Yanovskaya, Sofya Alexandrovna

Sophia Neymark was born in the Jewish town of Pruzhany, Grodno province (now Brest region ) in the family of public rabbi Sender Itskovich Neymark ^[3] ; soon the family moved to Odessa . ^[four]

In 1914, after graduating from Odessa gymnasium No. 2, she entered the natural department of the Higher Women's Courses at Novorossiysk University . The successes she showed in mathematics prompted teachers to offer her a transfer to the mathematical department. In 1917, she interrupted her studies and joined the revolutionary struggle.

During the Civil War and the intervention of the Entente forces , she participated in the Odessa Bolshevik underground and in the work of the underground Red Cross. In November 1918 he entered the CP (b) U. As secretary of the newspaper Kommunist (an organ of the Odessa Committee of the Bolsheviks), she was involved in the transportation of illegal literature across the front line. During the White Guard’s retreat from Odessa, she was captured with a group of Red Army soldiers and barely escaped death: during the execution, she managed to survive by falling into the river and managing to swim out.

In 1918 she married Isaac Ilyich Yanovsky, also an active Bolshevik. In 1919 , having arrived in Elisavetgrad , she joined the Red Army, where she was first a Political Red Army soldier, and then assistant editor of the newspaper "Red Army" in the Political Administration of the 12th Army.

From 1920 to 1923 he worked in the Odessa Provincial Party Committee. In 1923, she was sent to the Institute of the Red Professor , began attending the seminar of D. F. Egorov at Moscow University (Moscow State University).

In 1925, she headed a seminar on the methodology of mathematics for students and graduate students at Moscow State University. In 1928, the first work in the field of philosophy of mathematics was published: "The category of quantity by Hegel and the essence of mathematics." In 1929 she graduated from the Institute of Red Professors . In 1930, the work "Idealism in the modern philosophy of mathematics" was published.

In 1931, Yanovskaya was awarded the title of professor, she was elected to the Moscow Mathematical Society (IMO), and in 1935 she was awarded the degree of Doctor of Physics and Mathematics without defending a dissertation.

In 1935, during the visit of Ludwig Wittgenstein to the USSR, he accompanied him in Moscow and advised the philosopher to abandon the idea of ​​remaining in the Soviet Union. ^{[5] [6]}

During the years of World War II , from 1941 to 1943, she worked at Perm State University . At this time, she carried away mathematics with many students, in particular, the future academician O.A. Oleinik .

In 1943, organized at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University a research seminar on mathematical logic, which she led in collaboration with I. I. Zhegalkin and P. S. Novikov . Another seminar on the history of mathematics began at Moscow State University in 1944 and was led by A.P. Yushkevich , S. A. Yanovskaya, and M. Ya. Vygodsky . In 1948, the publication of seminar materials entitled “ Historical and Mathematical Research ” (IMI) began: it was the world's first specialized yearbook on the history of mathematics.

Yanovskaya’s work in the field of mathematical logic prepared the opening on March 3, 1959 of the Department of Mathematical Logic at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University. When creating the department, she carried out the main organizational work, she was a professor of the department until the last days of her life.

• Hegel's category of quantity and the essence of mathematics // PZM. 1928. No. 3;
• Mathematical manuscripts of Marx // Book and proletarian revolution. 1933. No. 2;
• About the so-called "definitions through abstraction" // Sat. articles on the philosophy of mathematics. M., 1936;
• The logic is mathematical. [In co.] // TSB. T.37. M., 1938;
• Foundations of mathematics and mathematical logic // Mathematics in the USSR for 30 years. M., 1949;
• From the history of axiomatics // Historical and mathematical research. Issue 11. M., 1958;
• Mathematical logic and foundations of mathematics // Mathematics in the USSR for 40 years. 1917-1957. T.1. M., 1959;
• Are the difficulties known as the “Zeno aporias” overcome in modern science? // Problems of logic. M., 1963, pp. 116-136.
• Problems of analysis of the concepts of science and the latest neopositivism // " Questions of Philosophy " 1961. No. 6;
• On the philosophical issues of mathematical logic // Problems of logic. M., 1963;
• Methodological problems of science. M., 1972.

• Bazhanov V.A. History of logic in Russia and the USSR. M .: Canon + 2007 (chapter 2.6 The path of S. A. Yanovskaya in logic: regularity or miracle of insight?).
• Bashmakova I.G. , Markov A.A. (Jr.) , Rybnikov K.A. , Uspensky V.A. , Yushkevich A.P. Sofya Aleksandrovna Yanovskaya (on her seventieth birthday) // Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk . - 1966. - T. 21 , No. 3 (129) . - S. 239-247 .
• Biryukov B.V., Borisova O.A. S.A. Yanovskaya - thinker, researcher, teacher // Problems of Philosophy . - 2004. - No. 5 . Archived July 6, 2009.
• To the 100th anniversary of Sofia Alexandrovna Yanovskaya. Collection of articles // Historical and mathematical research . - LLP Janus-K, 1997. - No. 37 (2) . - S. 105–127 .
• Sofya Aleksandrovna Yanovskaya (on her sixtieth birthday) // Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk . - 1956. - T. 11 , No. 3 (69) . - S. 219–222 .
• Sofya Aleksandrovna Yanovskaya // Women - revolutionaries and scientists. - M. , 1982.
• Yanovskaya / B.V. Biryukov, Z. A. Kuzicheva, A. S. Kuzichev // New Philosophical Encyclopedia : in 4 volumes / before. scientific ed. Council V. S. Styopin . - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Thought , 2010 .-- 2816 p.
• Bazhanov VA Restoration: SA Yanovskaya's Path in Logic // History and Philosophy of Logic. 2001. Vol. 22. N 3. Pp. 129-133.

• Biryukov B.V., Kuzicheva 3. A., Kuzichev A. S. Biography of S. A. Yanovskaya .
• Kushner B. A. My memories of Sofya Alexandrovna Yanovskaya .
• Voice of Sofya Yanovskaya Memories of a trip to Elisavetgrad in 1918 (approx. 40 min., Recording 1965).
• Vadim Vasiliev about the meeting of Sofia Yanovskaya and Ludwig Wittgenstein .