Kushnarenkovskaya culture - the archaeological culture of the Iron Age in the Southern Urals. It was first described by VF Gening on the basis of excavations carried out in 1955-1959 at a burial ground in Kushnarenkovo ( Bashkortostan ).
Existed in the VI - VIII centuries in the territory of Zakamye, in the basins of the rivers Belaya , Kama and Ik . It is assumed that the culture came in the middle of the 6th century from the forest-steppe regions of the Trans-Urals and Western Siberia. In the 8th century, the Karayakupov culture emerged from other Ugric groups west of the Urals.
Archaeologists were able to establish that the tribes studied at an early stage (in the 6th — 8th centuries) buried their relatives under the mounds with their heads to the north. Skulls of the buried - with traces of artificial strain . Later, the dead were already oriented with their heads to the west. The remains of weapons, horse equipment, various ornaments and ceramics were found in the burials. A significant amount of pottery is found in the settlements. All ware is molded, round-bottomed, pot-shaped or bomb-shaped in shape. Its thinness and elegance of ornamentation draws attention.
The majority of researchers associate Kushnarenkov culture carriers with nomadic Ugrians . E. A. Khalikova, A. Kh. Khalikov , V. A. Ivanov considered them Magyars [1] . N. A. Mazhitov considers the bearers of the Kushnarenkov culture of the ancient ancestors of the Bashkirs [2] .
Literature
- Gening V. F. The Southern Urals in the III — VII centuries. n e. // Problems of archeology and ancient history of the Ugrians. M. , 1972.
- Gening V.F. Monuments at p. Kushnarenkovo on the river. Belaya // Studies on the archeology of the Southern Urals. Ufa, 1977.
- The history of the Tatars. Volume i . The peoples of the steppe Eurasia in antiquity. Kazan: Rukhiyat, 2002. 552 p.
- Kazakov E.P. Monuments of the Kushnarenkovsky type on the territory of Tataria // Proc. report total. scientific Session 1972 / USSR Academy of Sciences. Kazan In-t. Lit. and stories. Kazan, 1973. pp. 130-131.
- Kazakov, EP On the Kushnarenkov monuments on the territory of Tataria // Questions of archeology of the Urals. - Sverdlovsk, 1981. - Vol. 15. - S. 136-140.
- Kazakov E.P. Kominternovsky II burial ground in the system of antiquities of the epoch of Turkic kaganates: [Rep. Tatarstan] // Cultures of the Eurasian steppes 2nd floor. I thousand n. e .: (questions of archeology). Samara, 1998. pp. 97-150.
- Kazakov E.P. Cenotaphs of the Turkic kaganates in the lower reaches of the r. Kama // Antiquities of the East. M., 2004. pp. 76-85.
- Mazhitov N. A. The South Urals in the VII — XIV centuries. M., 1977.
- Matveyeva G.I. On the cultural and chronological ratio of the monuments of the Kushnarenkovsky and Karayakup types // Medieval archeology of the Eurasian steppes. Materials Constituent Congress of the International Congress. Volume 2. Kazan, 2007.
- Archeology of the Southern Urals : course. Sterlitamak, 1993.
Notes
- ↑ Ivanov V. A. Paths of the steppe nomads. Ufa, Bashknizhizdat, 1984, p.38-58
- ↑ Mazhitov N. А. South Ural in the 7th — 14th centuries. M., 1977