Andrei Andreyevich Vinius ( Dutch: Andreas Andreaszon Winius , also Vinivs , Vinio ; June 4, 1641 , Moscow , Russian Empire - 1717 , ibid.) - Russian statesman of the era of Peter I , Moscow nobleman, duma clerk , associate of Peter I [3] . An official of the Posolsky and other orders , the Russian postmaster (1672, 1675-1693).
| Andrey Andreevich Vinius | |
|---|---|
| Andreas Andreaszon Winius | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| Occupation | statesman, translator , first Russian postmaster |
| Father | Andrey Denisovich Vinius |
| Children | son M.A. Vinius |
His efforts were instituted and built at the Cannon Courtyard " Moscow Pushkarskaya school ."
Biography
The son of Andrei Denisovich Vinius (Andreas Venius; 1605-1662), a Russian merchant and breeder , a Dutchman by birth and also the son of a merchant [4] ; frieze by nationality [3] . In 1632, during the reign of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich , Vinius Sr. settled in the Russian Empire and organized iron smelting, iron-making and weapons factories near Tula [5] [6] [7] . After the death of his first wife, friesian and mother A. A. Vinius, Vinius Sr. married Gertrude Meyer [3] [8] . From early childhood, Andrei was taught to speak two languages - Russian and Dutch . In addition, Andrew studied the Latin language , which he later taught to Tsar Peter I [9] . Thanks to home education, he also knew German, Ancient Greek, English, geography, drawing, mathematics, chemistry and theology. Religiously, he was brought up in the spirit of Calvinism, traditional for the Netherlands. However, on August 22, 1655, Patriarch Nikon baptized him in Moscow according to the Orthodox rite [3] .
He lived in the German settlement , the place of settlement of foreigners in Moscow. He began public service in 1664 as a translator in the Ambassadorial Order . With diplomatic missions he was outfitted in France , Spain and England (1672–1674), upon returning from where he was promoted to the nobility. In 1675–1693 he headed the Post Office [9] , then the Pharmaceutical Order .
In 1697 he was placed at the head of the Siberian order , became the state secretary for the affairs of the Siberian kingdom [10] , and after the Russians lost most of the artillery at the Battle of Narva, he headed the Artillery Order [11] and was responsible for the construction of factories in the Urals . By order of the tsar and contrary to the will of many Russian people, he remelted temple bells [12] and even forced the foundry workers who worked too slowly to beat with a whip [13] . As a result of this, already 8 months after the Battle of Narva, a quarter of all Russian bells were melted down and hundreds of guns entered the arsenal of the Russian army.
However, in 1703, Vinius was removed from public service on charges of slowness in supplying the army and theft. Vinius tried to bribe Menshikov , who accepted a bribe and even gave an acquittal, but at the same time reported the incident to Peter I. This episode from Vinius’s biography is mentioned, among other documents, in the correspondence between the player and the Vienna court :
| Chancellor Vinius ... was pardoned and not hanged, and beaten with a whip and sentenced to pay 7,000 rubles [14] (there is such a habit that at first a person is given the opportunity to save a lot, and then he is presented with some kind of charge - and all that is saved is taken away under torture) . From a letter from Player dated September 25, 1703 [15] |
Being close to Peter I, he was a member of the All-Witness, Almighty, and Madhouse Council [9] . Often corresponded with Peter on a wide range of issues - from amusement troops and military strategy to drinking entertainments within the framework of the All-Sovereign Council [9] [13] . It was Vinius who, after the Azov campaigns, organized a triumphal entrance with a pagan arch in Moscow, which plunged Muscovites into embarrassment [16] . In 1706 he fled to Holland, but returned to Russia in 1708, receiving the pardon of Peter I.
Known for translating books on military science and technology, collecting artwork and composing an impressive library in foreign languages. The author of the geographical reference book “Description of the distance of the capitals of deliberate cities of glorious states” [17] .
Vinius survived all his children and died in 1717. He was buried at the Moscow Church of the Introduction of the Mother of God in Barashy at the Intercession Gate [3] .
Russian Post Development
Vinius was appointed postmaster in December 1675 and led the activities of "overseas mails" (international mail lines) in Russia. Concluded a number of contracts for the delivery of Russian mail abroad.
The so-called “Overseas Post” (“Riga Post”), founded in 1665, connected Moscow with Riga ; its functioning under Vinius was significantly improved. In 1667, in accordance with the Andrusovsky truce with Poland , the second line was established - "Vilna Post" - from Moscow via Smolensk to the Lithuanian border and on to Vilna .
In 1693, Vinius voluntarily resigned his postal management duties in favor of his son M. A. Vinius. However, even after that he took part in the development of Russian postal business. So, it is known that on November 12, 1698, being the head of the Siberian order and fulfilling the order of Peter I, the Duma clerk A. A. Vinius organized regular delivery of letters to Siberia [18] .
Memory
Tula International Cycling Night was dedicated to Vinius from August 13 to August 14, 2016. In a live broadcast of Our Radio, the historian Igor Yurkin spoke about the role of Vinius for the birth of industry and the military-industrial complex of Russia. In the framework of Velonochi, a memorial sign was opened on the facade of the Tula arms factory in memory of how Vinius manufactory produced the first pounds of iron 380 years ago [19] .
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 13640278X // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ LIBRIS
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Milyukov S. G. Unknown Message from A. A. Vinius to Peter the Great // Document. Archive. Story. Present: Sat scientific tr - Yekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Ural University, 2009. - Vol. ten.
- ↑ Denzel, 2004 , p. 143.
- ↑ Olearius, 1967 , p. 124.
- ↑ Seymour, 1855 , p. 73.
- ↑ Vinius Andrey Denisovich (Venius) . Biographies of famous people . Mirimen.com The world of names. Date of treatment August 24, 2009. Archived February 14, 2012.
- ↑ According to other sources, the father married in Moscow a Russian Orthodox woman; see: Massie, 1981 , p. 113.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Massie, 1981 , p. 113
- ↑ Theological M.M. House of Ordinance 1700-1703 Part One // Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences . VI series. - 1927. - T. 21. - Issue. 7. - S. 1347-1374.
- ↑ Massie, 1981 , p. 342—343.
- ↑ Jones, 2005 , p. 110-111.
- ↑ 1 2 Massie, 1981 , p. 343.
- ↑ According to other sources, 13 000 rubles; see, for example, the publication of I. N. Yurkin .
- ↑ Cit. according to Sharymov, 2004 : Player O.-A. Reports to Vienna // History of the reign of Peter the Great / N. G. Ustryalov . - SPb. , 1863. - T. 4, part 2. - Appendices: App. No. VI. - S. 617.
- ↑ Massie, 1981 , p. 147-148.
- ↑ Pashnik O. Uppsala list of the geographical reference of A. A. Vinius.
- ↑ November 12, 1698 . Calendar of events in Irkutsk and the region . stamps.lgg.ru; Sergey Korobov (Irkutsk). - One of the biographical facts on the site stamps.lgg.ru . Date of treatment January 3, 2009. Archived on February 14, 2012.
- ↑ Velonotte international 2016: Tula, Berlin, Kazan & Moscow . Velonotte international 2016: Tula, Berlin, Kazan & Moscow. Date of appeal September 20, 2016.
Literature
- Large philatelic dictionary / Under the general. ed. N.I. Vladinets and V.A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio and communications, 1988 .-- 320 p. - ISBN 5-256-00175-2 . (See Vilnius Post , Vinius .)
- Vigilev A.N. History of domestic mail. - M. , 1977. - Part 1; 1979. - Part 2.
- Vinius, Andrei Andreyevich // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- Vinius Andrey Andreevich // Veshin - Gazli. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1971. - (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 5).
- Dremizov A. Russian mail began with Tula // Sloboda. - 2009. - No. 21. - May 27.
- Kafengauz B. B. The history of the Demidov economy in the 18th-19th centuries. - M. - L. , 1949 .-- T. 1.
- Books from the collection of Andrei Andreyevich Vinius: Catalog / Comp. E. A. Savelyeva. - SPb. : BAN; Alpharet, 2008 .-- 440 p. - ISBN 5-336-0087-6 (erroneous) .
- Kozlovsky I.P. Andrey Vinius. A collaborator of Peter the Great (1641-1717). - SPb. , 1911.
- Kozlovsky I.P. First mails and first postmasters in the Moscow state . - Warsaw, 1913.- T. 1.
- Milyukov S. G. Dumy clerk Andrey Andreevich Vinius - a statesman of Russia in the second half of the XVII - beginning of the XVIII centuries: Dis. ... cand. East. Sciences: 07.00.02. - M. , 2000 .-- 351 p.
- Moiseeva G. N. Vinius Andrey Andreevich // Dictionary of Russian writers of the 18th century. Issue 1 (AI). / Ans. ed. A.M. Panchenko. - L .: Science, 1988.
- Sashenkov E.P. Polar mail. - M .: Communication, 1975 .-- 296 p. - 40,000 copies.
- Solovyov S. M. The history of Russia since ancient times. Works: In 18 kn. - M .: Voice; Bell Press, 1993-1998.
- Philatelic Dictionary / Comp. O. Ya. Basin. - M .: Communication, 1968 .-- 164 p. (See Overseas Post .)
- Sharymov A. What happened on the Neva and around it in July 1703 // Background of St. Petersburg. 1703 year. Book of studies / A. Sharymov. - SPb. : The journal "Neva", 2004. - The book. 2. - Sec. 2. - Ch. X. - ISBN 5-87516-044-6 .
- Yurkin I. N. Is the place of birth known? // Young communard. - 1988. - June 28.
- Yurkin I.N. Andrei Andreyevich Vinius, 1641-1716 / Res. ed. V.N. Zakharov. - M .: Nauka , 2007 .-- 558 p. - ( Scientific and biographical literature ). - ISBN 978-5-02-032748-1 .
- I. Yurkin, “From the Mother See of Moscow ...”: A. A. Vinius in Moscow and Moscow Region. - M .: OJSC Moscow Textbooks and Cartolithography, 2009. - 240 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-7853-1005-6 .
- Denzel MA (Ed.). From Commercial Communication to Commercial Integration: Middle Ages to 19th Century // Beitrage zur Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte; International Economic History Association, Universidad de San Andrés, Academia Nacional de la Historia (Argentina). - Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004 .-- Bd. 100. - 271 p. - ISBN 978-3-515-08473-4 . (eng.)
- Jones MB Peter Called the Great. - Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2005. - 400 p. - ISBN 978-1-4179-9769-5 . (eng.)
- Peter the Great: His Life and World. - New York, NY, USA: Ballantine Books, 1981. - 928 p. - ISBN 0-345-29806-3 . (eng.)
- Olearius A. The Travels of Olearius in 17th-Century Russia / Translated and edited by SH Baron. - Stanford University Press, 1967. - 368 p. - ISBN 978-0-8047-0219-5 . (eng.)
- Russia on the Black Sea and Sea of Azof: Being a Narrative of Travels in the Crimea and Bordering Provinces; with Notices of the Naval, Military, and Commercial Resources of Those Countries. - 3rd edn. - L .: John Murray, 1855. - 433 p. - ISBN 1-4021-3443-6 . (eng.)
Links
- Gurov V.A. The first Russian postmaster . History of Smolensk Post . Union of Philatelists of Russia (January 19, 2008). Date of treatment August 24, 2009. Archived February 14, 2012.
- “Duno Viniusa” // Review of acts of the Ambassadorial Order of 1671–1675, relating to the search for silver and copper ores // Materials of the Archaeographic Commission // Source 1: “Additions to the Historical Acts collected by the Archaeographic Commission” of 1875; source 2: "Acts relating to the legal life of ancient Russia" 1884
- Rogoza Vladimir. How did the Dutch merchants Vinius of Russia serve? . Biographies . Daily informative magazine "SchoolZhizni.ru"; LLC Production Center "Roiber" (June 23, 2008). Date of treatment August 25, 2009. Archived February 14, 2012.
- Yurkin I.N. The nestling of Petrov’s nest - Andrei Andreyevich Vinius (1641-1717) . Great people . Tula and Tula region. Date of treatment August 24, 2009. Archived February 14, 2012.
- Vinius Andrey Andreevich (Inaccessible link) . Encyclopedic dictionary "History of the Fatherland from ancient times to the present day . " Great Russian Encyclopedia; Yandex dictionaries. Date of treatment August 24, 2009. Archived February 14, 2012.
- Vinius Andrey Andreevich (1641-1717) . School of military engineers in 1701-1960 . Volvakovtsy. Date of treatment August 24, 2009. Archived February 14, 2012.