Mahmoud Shevket Pasha

Born in 1856 in Baghdad . His family has Chechen ^[1] roots, his grandfather moved from Tiflis to Iraq, where representatives of the clan held several senior generations of senior leadership posts. The ancestors of Shevket Pasha moved from eastern Chechnya to Tiflis, fleeing blood feud . After graduating from school in Baghdad, he entered the Military Academy in Istanbul. ^[2] Since 1882 - in military service. For some time he studied military affairs in France , served in Crete , then began to teach at the Military Academy. He worked together with von der Goltz , was a member of the commission on the procurement of weapons in Germany .

In 1899 he became a brigadier general and was appointed head of the Examination Commission. Since 1905 - Governor of Kosovo. After the Young Turkish Revolution of 1908, he led the 3rd Army, based in Thessaloniki . During the suppression of the putsch of 1909, he led the Army of Action, which took Istanbul and crushed the rebellion.

In 1910, Mahmoud Shevket became Minister of War and Inspector General of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Armies. He had to deal with the suppression of uprisings in Albania and Arabia . In 1911, Mahmoud Shevket created . After the defeat in the war with Italy in July 1912, he was removed from the post of Minister of War ( Nazim Pasha took this post), liberals came to power in the country. After the defeat of the country in the First Balkan War, the Young Turks took power again, and on January 23, 1913, Mahmoud Shevket Pasha was appointed the great Vizier, Minister of Foreign Affairs and War Minister. In June 1913, Nazim Pasha’s relatives were killed in retaliation for the death of the latter during the coup in the Ottoman Empire .

• Mahmud-Shefket Pasha // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.