Umarov, Doku Hamatovich

Doku Umarov was born on April 13, 1964 in the village of Kharsenoy, Shatoi district, Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ^[16] . By nationality, the Chechen belongs to the teip Mulka ^{[17] [18]} . His family, in which he grew up, was, in his own words, intelligent ^[19] . After school he graduated from the Grozny Oil Institute , a civil engineer ^[16] . He worked at construction sites in different regions of the USSR ^[1] .

In the 1980s he was convicted of murder through negligence. He served time in a Grozny prison. Having freed himself, he got a job in the Tyumen region , soon taking the post of commercial director of the company "Tyumen-Agda F-4" ^[20] . It is alleged that in July 1992 Umarov and the head of the department of the same company, Musa Ataev, had a conflict with two young people who lived in one of the regional villages ^[20] . Umarov and Ataev arrived there and tried to break into the house of one of them. They were blocked by the father of a young man who was first wounded with a pistol (he survived), then two people inside were killed, after which they took valuable things out of the rooms and disappeared. On July 13, 1992, the prosecutor's office of the Tyumen region Umarov and Ataev were charged with murder in absentia, they were put on the federal wanted list ^{[9] [21]} . This criminal case was closed in 2010, since the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution has expired ^[20] .

Said Buryatsky testified: “Yes, before the first jihad of Abu Usman, Dokku Umarov was a racketeer in Russia, and this is no secret to anyone ” ^[22] . Hiding from law enforcement, Umarov went to Chechnya ^[23] . In his own words, he returned to Chechnya from Moscow for patriotic reasons, realizing that a war was brewing ^[19] , he recalled: “When the war started, I arrived in Chechnya, having heard Dudaev’s call. My distant relative was Khamzat Gelayev , and I immediately went to him. I came to him in a Mercedes, in shoes and with a cigarette in my mouth, and offered my help ... Gelayev looked at me and asked if I was making a prayer? - and I replied that no, but if necessary, I will learn. But he did not want to take me to him at once and sent me to another emir. But later he made inquiries about me and wrote to his detachment ” ^[22] . As noted in an official obituary, Umarov “abandoned his profitable business in Russia and returned home” ^[24] . Before the start of the First Chechen War, he served in the battalion (later regiment) of the Borz special forces under the leadership of Gelayev ^[23] .

The first Chechen war and the interwar period

He participated in military operations against Russian troops in the First Chechen War, at the end of 1994 he led one of the militant groups, ^{[16] [25]} operating in the area of ​​his ancestral village. During the battles in Grozny, being a grenade launcher, he personally destroyed 23 enemy armored vehicles ^[22] . His marriage to the daughter of the influential field commander Daud Akhmadov - a close ally of Dzhokhar Dudaev - allowed him to get a decent post surrounded by the president of Ichkeria ^[21] . By 1996, he became a brigadier general of CRI. ^{[9] [16] [25]} In the summer of 1996, Umarov was one of the accomplices of the execution of thirty police and military Chechens who defended Grozny. ^[16] Since the end of 1996, together with Arbi Baraev, he has been involved in kidnapping in order to obtain a ransom for them. ^{[9] [16] [25]} According to law enforcement agencies, Umarov was directly involved in the abduction in March 1999 of the special representative of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in Chechnya, Gennady Shpigun ^[26] , who demanded $ 15 million for his release.

In the government of the President of CRI, Aslan Maskhadov was the secretary of the National Security Council ^[9] (since June 1, 1997), the head of the headquarters for coordinating the fight against crime (since November 1997). ^{[16] [25]} In 1998, by a decree of Maskhadov, he was removed from all posts for assaulting the prosecutors of the CRI and involvement in kidnapping. ^{[16] [25]} Together with Gelayev, he visited Pakistan , where, as Said Buryatsky writes, “they studied Islam in more detail and met with a number of scholars asking them questions” ^[22] . Umarov publicly promised to shoot Maskhadov if he went to negotiations with the Russian leadership. ^[25]

Second Chechen War

Since the beginning of the Second Chechen War, Umarov actively participated in hostilities on the side of the militants ^{[16] [25]} . In January 2000, when breaking through from Grozny, he was seriously injured in the jaw ^{[9] [16]} - he received a maxillofacial injury while crossing a minefield, after which he was treated in a polyclinic of maxillofacial surgery in Nalchik in 2000, which ensured The Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, this issue was personally supervised by Minister Vladimir Rushailo (“the Ministry of Internal Affairs had long-term plans for Doku Umarov,” a number of foreign hostages were later released with his help) ^{[27] [28]} . In 2014, Vyacheslav Izmailov, a columnist for Novaya Gazeta , told about this in his publication: a deal was made with the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, during which Umarov released two elderly Polish hostage-ethnographers captured a year earlier in Dagestan, his fighters extradited the body of the killed General Shpigun , and in return, he got the opportunity to heal and go abroad ^[29] .

As Said Buryatsky wrote about this: “When leaving Grozny, he was seriously wounded - he broke his head in a blast wave and splinters, crushed his jaw and tore off his face. But, despite the lack of medical care and suppuration of wounds, when he had to drill a skull to remove pus from there, he survived ” ^[22] . Then he was in Georgia, after which, having led a small group of militants, he returned to Chechnya ^[30] .

In the summer of 2002, he became commander of the newly formed Western Front of the CRI Armed Forces ^[31] . In August of that year, he participated in the seizure of settlements in the Vedeno and Urus-Martan regions ^[16] . He participated in the abduction of Chechen prosecutors A. Klimov and N. Pogosova (abducted on December 27, 2002 on the way from Grozny to Mozdok airport, released a year later as a result of a special operation by the FSB) ^[25] . Toward the middle of 2003, he organized the extended meeting of the Majlisul Shur of the Southwestern Front he heads, which was held at the level of the Big Majlis, according to Shamil Basayev, who took part in it: “We all had a very good rest, ate a good barbecue,” he noted ^[32] . Umarov was involved in the bombings of the building of the FSB Directorate of Ingushetia and the train in Kislovodsk in September 2003 ^[25] . As a result of the explosion of a truck with explosives in the FSB building, 3 were killed and more than 20 people were injured, and as a result of the explosion, electric trains killed seven and more than 50 people were injured ^[16] .

At the beginning of 2004, Chechen President Akhmat Kadyrov lists Basayev, Umarov, Arsanov as "the main clan of the Wahhabis of Chechnya" ^[33] .

In March 2004, he declared himself the successor of the deceased Ruslan Gelayev and took control of militant units in the Achkhoy-Martanovsky , Urus-Martanovsky and Shatoisky districts ^[25] . He was the commander of a large group of up to several hundred members ^[34] .

He was one of the organizers of the militant raid on Ingushetia on June 22, 2004 and the leader of the attack on Grozny on August 21, 2004 ^[16] . In July 2004, he entered the reformed government of the CRI formed by Aslan Maskhadov, having received the portfolio of the Minister of State Security ^[35] , held this position until June 2005, at the same time being the commander of the Southwestern Front ^[36] .

On June 2, 2005, by a decree of the President of CRI, Abdul-Halim Sadulayev was appointed Vice President of CRI ^[18] , while retaining the post of director of the National Security Service of CRI ^[16] (according to another statement, at the same time taking his last post ^[36] ). Umarov himself recalled this later that when President Maskhadov appointed Sadulayev as vice president in 2002, he made the last funeral (testament) in the event of his death (and therefore occupying the presidency of Sadulayev), he appointed Umarov to this post ^[37] .

In an interview with Andrei Babitsky, a journalist for Radio Liberty in July 2005, Umarov opposed the use of the terrorist method. According to Babitsky, the president and vice-president of Ichkeria, Abdul-Halim Sadulayev and Doku Umarov, intend to follow the line of Aslan Maskhadov, who condemned terrorism and called on Russia to negotiate. Babitsky also noted that “Umarov is not a Wahhabi - this is known in Chechnya, he professes traditional Islam” ^[19] .

5 million dollars received by Umarov in May 2006 as a ransom for a rich hostage, of which Umarov sent 1.5 million dollars to Sadulayev ^[38] , are indicated as “unexpectedly large receipts of dollar cash”.

President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

On June 17, 2006, in connection with the death of the President of CRI, Abdul-Halim Sadulayev, Vice President Umarov took up the duties of the president. This was expected, as noted by the BBC Russian Service : “Sadulayev himself last year promised that in the event of his death, his vice-president Doku Umarov will become the new leader of the Chechen separatists” ^[26] . “Umarov is one of the most experienced field commanders, whose authority among the militants is comparable to the fame of Shamil Basayev,” the Caucasian Knot noted in those days ^[26] . Among the first decrees, Umarov dismissed Shamil Basayev from the post of deputy prime minister and appointed him to the post of vice president.

Umarov’s appeal as the new president of Ichkeria, published on the Internet on June 23, 2006, stated that Ichkeria continues to be an occupied, but independent state, and "the Chechen people have the only goal - to be free and equal among all the peoples of the world." While announcing plans to expand the combat zone on the territory of Russia, Umarov noted: “However, I responsibly declare that the targets of our strikes and attacks will be exclusively military police facilities ... I, like my predecessors in the presidency, will also decisively suppress everything attacks on civilian objects and persons ” ^[39] . Umarov threatened the Chechens working in state structures created by Russia with “curse and contempt” for their descendants, promising to create special units in the structures of all active “fronts”, whose task would be to eliminate “the most odious national traitors and war criminals from the composition of the occupation groups sentenced to capital punishment by the Sharia court ” ^[40] .

It is known that in the summer of 2006 Kadyrov “worked with Umarov’s relatives and through intermediaries to surrender him”, then Doku Umarov’s brother surrendered (according to various estimates, the eldest ^[41] or younger ^[42] , while initially it was reported that Doku Umarov himself surrendered ^[43] , but later this information was disproved). Kadyrov called Umarov “the most vile and bloodthirsty of all who have ever been in the mountains among members of illegal armed groups” ^[44] .

On October 3, 2007, he posthumously reinstated the rank of Brigadier General Arbi Baraev, who was actively involved in kidnapping for ransom, and also posthumously awarded the rank of Generalissimo to Shamil Basayev ^[45] .

Amir Emirate of the Caucasus

In October 2007, Umarov announced the creation of the "Caucasian Emirate" and called on supporters to fight not only against Russia, but also against other countries: ^[46]

Против этой линии, вдохновляемой исламистским идеологом Мовлади Удуговым , резко выступил Ахмед Закаев . По утверждению сторонников Закаева, «телефонным голосованием» среди членов т. н. «парламента ЧРИ» Закаев был избран «премьер-министром» ЧРИ, поскольку Умаров «самоустранился от исполнения обязанностей президента». Со своей стороны руководство «Кавказского эмирата» объявило деятельность Закаева антигосударственной, поручив разобраться с ним шариатскому суду и службе безопасности «Мухабарат», обвинив его в причастности к гибели президентов ЧРИ Масхадова и Садулаева. ^{[47] [48] [49] [50]}

Шамсуддин Батукаев свидетельствовал, что объявление Умарова амиром произошло «с согласия муджахедов и амиров», их большинством ^[51] .

Президент Чеченской республики Рамзан Кадыров неоднократно предлагал Умарову сдаться правоохранительным органам:

Также Кадыров неоднократно заявлял, что Умаров тяжело болен и ранен:

Kadyrov added that in the event of confession Umarov can count on receiving qualified medical care. ^[52]

In December 2007 - January 2008, during an inspection trip to the regions of Ichkeria and Ingushetia, Doku Umarov noted that this year was the first since the beginning of the second war, when the Mujahideen remained almost completely at their bases in the winter ^[53] .

On April 16, 2009, the regime of the counter-terrorism operation ( CTO ) was canceled in Chechnya.

A terrorist group that claimed responsibility for undermining the Nevsky Express train in 2009 stated that the attack was carried out at the direction of their leader, Doku Umarov ^[54] .

According to Rosbalt agency, citing a source in the special services, in November 2009, poisoned products were sent to Umarov. Having received information that Umarov had taken the poison, and having established its approximate location, the troops launched a rocket attack on this place and began combing the forest. Among the found corpses of Umarov was not. According to the source, he managed to survive, however, "there is evidence that several serious diseases developed due to the poison from Umarov." ^[55] (In August 2010, the head of the Center for Strategic Studies in the North Caucasus, Abdula Istamulov, testified that “various rumors that Doku Umarov were seriously ill have been going on in the region lately. Either he was wounded or poisoned. Our sources also confirm the information about his serious illness ” ^[56] .)

In his interview in February 2010 ^[57] , summing up last year, Doku Umarov noted the establishment of strict discipline in the ranks of the mujahideen, streamlining the recruitment of recruits. He stated that since he became Amir, the past year has been the most successful. Doku Umarov also noted the strengthening of “the awakening of Muslims in recent years,” he said that “for the Kremlin today are the biggest enemies, we are the Mujahideen who woke from hibernation and went out to establish the word of Allah and the laws of Allah on this earth” (in confirmation of his words can be indicated that Russian President Dmitry Medvedev noted that “the biggest internal threat to Russia is terrorism and instability in the North Caucasus” ^[58] ).

June 23, 2010 the United States officially included Doku Umarov in the list of international terrorists ^[13] . Umarov was added to this list during a visit to the United States by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev ^[13] , and the decision was made by US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton ^[59] .

In July 2010, it became known that Doku Umarov appointed Amir Aslambek ( Aslambek Vadalov ) as his naib (deputy) and successor in case of his death, and Huseyn Gakayev as Valiye Nokhchiychoy (Ichkeria) ^[60] .

Split underground

On August 1, 2010, a video message from Doku Umarov was made available to the general public, in which he stated that health did not allow him to act as an amir and proposed Aslambek Vadalov ^[61] as his successor. Umarov also noted that younger and more energetic emirs should lead the jihad and emphasized that he himself intends to continue the jihad and will help in every possible way with word and deed.

However, the very next day, on August 2, 2010, Umarov made a special appeal in which he stated that “due to the current situation in the Caucasus” he did not consider it possible to resign from the Amir Caucasus Emirate and disavowed his previous video message about his resignation ^[62] . A statement of his own resignation was refuted by him and called trumped up. A few days later, "for publication of a falsified decree," the director of the Information and Analytical Service of the Caucasus Emirate Movladi Udugov was removed from his post ^[63] .

On August 13, 2010, Seyfullah Gubdensky , who was appointed the supreme cadre of the Shariah Court of the Caucasus Emirate a month earlier (was killed by the FSB a few days later), confirmed that "Amir Abu Usman is and remains the only legal ruler of the Muslims of the Caucasus" ^[64] .

On August 15, field commander Hussein Gakayev issued a statement on the withdrawal of Chechen formations from subordination to Doku Umarov, explaining this by the "current situation in the Caucasus." According to Gakayev, Doku Umarov, who had withdrawn his resignation, “showed disrespect for the Majlis” ^{[63] [65]} .

In another video message posted on the Internet, Doku Umarov blamed the al-Qaeda representative, Muhannad, for the split in the underground. Experts linked what was happening with Umarov’s desire to retain control over financial flows ^[66] . According to the expert of the Carnegie Center, specializing in the study of the Caucasus, Alexei Malashenko, Doku Umarov really wanted to leave under pressure from part of the underground, mainly Chechens, but withdrew the statement under pressure from the leaders of the Kabardino-Balkarian wing of the emirate, to which, in particular, the terrorist in his first statement and requested support for the resignation. “He was not allowed to leave the most radically-minded comrades-in-arms who, as a leader, need a gangster with a well-known name,” Malashenko believes ^[65] .

Umarov later removed from command and deprived the ranks and ranks of the leaders of the Armed Forces front Nokhchichych Aslanbek Vadalov, Hussein Gakayev and Tarkhan Gaziev and announced that they were subject to Sharia court, explaining this by violation of the bayat ^[63] .

In an interview with the BBC, the editor-in-chief of the Caucasian Knot online publication, Grigory Shvedov, commenting on Umarov’s appointment of the new Amir of Dagestan, noted that although “Umarov cannot act primitively authoritarian and appoint who he wants and who he wants, his influence is great " ^[67] .

Former Chechen Press Minister Ruslan Martagov in the newspaper Vzglyad (10/28/2010) noted that funding from Arab countries passes through Umarov ^[68] .

2011

According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation , in early 2011 Umarov was in the North Caucasus Federal District ^{[69] [70]} .

In January 2011, Doku Umarov made a comment in a public discussion on the state language of the Caucasus Emirate, separately considering options for the Ottoman and Arabic languages ^[71] .

In his video message in early February 2011, Doku Umarov threatened Russia with new attacks and promised to arrange for her a “year of blood and tears” ^[72] . Then Doku Umarov claimed responsibility for the explosion at Moscow's Domodedovo airport on January 24. He noted that this special operation was carried out on his orders and that the explosion in Domodedovo is a response to “oppression and murder of Muslims not only in the Caucasus, but throughout the Islamic world” ^[73] , he also assured that the explosions will increase in number and will not stop until federal forces leave the Caucasus ^[8] . A little later that same month, Presidential Envoy to the North Caucasus Federal District, Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Khloponin, said that “he could honestly say” that Doku Umarov “is no longer so influential in the Caucasus in terms of defining positions and setting goals” ^[74] .

On March 11, 2011, the UN Security Council Committee on Sanctions against Al-Qaeda , the Taliban , as well as related individuals and organizations decided to include Doku Umarov on its consolidated list, which obliges UN member states to urgently include with respect to Umarov, a sanctions regime providing for the freezing of all financial assets belonging to him, a ban on movement and the provision of any assistance, including the supply of weapons and financial resources ^[75] .

On March 28, 2011, a large-scale special operation was conducted in the Sunzhensky district of Ingushetia, aimed at eliminating Umarov, during which the militant base was destroyed - 19 militants died ^[76] , including Supyan Abdullaev and Umarov’s personal doctor ^[65] . It was supposed that Umarov could also be among the killed militants (see the Death Messages section), but later it turned out that he managed to leave the base several hours before the operation ^[77] . According to information with reference to the FSB, it is alleged that Umarov was then seriously injured and actually retired, completely devoting himself to treatment ^[78] .

On May 26, 2011, the United States announced a $ 5 million reward for information on finding Doku Umarov within the framework of the national program “Rewards for Promoting Justice” ^[79] . This was reported in a joint statement by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and US President Barack Obama. ^[80] On May 28, 2011, the acting chairman of the Federation Council, Alexander Torshin, proposed adding another $ 5 million for the capture of Umarov, thus evaluating the award of $ 10 million ^[81] .

According to Forbes magazine in June 2011, Umarov was among the three Russians in the list of ten most dangerous criminal leaders in the world wanted by the FBI ^[82] , the other two were named Semyon Mogilevich under number 5 and Alimzhan Tokhtakhunov nicknamed Taiwanchik under number 8, Umarov took the last, tenth place ^[83] ).

Apparently, having left Russia at the end of March 2011 ^[65] , Doku Umarov was in Turkey for at least a month ^[65] , where he restored his strength in one of the provinces on the seashore ^{[84] [85]} (his brother Vakha lives in Istanbul (actual as of October 2011 ^[86] ), which, according to its own statement at the beginning of 2010, “regularly communicates with Doku Umarov” ^[87] ). It is also known that Umarov received outpatient care in one of the military hospitals in Turkey ^[84] . Argumenty.ru cites the words of an unnamed representative of the special services working in the Russian embassy in Turkey that Doku Umarov in Turkey "lives modestly and quietly, being under the tacit surveillance of both Turkish and Russian special services:" The Turks fear that his underground and terrorist experience may be of interest to Kurdish terrorist organizations ” ^[84] . At the same time, a senior Russian intelligence official told RIA Novosti that media reports about Umarov’s possible presence in one of the foreign countries are misinformation and fiction, a “journalistic duck” ^[88] .

According to October 2011, Doku Umarov returned to Russia and reappeared in Ingushetia ^[65] . Doku Umarov is probably located somewhere in the woods on the border of Chechnya with Ingushetia, Nezavisimaya Gazeta notes (10/18/2011) ^[89] .

It is believed that most of the time Doku Umarov spends in Ingushetia. “Umarov appears very rarely in Chechnya. A major reward has been announced for information on his whereabouts. And in Ingushetia, he has many supporters, there are hard-to-reach areas where the federal government does not enter at all, ”the words of a high-ranking officer in the power structures of Chechnya,“ Argumenty.ru ” ^[77] .

year 2012

On February 3, 2012, in another video message by Doku Umarov, according to the BBC Russian Service ^[90] , he called on his supporters to stop attacks on the civilian population of Russia, which, according to him, “are Putin's hostages” ^{[91] [92] [93]} , and which by its participation in the protests showed a reluctance to support the policy of Vladimir Putin: “Since the civil protest processes have begun, and the population no longer accepts Putin’s policies, I order all groups carrying out special operations in Russia not to overthrow the suffering of civilians ” ^{[94] [95]} . It is also reported that Umarov issued an order obliging "the Mujahideen to attack in Russia targeted and selective targets of the power structures, the army, special services and the political leadership of Russia", the responsibility for all possible attacks against civilians that may occur after the publication of his Doku Umarov assigned the order to the “agonizing KGB regime” ^[96] . A few days later, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev expressed concern about the possible intensification of the North Caucasus underground in connection with the upcoming presidential elections in Russia ^[95] .

At Shura Vilayat Nokhchicho (Chechnya), held on April 29, Umarov addressed the Chechens: “Today we have a big request from you, Dokka Umarov, and from my soldiers: if it’s difficult for you from us and from our government, then forgive us brothers, Muslim sisters. " He also said: “... We are doing everything possible, and you do and follow this path with us, and be my soldiers comrades and help them ... Today they do not need anything from you, but your brotherhood, help. For your sake, we put up with everything. ” “Today, on the street, from our religion, from our people, they abandoned us and left. There are many such people, they are separated from us! For the sake of Allah, this is not so, our soldiers do not do this, they are at home. They are not for the sake of money here, but for the sake of Allah and their land. They are tired. For your sake, they do all this! ” ^[97]

From the newspaper “Version” in early June it became known that Umarov was hiding in one of the villas in the Turkish city ​​of Izmir ^[98] . At the very beginning of August, the head of Ingushetia, Yunus-Bek Evkurov, noted that Umarov may occasionally appear in Ingushetia: “There is no exception that Doku Umarov can sometimes be in the Republic of Ingushetia” ^[99] . In an interview with The New Times (01.10.2012) to the journalist’s remark “Is Doku Umarov not abroad?” Yunus-Bek Yevkurov noted: “Wherever he is, he still controls the process” ^[100] . At the end of the year, on the eve of the New Year holidays, the head of Ingushetia, Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, stated that Umarov could be in the mountainous and wooded area of ​​the republic ^[101] .

year 2013

According to some reports, on January 10, 2013, in the Vedeno district of Chechnya , an active search for the Umarov group began, during which they managed to go to Hussein and Muslim Gakayev and destroy them ^[102] . On February 18, security forces resumed their search for militants in the Vedeno district, having reason to believe that Doku Umarov was hiding in the same places as the Gakayev brothers ^[103] .

In April, in the village of Arshty, Sunzhensky district of Ingushetia, a serious incident occurred between Chechen and Ingush security forces, which was caused by the appearance in the village of policemen from Chechnya with unseemly intentions, according to Ingush colleagues. As explained by Ramzan Kadyrov, the republic’s security officials received operational information about Doku Umarov and his entourage hiding in Arshty ^[104] . The operation to capture Umarov failed.

In May, the head of Ingushetia, Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, did not rule out that Doku Umarov had long been dead, but noted that special services continue to search for a terrorist ^{[105] [106]} .

On July 2, the leader of the rebels of the Caucasus Emirate appeared with a video message in which he called on supporters to disrupt the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi with all their might ^[107] . He also announced the lifting of the moratorium on operations in Russia, due to the fact that it was perceived in Moscow as weakness and the persecution of Muslims intensified ^[108] . This video message was the last in which Umarov was shown alive ^[109] .

December 15, the National Post newspaper referring to sources in Canadian intelligence reported that Doku Umarov did not abandon plans for terrorist attacks during the Olympics in Sochi ^[110] . The French newspaper Le Figaro recalls that the emir Doku Umarov urged his supporters to do everything possible to disrupt the Olympics, which, according to Vladimir Putin's plan, should become “a symbol of the country's newfound power” ^[111] .

year 2014

On January 16, 2014, the head of Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov, stated that, according to his information, Doku Umarov was killed in early January as a result of a special operation ^{[112] [113] [114] [115] [116]} . At the same time, Russian intelligence agencies reported that they did not confirm the death of Umarov ^{[117] [118] [119] [120] [121]} .

On the same day, a video appeared on YouTube in which an unknown representative of the armed underground (as it turned out later, Aliaskhab Kebekov ) confirms the death of Umarov, without giving any details ^[122] .

On March 18, 2014, the Kavkaz Center website officially confirmed the death of Doku Umarov ^[123] . On April 8, 2014, his death was confirmed by the head of the FSB, Alexander Bortnikov ^[124] - “as a result of operational combat work” ^[1] .

According to Lenta.ru , Umarov was poisoned in August 2013 by a man introduced into the environment of the new leader of the Ingush bandit underground, Arthur Gatagazhev . The site reports, citing Chechen journalist Said Deniev:

Докку в рамках инспекции по зимним базам боевиков в Чечне посетил одну из них и остался там с четырьмя боевиками, тогда как остальные удалились по делам (возможно, за продуктами). По их возвращении, утверждается, что Докку уже был мертв.

В группу сопровождавших Умарова людей «затесался» внедрённый в окружение Гетагажева агент, который доставил яд и сумел его подсыпать Умарову в пищу.

Вернувшиеся боевики убили всех, кто оставался с ним ^[125] .

19 июля 2014 года Кадыров опубликовал в Instagram фотографию мёртвого Умарова, как подтверждение его смерти ^[126] .

20 июля 2014 года в интернет появилось видео, на котором запечатлены похороны Умарова соратниками ^[2] . На записи амир Хамзат ( Аслан Бютукаев ) рассказывает, что Умаров умер на рассвете 7 сентября 2013 года — спустя месяц после отравления c пищевыми продуктами. По свидетельству Хамзата, в последний вечер перед смертью Умаров «попросил передать всем мусульманам, чтобы простили его». «Мы его все любили, он был нам всем нужен», — говорит Хамзат, по его словам Умаров «призвал к терпению и стойкости и уже утром умер, и смерть его была легкой». На этой же записи ему вторит амир Махран ( Махран Саидов ): «Докку просил передать всем братьям и сестрам, чтобы простили его» ^[3] .

«Доку Умаров является одним из наиболее известных лидеров сепаратистов и террористов. Он занимает одно из центральных мест в числе проповедников ислама в ваххабистском толке. Он — среди тех, кто склоняет молодёжь Кавказа к терактам и противостоянию властям. Умаров является одним из наиболее опасных террористов» ( Павел Данилин , 2011 год) ^[127] .

Доку Умаров стал главной целью спецслужб России после гибели в 2006 году Шамиля Басаева ^[128] .

В ноябре 2009 года Кадыров заявлял об Умарове: «Он, подобно крысе, зарылся где-то в горах, вокруг него остаётся все меньше людей, и вряд ли ему удастся пережить осень и зиму, ибо за ним идут по пятам» ^[129] . Тогда же Кадыров заявлял: «С этим человеком не о чём говорить, его место в тюрьме или под землёй» ^[130] . В декабре 2009 года Кадыров, назвав Умарова «порождением иностранных спецслужб», указал, что он является «для нас (чеченцев), как и для всего российского народа, для меня лично, врагом номер один» ^[131] . В июне 2011 года Кадыров заявил об Умарове: «Мы бы хотели, чтобы крыса оказалась на скамье подсудимых и коротала жизнь в сибирской колонии. Окажет сопротивление — церемониться никто не станет» ^[132] . «Умаров — больной, запуганный человек, который сидит где-то в „землянке“ и не хочет из неё выходить… мы можем гарантировать ему только одно: если он придет с повинной в правоохранительные органы, он может рассчитывать на справедливый суд, в противном случае мы его найдем и уничтожим», — заявлял в августе 2010 года глава МВД Чечни Руслан Алханов ^[133] . В августе 2011 года Р. Алханов заявил: «Умаров, как крыса, которая постоянно перемещается с места на место. Он понимает, что правоохранительные органы не сидят, сложа руки, так что пока он жив, он не может быть в безопасности. Поэтому он постоянно передвигается. Если бы мы знали, где он точно находится в данное время, то давно отправили бы его к его друзьям — Басаеву и Масхадову» ^[134] .

Сложность его преследования объясняют горно-лесистым крайне труднодоступным характером местности, где он скрывается, его высокой подвижностью («Умаров никогда не ночует в одном и том же месте. Он постоянно перемещается», — Иса Ямадаев ^[135] ). Юнус-бек Евкуров отмечает (сент. 2012): «У него довольно серьезно поставлен контрразведывательный режим. Подступы к Умарову отсечены» ^[136] .

Летом 2009 года Рамзан Кадыров заявлял, что имеет данные о том, что «Доку Умаров был тяжело ранен в ходе проведения под руководством депутата Госдумы Адама Делимханова спецоперации. На месте боя были обнаружены тела четверых боевиков». По словам Кадырова, Умарову, несмотря на тяжёлое ранение, удалось скрыться. Делимханов тогда же заявил, что убитые четверо боевиков являлись охранниками Доку Умарова ^[137] .

В 2005 году в отношении Умарова было возбуждено уголовное дело по статье «Организация незаконных вооружённых формирований» ^[138] .

23 июня 2010 года США официально включили Доку Умарова в список международных террористов ^{[11] [13]} . 11 марта 2011 года Совет Безопасности ООН включил Доку Умарова в список террористов, связанных с Аль-Каидой ^[14] . 26 мая 2011 года США включили Доку Умарова в национальную программу «Вознаграждение за содействие правосудию» и объявили награду в 5 миллионов долларов за информацию о его нахождении (для сравнения: за информацию о местонахождении Шамиля Басаева и Аслана Масхадова ФСБ России в 2004 году объявляла награду в 10 миллионов долларов ^{[139] [140]} , за любую информацию, которая способствует поимке преемника бен Ладена Аймана аз-Завахири США в настоящее время предлагают 25 миллионов долларов, а за голову лидера иракской ячейки « Аль-Каиды » Абу Дуа в октябре 2011 года было объявлено 10 миллионов долларов ^[141] ). Впрочем, первоначально объявленная США награда за голову Усамы бен Ладена также составляла 5 миллионов долларов.

В ответ на призыв Доку Умарова к своим сторонникам сорвать Олимпиаду 2014 года в Сочи глава Чечни Рамзан Кадыров в июле 2013 года заявил, что «шайтан Умаров» наверняка будет уничтожен ещё до начала Игр: «Он — шайтан, мы его до Олимпиады, я думаю, уверен, что мы его уничтожим. Мы его ищем каждый день, он нигде не появляется», — сказал Кадыров. При этом он заявил, что Доку Умаров лишь инструмент в руках «западных, европейских» врагов России, которым не нравится идея проведения Олимпиады в Сочи, и обозвал его «крысоматкой» ^[142] .

Сообщения о гибели

Российские официальные лица и СМИ неоднократно сообщали о гибели Доку Умарова, однако затем эта информация была официально опровергнута ^{[143] [144]} . Весной 2014 года было официально объявлено о смерти Умарова — вначале боевиками, а затем — спецслужбами, при этом его труп так и не был обнаружен. 19 июля 2014 года Рамзан Кадыров выложил в Интернет фотографию мёртвого Умарова ^[145] .

25 сентября 2017 года телеканал РЕН ТВ со ссылкой на собственные источники сообщил, что в горах Ингушетии обнаружены останки Доку Умарова. По данным телеканала, части тела доставлены в Москву для проведения экспертизы и подтверждения личности ^[146] .

Первое сообщение о гибели Умарова поступило 27 марта 2000 года , когда командование Объединённой группировки войск на Северном Кавказе объявило о его гибели в бою в районе села Галайты Ножай-Юртовского района Чечни ^[147] .

В сентябре 2004 года во время захвата школы в Беслане один из подростков якобы опознал Умарова, но среди убитых террористов Умарова не оказалось ^[148] .

15 апреля 2005 года сообщалось о том, что в многоэтажном доме в Ленинском районе Грозного были блокированы 6 боевиков. Сообщалось, что Умаров мог находиться среди них. В результате спецоперации погибли 5 боевиков, одному удалось скрыться. Высказывались предположения, что это был Умаров. ^[149]

8 июня 2009 года СМИ распространили новость, что Доку Умаров был убит в ходе спецоперации Вооружённых Сил России в мае в районе селения Даттых Сунженского района Ингушетии , но впоследствии эта информация была опровергнута ^[150] .

О его гибели сообщалось 13 ноября 2009 года (спецоперация в лесном массиве в окрестностях села Шалажи Урус-Мартановского района), однако эта информация не подтвердилась ^[151] .

В январе 2011 года вновь появилась информация о смерти Доку Умарова. По сообщениям источника сайта Lenta.ru, «в течение последних дней в горных районах Чечни оперативным путём зафиксированы факты обсуждения местными жителями темы возможной смерти лидера остатков бандформирований Доку Умарова». ^[152] Но 7 февраля 2011 в сети Интернет появилась видеозапись с обращением Доку Умарова, которая была распространена среди СМИ, где лидер боевиков берет на себя ответственность за теракт в аэропорту Домодедово 24 января и обещает сделать 2011 год «годом крови и слез» для России. Эта запись также расследуется в связи с террористическим актом в аэропорту Домодедово. ^[153]

29 марта 2011 года появилась информация о том, что Умаров мог быть уничтожен в числе других боевиков в ходе спецоперации в Ингушетии 28 марта 2011 года ^[75] . В результате точечного удара ВВС и наземной операции были уничтожены 19 боевиков, среди опознанных — полевой командир Супьян Абдуллаев и другие близкие Умарову люди, которые обычно всегда находились рядом с ним, в том числе по данным ИТАР-ТАСС — гражданская жена лидера «Имарата Кавказ» ^[154] ( Кавказ-Центр позже уточнил, что погибшая женщина не имеет отношение к Умарову ^[155] ).

8 апреля 2011 года в северокавказскую редакцию радио «Свобода» позвонил человек, представившийся Умаровым, и заявивший о том, что он жив ^[156] (эксперты подтвердили, что звонил действительно Умаров ^[157] ). 14 апреля 2011 года, по данным информационного агентства LifeNews, экспертиза опровергла смерть Доку Умарова. Анализ ДНК показал, что Умарова среди убитых боевиков не было (ДНК, выделенные из образцов ткани отца Доку Умарова Хамада, убитого в Чечне в 2007 году, не совпали с анализами ни одного них ^[158] ). Более того, в середине мая лидер северо-кавказских сепаратистов дал интервью, в котором выразил сожаления по поводу уничтожения бен Ладена и пообещал сделать «полем сражения» территорию всей России ^[159] .

Гибель

18 декабря 2013 года на пресс-конференции в Москве Рамзан Кадыров выразил уверенность в том, что Умаров уже мёртв: «По нашей информации, Доку Умаров давно мертв. Мы просто ищем труп. Кто найдет труп, тот станет великим воином» ^[160] .

16 января 2014 года глава Чечни Рамзан Кадыров заявил, что, по имеющимся у него данным, Доку Умаров был убит в начале января в результате спецоперации ^{[37] [65] [95] [115] [116]} . В подтверждение своих слов Кадыров ссылался на запись переговоров эмиссаров кавказских боевиков, которые выражали соболезнования в связи со смертью Умарова обсуждали кандидатуру преемника на посту эмира Кавказского эмирата ^[161] . В то же время российские специальные службы сообщили, что не подтверждают смерть Умарова ^{[8] [14] [26] [57] [75]} .

Боевики предварительно подтвердили сведения о смерти Умарова 16 января 2014 года, а окончательно — 18 марта ^[162] . Боевики заявили, что Умаров отравился продуктами, переданными жителем Ингушетии ^[163] . На посту лидера Имарата Кавказ его сменил Алиасхаб Кебеков (под именем Али Абу-Мухаммад) ^[164] .

8 апреля 2014 года директор ФСБ РФ Александр Бортников официально заявил, что нейтрализована деятельность Доку Умарова ^[165] .

19 июля Кадыров опубликовал фото мертвого Умарова, и в тот же день на сайтах боевиков появилась видеозапись погребения Умарова. На видео человек называет дату смерти Умарова — 7 сентября 2013 года ^[163] .

25 сентября 2017 года появились сообщения об обнаружении останков Доку Умарова в Ингушетии. Место захоронения показал мужчина, задержанный за участие в боевых действиях на стороне боевиков в Сирии. ФСБ официально подтвердило обнаружение останков Умарова 27 сентября. Экспертиза подтвердила принадлежность найденных останков Доку Умарову и причину его смерти — отравление сильнодействующим ядом. Отравление Умарова в 2013 году было результатом спецоперации силовиков ^[163] .

Детали спецоперации, в результате которой был убит Умаров, ФСБ не раскрывает ^[163] .

По мнению эксперта Московского центра Карнеги исламовед Алексея Малашенко (2010), Умаров

«при всём том, что он сегодня наиболее известен, благодаря СМИ, — это не тот человек, который несёт какие-то харизматические черты, как это было у Шамиля Басаева , или у того же Саида Бурятского » ^[66] .

Был женат на дочери полевого командира Дауда Ахмадова (близкого соратника Джохара Дудаева). Имел шестерых детей.

5 мая 2005 года были похищены 70-летний отец Доку Умарова, Хамад, а также его жена и 6-месячный сын. ^[166] За несколько месяцев до этого был захвачен и его родной брат, 43-летний Ахмад Умаров. ^[167] В 2003 и 2004 годах были схвачены двоюродный брат Доку Умарова Заурбек и племянник Роман Атаев. В ночь на 12 августа 2005 года на юго-западе Чечни была похищена сестра Умарова Наталья Хумаидова. ^[166] Террористы утверждали, что все похищенные помещались в личную тюрьму Рамзана Кадырова в селе Хоси-Юрт .

В 2006 году добровольно сдался чеченским властям его старший брат Ахмед Умаров, заявивший, что последний раз видел брата в 2004 году ^[138] .

В апреле 2007 года представители российской стороны обратились через посредников к террористам с предложением показать место захоронения Хамада Умарова. Доку Умаров подтвердил информацию об убийстве своего отца. ^[168]

Также в ходе боевых действий погибли два брата Умарова — Муса и Иса. ^[169]

В 2010 году неожиданно объявился ещё один брат Умарова, Ваха. Он заявил, что живёт в Стамбуле (с 2005 года ^[138] ), и открестился от чеченского бандподполья. ^[170]

Награждён высшими орденами ЧРИ «Честь Нации» и «Герой Нации» , а также именным оружием от Джохара Дудаева ^{[16] [18] [44]} .

• Doku Umarov, "the Russian army in Chechnya exhausted" // Kavkaz-Center , 15.07.2005 (Interview Journalist " Radio Svoboda " Andrey Babitsky with Vice-President of CRI Dokka Umarov)
• Shashlin V. Umarov is no longer the “emir” // Interfax , 08/02/2010