Turukhansk

Turukhansk is located 1474 km north of Krasnoyarsk , at the confluence of the Lower Tunguska into the Yenisei , 120 kilometers south of the Arctic Circle . The village is located on the right bank of the Yenisei; geographically refers to the western part of Eastern Siberia and to the western foothills of the Central Siberian plateau .

Turukhansk is located in a taiga zone with a sharply continental subarctic climate . The average temperatures in July are 16.5 ° C, January - −25.4 ° C, and there can be frosts up to −57 ° C. On average, about 598 mm of precipitation falls annually. The average annual negative temperature and low winter temperatures cause widespread permafrost , the thickness of which in this region reaches 50-200 m ^[3] .

During the spring flood, the water level in the Yenisei can rise up to eleven meters above the ordinar , which is largely due to floods in the Lower Tunguska.

Initially, the settlement of Turukhansk appeared in 1662 ^[4] at the confluence of the Turukhan River in the Yenisei , on its left bank ^[5] , eight miles from the main current of the Yenisei. Zimovye (later - the city of New Mangazeya ) was part of the trade route along Turukhan, which was mainly used for trade in fur .

In 1676–1679, I.P. Savelov was governor of Turukhansk ^[6] .

Early 19th Century

There are two churches in the city: stone, Transfiguration of the Lord (built by Matvey Fedorovich Khoroshev, consecrated in 1829) and wooden Peter and Paul. Government houses: a bakery, salt barn, wine and powder cellars. The city is managed by a Separate Session, here are the Salt Bailiff and a hundred Cossacks of the Yenisei Cossack Regiment under the control of one Hundred Officer ^[7] .

There are 52 common houses, the townspeople live in them: 124 males, 107 females, peasants: 19 males, 16 females. Houses are usually small, most of them are heated in black and without courtyards. Some have bathhouses and livestock facilities. Tillage is not developed. Men spend most of the year away from the city, hunting and fishing. The basis of winter food is fish and harvested wild birds ^[7] .

Mail from Yeniseisk to Turukhansk and back was delivered once a month on the 5th. Mail delivery was carried out in summer on boats, and in winter - on sledges that were transported by a person, deer or dogs ^[7] .

In 1822, the city was withdrawn to the state and gradually fell into decay.

XX century

At the beginning of the 20th century Turukhansk was looted and half-burned by a robber gang and by 1910 the administrative center was moved to the village of Monastyrskoe ^[4] , which is located about 35 km to the southeast, on the other bank of the Yenisei ^[5] , at the confluence of the river Lower Tunguska in the Yenisei . After that, in the village of Monastyrskoye there was a tendency to increase the population. In June 1924, by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the village was renamed Turukhansk ^[5] . On the site of the old Turukhansk there is now the village of Staroturukhansk .

Link Location

Since the late 1930s, Soviet authorities created special camps for exiles in the Turukhansk Territory . Until 1956, released prisoners had restrictions on their rights and settled in remote settlements, including Turukhansk.

At various times, the following were exiled to Turukhansk:

• Decembrist Lisovsky, Nikolai Fedorovich (exile 1828-1844)
• Solts, Aron Aleksandrovich (- 1917)
• Martov, Julius Osipovich (1896)
• Sverdlov, Yakov Mikhailovich (1913-1917)
• Voyno-Yasenetsky, Valentin Feliksovich (Saint Luke) (1923-1925)
• Before the revolution, Joseph Stalin (Dzhugashvili) was serving a link in Kureyka in the Turukhansky district .
• Bishop Joasaph (in the world Ivan Ivanovich Udalov) (years 1926-1929) - Bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church , Bishop of Chistopol , Vicar of the Kazan diocese. Filed with the saints of the Russian Orthodox Church in 2008.
• Viktor Savelyevich Kramarov (years 1950-1951) - father of the famous theater and film actor Savely Kramarov .
• Efron, Ariadna Sergeevna (years 1949-1955) - daughter of Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergey Efron , translator of prose and poetry, memoirist, artist, art critic, poetess.

By decree of the NKVD of August 28, 1941, the Volga Germans were deported, some of whom were exiled to Turukhansk and lived here until the commandant's office was withdrawn in the spring of 1956.

According to the census, in 1989 the population of Turukhansk reached 8.9 thousand inhabitants, but after the collapse of the USSR, people began to move to more climate-friendly regions of the country, including in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

National composition

According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census ^[14] :

An airport operates in Turukhansk, the reconstruction of which was completed in January 2015 ^[15] . There is an air connection with Krasnoyarsk ( NordStar Airlines ^[16] ). On the Yenisei from Krasnoyarsk or Yeniseisk during the navigation period (navigation in the upper Yenisei from May 25 to September 25 depending on temperature, plus or minus ten days) motor ships to Dudinka pause with a stop in Turukhansk ^{[17] [18]} .

The Mayak of the North regional newspaper, which is the official body of the Administration of the Municipal Formation Turukhansky Municipal District, ^[19] is being published in the village. The newspaper has been published since August 1932, and was originally called the Turukhansky Fisherman-Hunter. In the late thirties, the newspaper acquired a new name: "Northern Collective Farmer", published eight times a month, with a circulation of two thousand copies. In the late 1950s, the district newspaper was renamed. To this day, the publication has a modern name - “Lighthouse of the North”. The newspaper has its own website ^[20] on the Internet.

• Gazenwinkel K. B. XIII. New Mangazeya (Turukhansk) // A systematic list of governor, clerks, written heads and scribes with an attribution in Siberian cities and major fortifications from their foundation until the beginning of the 18th century. To the history of Siberia of the 17th century . - 1st ed. - Tobolsk: Type. Lip. Board, 1892. - S. 34-36. - 58 p.
• Turukhansk // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

• Official site of Turukhansky district
• Celebrating 400 years of Turukhansk
• Photos Turukhansk
• Photos of Turukhansk , 2004
• According to the Yenisei: Krasnoyarsk - Dudinka (Part 5). 2011