The Estonian Constituent Assembly ( est. Asutav kogu ) is the first Estonian parliament that existed in 1919-20.
Estonian Constituent Assembly | |
State | |
---|---|
Next in order | |
Moment of time | |
Winning candidate |
Content
Convocation History
First convocation
On 15 (28 November) 1917, the Provisional Zemsky Council of the Estland Governorate proclaimed itself in Revel as the legitimate supreme authority until the convocation of the Estonian Constituent Assembly and called for elections to it "to determine the future state structure of Estonia." On November 19 (December 2), the Executive Committee of the Estland Council of Workers, Military, Landless and Low-Land Deputies decided to dissolve the Zemstvo Council and at the same time supported the idea of convening a Constituent Assembly and called elections for January 21-22 (February 3-4) 1918 .
The elections took place at the appointed time, the RSDLP (b) received 37.1% of the votes. The Constituent Assembly was supposed to open on February 15, 1918 , but this was not possible due to the beginning of the offensive of the German troops .
Re-convening
The Estonian Constituent Assembly was re-elected on April 5-7, 1919 , [1] by the Provisional Government of Estonia during the Estonian War of Independence . The election to the assembly was held by the proportional voting system, and the soldiers at the front participated in them. Elections won leftist and centrist parties: [2]
Left parties | % Of the vote | Places | Center parties | % Of the vote | Places | Right parties | % Of the vote | Places | Other | % Of the vote | Places |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Democrats | % 33.3 | 41 | People's Party | % 20.7 | 25 | Agrarian league | % 6.5 | eight | Ethnic minorities | % 3.8 | four |
Labor Party | % 25.1 | thirty | Christian National Party | % 4.4 | five | Other | % 0.4 | 0 | |||
Independent Socialists | % 5.8 | 7 | |||||||||
Total left | % 64.2 | 78 | Total centrist | % 20.7 | 25 | Total right | % 10.9 | 13 | Total others | % 4.2 | four |
Meetings
The 120 members of the Constituent Assembly met for the first meeting on April 23, 1919 (the day commemorating the birthday of the Estonian parliament [1] ) and elected the chairman, Social Democrat Auguste Rey .
- On May 7, the assembly adopted a law on public primary education: the principle of compulsory and free primary 6-year education was established. [3]
- On May 9, 1919, the Estonian Provisional Government resigned and for the first time elected the fully democratic government of Estonia under the leadership of Prime Minister Otto Strandman (Estonian Labor Party).
- On May 15, the Assembly adopted the “Declaration of the Estonian Constituent Assembly on the State Independence and Independence of Estonia”, which was sent to the world community to recognize Estonia as an independent state, thereby confirming the first Declaration of Independence of Estonia
- On June 4, 1919, the assembly adopted the provisional constitution of Estonia.
- On October 10, 1919, a law on agrarian reform was passed, which confiscated and redistributed the estates of the Baltic Germans , ending the 700-year period of ownership of the area by the Germans after the Livonian crusade . [four]
- On February 13, 1920, a peace treaty was signed by Estonia and Soviet Russia on February 2, 1920.
The first constitution of Estonia was adopted on June 15, 1920 . After the constitution came into force and the first parliamentary elections were held , the Constituent Assembly dissolved itself on December 20, 1920. [2]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 History of the Riigikogu
- ↑ 1 2 Historical Dictionary of Estonia; p. 140 ISBN 0810849046
- Ele Public Elementary Schools Act at Estonian Historical Archives Archived January 20, 2008.
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition Archived August 25, 2007.