Alexander Ivanovich Yakubovich ( 1792 - September 3 (15), 1845 ) - Decembrist , captain of the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment , writer .
| Alexander Ivanovich Yakubovich | |
|---|---|
 watercolor by N. Bestuzhev , 1831 | |
| Date of Birth | 1792 |
| Date of death | September 3 (September 15 ) 1845 |
| Place of death | Yeniseisk |
| Occupation | Decembrist, captain of the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, writer. |
| Awards and prizes |
|
Content
Military career
He was brought up in the Noble guesthouse at Moscow University . From August 21, 1813, he served as a cunker in the Life Guards of the Ulan Regiment , from November 17, 1814 - a belt-cadet , from December 20, 1816 - a cornet . On January 20, 1818, for his participation as a second in the fourth duel , A.P. Zavadovsky and V.V. Sheremetyev were transferred by the Highest Order as ensign to the Caucasus in the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment . October 23 of the same year was promoted to lieutenant .
On August 9, 1820, for military distinction during the defeat of the enemy near the village of Khosrekh and the subjugation of the Kazikumukh khanate, he was promoted to headquarters captain . In 1823, for the difference in battles, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th degree with a bow. He gained considerable fame in the Caucasus for his dashing raids on the highlanders. On June 24, 1823, during the expedition of Velyaminov for the Kuban, he received a severe wound to the head, due to which he subsequently wore a permanent bandage. June 14, 1824 received the rank of captain .
In the Caucasus he was famous for his unprecedented courage, which earned him fame on both sides of the Kuban. It happened that the mountaineers fell into fear only with rumors of his appearance on the line. Yakubovich himself was so akin to the customs of the highlanders and the image of war, with weapons and clothing, that he did not differ much from them. At each meeting with the Circassians, he was the first to rush into battle and personally exterminate each enemy.
Member of the Decembrist Society
At the end of 1824, Yakubovich was fired on leave for surgery at the clinic of the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy . In 1825 he came to St. Petersburg , where he soon became close friends with the members of the Northern Society of the Decembrists . According to the plan of the Decembrists, on the day of the uprising, Yakubovich, commanding the Life Guards Izmailovsky regiment and Life Guards Naval crew, was supposed to capture the Winter Palace and arrest the imperial family [1] . But directly on the day of the uprising, December 14, 1825 , at 6 o’clock in the morning, Yakubovich refused to carry out the plan [1] .
The role of Yakubovich in the event of December 14, 1825 was ambiguous and not entirely clear: at first he discouraged A. Bestuzhev from decisive actions, then he himself led Gorokhov , where he lived, the Semenovsky regiment , then disappeared from Senate Square, citing a headache, then he appeared again, spent a considerable time near the Emperor Nicholas I , he volunteered to go away from him to persuade his comrades to lay down their arms, but then he himself advised them to hold on tight. Thus, in the soul of Yakubovich at this time there was a struggle of some opposite feelings and calculations, which plunged him into indecision and even aroused suspicion of duplicity. [2]
He was found guilty by the court of intent on regicide and active participation in the rebellion, he was ranked among the criminals of the first category and sentenced to death, and after pardon and mitigation of fate he was sentenced to eternal hard labor (later the term was reduced to 20 years, and then up to 15 years). He served at the Petrovsky Plant and at the Nerchinsk mines . Since 1839 - was on a settlement in the village of Malaya Razvodnaya near Irkutsk .
Recent years
According to the report of the colonel of the gendarmes corps Y. D. Kazimirsky , who was in the gold mines of the Yenisei okrug in the summer of 1845 , Yakubovich was " obsessed with a serious illness, lost his legs and opened his head wound, often in a fit of insanity, " as a result of which the governor of Yenisei V. K. Padalka ordered the transfer of Yakubovich to the nearest hospital in the city of Yeniseysk . Alexander Ivanovich was delivered there on September 2, 1845 , and the next day he died of "waterborne disease in the chest."
Memory
On October 6, 1923, a street in Leningrad was named in honor of Yakubovich [3] .
Descendants
- Yakubovich, Mikhail Petrovich - great-grandson, Menshevik
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Yakubovich Alexander Ivanovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ P. M. Golovachev. Decembrists. 86 portraits. - M .: Edition of M.M. Zenzinov, 1906. - S. 276-277.
- ↑ Vladimirovich A.G., Erofeev A.D. Yakubovich street . Petersburg in the names of the streets. The origin of the names of streets and avenues, rivers and canals, bridges and islands. . Date of treatment May 20, 2012. Archived on August 8, 2012.
Literature
- Investigation A.I. Yakubovich ("Rise of the Decembrists", T.II, S. 275-304, 403-406)
- The memories of Bestuzhevs. - M .; L., 1951;
- Azadovsky M.K. Pages of local history of the Decembrists in Siberia. // In the hearts of the Fatherland sons. - Irkutsk, 1975;
- Rudakov V.E. ,. Yakubovich, Alexander Ivanovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.