiy and Khibiny Vestnik newspapers; Many national and regional print media are distributed.

Kirovsk is one of the centers of Russian skiing . In the area of ​​the city there are two prepared ski resorts:

• "Big Vudyavr" (southern and northern slopes of Mount Aikuayvenchorr : 5 drag lifts, chair and gondola lifts);
• "Kukisvumchorr" (the southern slope of Mount Kukisvumchorr , 3 ski lifts, baby lift, 6 tracks).

In 2014, a gondola-chairlift was opened on the northern slope of Mount Aikuayvenchorr ^[37] .

Also in the vicinity of the city is a promising place for freeride and backcountry . Every year, on the slopes of Mount Kukisvumchorr, the stage of freeride competitions Freeride World Qualifier 1 * and the Khibiny Open Cup are held.

High season on the slopes of Kirovsk due to the short daylight hours in winter - from March 15 to May 9 . Since 1937, all-Union and republican competitions have traditionally been held on the slopes of the Aikuayvenchorr and Kukisvumchorr mountains.

In the Khibiny, paragliding was seriously developed.

One of the popular geological tourist routes is a place with the Tietta memorial of the Fersman's Khibiny research mountain station of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1930-1938), burned down during the Second World War and subsequently transformed into the Kola branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences ^[38] . )

• For 17 years, Russian writer Venedikt Erofeev lived and studied in Kirovsk.
• For two years, the poet Nikolai Rubtsov studied at the Mining College in Kirovsk as a mine surveyor .
• Oleg Chirkunov , the former governor of the Perm Territory, was born in Kirovsk.
• Daria Serova , the Russian freestyle champion, was born in Kirovsk.
• Anton Bogdanov was born in Kirovsk, an actor in the television series Real Boys ^[39]
• Yuri Kamorny , a famous Soviet actor, lived in Kirovsk.
• The honorary resident of the city is Hero of Socialist Labor , director of the Apatit plant (association) from January 1964 to April 1983, Georgy Golovanov .
• Oleg Skrypka , a Ukrainian musician and leader of the Vopli Vidoplyasova band, lived in Kirovsk.

The Kola Peninsula and the city of Kirovsk are one of the most cinematic regions of Russia. Due to its proximity to the center of the country and picturesque landscapes, films were shot here, the action of which was unfolding according to the scenario in different regions of the country and the world. Murmansk region is a unique place. In a short time, in relative proximity, you can remove the sea, and the sands, and mountains, and the tundra, and swamps, and meadows. Incredible beauty of nature can be given out for Africa and the mountains of the Caucasus. Which, in fact, was what happened: fairy tales, films about the war, documentaries, and comedy films were filmed here.

In the Khibiny, films have been filmed since the 1930s. It was then that this region began to be called "Polar Hollywood." Basically, the unique "nature" of the northern region served to transmit third-party plots that were not connected with it in any way. But films were also shot here, the scene of which became the Khibiny themselves and the people who conquered the icy tundra and mountains. One of these paintings was the film "Avalanche", dedicated to the pioneers of Khibin. Workers Khibin devoted to the film "Facts of the past day."

In 2017, the shooting of the series Dead Lake (dir. R. Prygunov) took place in Kirovsk. The shooting took place at the foot of the Khibiny mountains and on the shore of Lake Big Vudyavr . In the series, the city of Kirovsk was called Changadan.

Movies

• The Seven Bold (1936)
• Volochaev Days (1937)
• Komsomolsk (1938)
• By Pike Command (1938)
• Member of the Government (1940)
• Behind Enemy Lines (1941)
• Footprints in the Snow (1955)
• Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka (1961)
• Head of Chukotka (1966)
• If you are a man ... (1971)
• Avalanche (1975)
• Smok and the Kid (1975)
• A moment of luck (1977)
• Commission of Inquiry (1978)
• Life Line (1980)
• The facts of the past day (1981)
• City under the North Star (1982)
• Very Faithful Wife (1992)
• Cuckoo (2002)
• Testament of Lenin (2007)
• Mystery of the Dyatlov Pass (2012)
• Leviathan (2014)
• Seneca Day (Lithuania, 2014)
• Penguin of our time (Germany, 2015)
• From the bottom of the peak (2016)
• Icebreaker (2016)
• Big (2017)
• Somewhere at the End of the World (2017)
• Dead Lake (2017/2019)

•   Tornio ^[40]
•   Harstad ^[40]
•   Gallivare ^[40]
•   Newry ^[41]

• Kirovsk Map
• Review article on Kirovsk (guide)
• Unofficial forum of the city of Kirovsk

•   Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kirovsk