Dictionary of billiard terms

A

• Abrikol (in Russian billiards) - a hit in which the cue ball hits the board first, and then into the aiming ball.
• Alager ( fr. À la guerre ) is a game where each opponent has his own ball. (Two-ball game) ^[1]
• American - a game of 16 balls, one of the varieties of games in the "Russian billiards" (see. Pyramid )
• English billiards - a kind of billiard game.
• Arctic - a kind of game in Alager
• Artistic billiards is a type of billiard game in which only trick shots are used.
• An attack (commonly, except for a cannon and its varieties) is a hit on the cue ball (hereinafter referred to as simply a hit ) in order to hammer an aiming ball (and in some types of billiards and cue ball) into a pocket.

B

• Batifon is a two-ball game when one player plays against all.
• Bill (cannon) - a series of strokes made before the first mistake, that is, until the balls fall correctly in the pockets, cannons are made or points are scored in skittles.
• A cue ball (total) is a ball (in a pool and snooker - white, in a pyramid - various shades of yellow, red or brown), which is used to hit a sighting ball. An exception when using the cue ball is found in the Free Pyramid (formerly American), where any of the balls on the table can be cue ball, and in some types of cannon and in the English billiards, where each player uses only the same ball as the cue ball ( Of the two bright balls present on the cannon table - that is, a white ball with dots (or light yellow) is the cue ball for one player, and a pure white ball is the cue ball of the other player.
• Bulk line ( English baulk line ) (in snooker) - a line drawn closer to the end of the game table; the area designated by it occupies exactly ¼ of the entire length of the table; the bolker line does not carry any specific value for the main version of snooker, however, it significantly affects the game in its kind called Power Snooker . The area behind the balker line in this version of the game is called "PowerZone". If the cue ball is within the "PowerZone", and the player scores any ball, then the amount of points received doubles.
• Break ( English break ) (in snooker) - see. Series

In

• Screw (total.) -

1. Rotational motion of the ball as a result of impact. There are four main types of screws - left, right, top (“roll”), bottom (“guy”), as well as their combinations.

2. One of the varieties of the pyramid game, when points for correctly placed in a row balls increase according to the ordinal score of strokes, that is, for the first put ball - in a single size, for the second - in double, for the third - in triple, etc.

• Exit (in Russian billiards - an exhibition) (total) - a blow, as a result of which the cue ball rolls back (“exits”) to the place where the player intends to play the next ball.

G

• Lip (commonly., Except for the cannon and its varieties) - the beveled part of the elastic side, located in the alignment of the pockets.

D

• Double kiss ( English double kiss ) (in snooker) - a double mutual collision of the aiming ball and the cue ball.
• Record - give odds to the played balls or points, which are transferred to the player who receives the head start as balls are laid or points are gained.
• Give from billiards - when a player giving a head start, after breaking the pyramid, removes balls from a billiard according to the established handicap and gives them to the receiving head start.
• Sofa (in Russian billiards) - the deliberate hitting of an aim ball with three blows into three randomly standing balls, while all four balls must be hammered into two central and two side pockets, respectively.
• House (in Russian billiards and some other varieties) - the area on the gaming table (occupies 1/4 of the entire surface of the table), from where the game can be played by hand .
• Duplet (total.) - A blow in which the aiming ball first hits the side, and then goes towards the pocket.
• A duet - in Russian billiards - getting a cue ball and a stranger into a pocket / pocket, in a pool - when a cue ball scores two necessary balls.
• "Fool" (in Russian billiards; in snooker - fly , he is a fool ) - accidental hit of a ball in a pocket.

G

• Yellow pocket (in snooker) is a conditional concept that has been introduced into snooker since the 80s . Means the far left pocket.

3

• Green pocket (in snooker) is a conditional concept that has been introduced into snooker since the 1980s. Means the far right pocket.
• Hares (in Russian billiards) - two sighting balls located close to each other (see Plant ).

And

• Hand game (total) - the right of one of the players to take a hit from anywhere (in some types of billiards - from specially designated areas).

To

• Comeback ( English comeback - return) - a situation in which a player who is significantly behind in the score compares it or wins the match as a whole.
• Cannon

1. A type of billiard game, numbering about ten varieties, common for which is the use of three balls with a diameter of 60 mm, painted or marked with dots, and a table without pockets 10 feet long, sometimes 5 wooden chips (miniature pins) placed in the center of the table are added to them .

2. A type of blow that is delivered to a target ball by a rebound from one ball or group of balls.

• Cue (total.) - Billiard accessories designed for striking the cue ball. Cues for Russian billiards , pool and snooker vary in size and weight.
• Kicks ( English kicks ) (the term is used mainly in Russian billiards) - a blow in which the cue sticker slips over the surface of the cue ball.
• The Chinese eight or the Chinese pool , Chinese billiards - a kind of loose billiards, common in China ^{[2] [3]} .
• Bonding - getting a ball into a pocket; another value is the player’s ability to score balls.
• Cluster (commonly) - a cluster of two or more balls located very close to one to one.
• Klapshtos ( German: klapp stoß ) (in Russian billiards) - a hit in which your ball (cue ball) after impact with the aiming ball remains in place.
• Ground clearance ( English clearance ) (mainly in snooker; in Russian billiards - clearing the table ) - driving all remaining sighting balls into the pockets during one series.
  • Total clearance ( English total clearance ) (in snooker) - driving all (from the first to the last) sighting balls into the pockets during one series.
• Colle (from the French word "colle" - glued) is a ball that stands tightly on the side.
• A counter-counter (in Russian billiards) or double-kiss - a second hit on the cue ball reflected from the side or other balls of the aiming ball.
• Cross-double ( eng. Cross double ) (in Russian billiards - a cruise , or a cruise-reverse ) is a kind of doublet, in which your ball (cue ball) crosses the falling line of the ball played from the side.
• Kyueing ( English suing ) - execution of a blow, possession (work) of a cue.
• Cannon ( eng. Cannon ) (in snooker) - an unexpected or intentional collision of a cue ball with other balls.

L

• A louse (commonly, except for a cannon and its varieties) is a special hole on the gaming table where balls are clogged.

M

• A maz or smear is the subject of billiard equipment. Instead of a cue, they hit the cue ball instead of a cue. In modern billiards it is not applied ^{[4] [5]}
• Maximum break or maximum (in snooker) - the maximum possible (within the rules ) series of one of the players.
• Mask (in the pool) - a position on the gaming table when the cue ball is closed from the aiming ball by another ball and cannot pass to it along a straight path ^[6] .
• Massé (general) - a blow (usually with a strong lateral upper rotation), which is applied vertically from top to bottom in the upper lateral half of the ball, facing away from the player, as a result of which the ball rolls along an arc. One of the most technically challenging punches. Used in cannon and artistic billiards.
• The typewriter (commonly., Also includes the names rest (in snooker) or simple. “Mother-in-law” in Russian billiards) - a special device used as an additional support for a cue when striking.
• Miss ( eng. Miss ) (in snooker) - a hit in which the cue ball does not fall into the aiming ball.

H

• Press - a blow when the player, putting the end of the cue to the cue ball, standing close to another ball near the pocket and gradually pushing it in the right direction, as a result of forcing the latter to fall into the pocket. Forbidden in billiards kick.
• Nakat (commonly) - a blow above the center of the cue ball, as a result of which the cue ball, after colliding with the aiming ball, continues to move forward further.
• A sticker (or heel pad) (commonly) is a circle of specially treated leather glued to the end of the front of the cue, which directly contacts the cue ball when performing strikes. They can vary in degree of hardness to soft, medium and hard.

About

• Brace (total) - a hit below the center of the ball, as a result of which the cue ball, most often after impact with the aiming ball, rolls back.
• Wagering (or a positional strike ) (total, except for the cannon and its varieties) - a strike to remove the ball, most often the cue ball, in a difficult position for the opponent. Also: when playing in pool-8 and in straight-pool (varieties of the pool) - the situation provided for by the rules when the player performing the next hit preliminary announces that he intends to transfer the execution of the next hit to his opponent, regardless of the result of his hit (hit or miss of the declared ball in the pocket). The announcement of a Wagering or Safe must be made out loud, before the strike, so that the opponent and the judge hear and clearly understand it.

P

• Party (total) or frame (in snooker) - a time period in a match that begins with an initial hit and ends, as a rule, with a victory ball won for one of the players, or the end of the winning streak, or one of the players recognizes their defeat.
• Pachekot - a type of cannon game with pins.
• A stalemate situation (in snooker) is a situation in which the further development of the frame is extremely difficult or almost impossible. In this case, a frame replay is assigned, and all the results of the unplayed game are canceled.
• Replay in black ( eng. Re-spot black ) (in snooker) - a situation in which, after scoring the last ball, the score in the frame becomes equal. In this case, the black ball is put on its mark, and then a draw is drawn, according to the results of which one of the players receives the right of the first strike. Whoever scores black wins the frame.
• Hop (total) or jump ( English jump ) in snooker and pool) - a hit in which the cue ball jumps over a masking ball. The pool is performed by a shortened cue - jumper.
• Pyramid (commonly., Except for the cannon and its varieties) - the initial arrangement of sighting balls in the form of an equilateral triangle. (Note. In some types of billiards - for example, in Pula-9 a pyramid of 9 balls is arranged in the form of a rhombus).

• Pyramid is the official name for the type of billiard games formerly known as “Russian billiards” (“ American ”, “Siberian”, “Nevskaya”, “71 points”, etc., about 20 varieties in total). Common to them is the use of a set of 15 numbered white and one colored ball with a diameter of 68 mm and a table 12 feet long with narrow pockets with virtually no rounding. The name Pyramid instead of the name Russian billiards was introduced to comply with the international principles of naming sports games, according to which national or geographical roots should not be used. For the same reason, the pool officially ceased to be called the American pool.

• Plant ( eng. Plant ) (snooker. For the pool and the pyramid, the corresponding terms are the pair and the hare ) - the common name for the two situations when the game is played by a pair of balls tightly pressed against each other. Depending on which of the lines, the “center line” (connecting the centers of the pair’s balls) or the “common tangent line” (the perpendicular to the center line drawn through the point of contact of the pair’s balls) leads into the hole - the intended ball is played either by hitting another ball, standing in close pair with a ball directed into the pocket, or by hitting the intended ball, counting on the special trajectory of its rebound from the supporting ball, which is second in pair. In the first case, the intended ball will go along the line of centers, in the second - along the line of a common tangent. ^[7] . In this case, additional effects apply: 1) direct rejection due to friction in the pair, 2) rejection by screwing up, and 3) a small roll of the aiming ball due to the transfer of rotation from the cue ball, if it was launched with a strong draw. Particularly noticeable on shabby or dirty balls, these effects allow the player (by adding screws, a guy line and selecting a point of impact) to slightly adjust the resulting direction of the ball played from the plant . Due to these effects, even if the center line or common tangent line does not follow exactly in the pocket, the intended ball can be directed into the pocket.
• Kick (total) is a situation in which, after hitting a cue ball or some other ball, strikes an uncomfortable ball or group of balls (cluster, remnants of an unbroken pyramid) in order to move them to a more convenient position.
• Aim ball (commonly) - A ball that is hit with a cue ball.
• Ass (general) - a situation where a player has struck more than one hit on the cue ball when performing one specific hit, or a situation in which the cue, cue ball and sight ball are touched simultaneously.
• Pool ( English pool ) - a kind of billiard game.
• Push-out ( eng. Push-out ) (in pool-9) - the situation stipulated by the rules of Pool-9, when a player who has the right to take the first hit of the game (that is, hit immediately after breaking the balls) intends to move the cue ball or other balls in a new position and give the opponent the right to choose the option to continue the game. After a correctly executed push, the opponent has the opportunity to continue the game himself (to accept a push), or to return the right of the next blow to the player who performed the push (refuse to push). Push should be announced before the strike. Push was introduced into the rules of Pool-9 in order to completely equalize the chances of players at the very beginning of the game.

P

• Robbery (total) - the initial blow in the game, is carried out with a cue ball on the balls standing in the pyramid; sometimes the term “breakdown” is used.
• Re-rack ( eng. Re-rack ) (in snooker) - replay of the frame (for example, in the event of a stalemate in the game).
• Cutting (total) - the angle at which the cue ball strikes the aiming ball.
• A productive strike (total) is a stroke ending in a ball falling into a pocket (in carambol - corresponding to the rules of the game by the number of touches of the sides and balls), after which the player has the right to continue the game.
• Rest ( English rest ) (in snooker) - a device for installing a cue (used if playing with your hands is impossible or extremely difficult). Resta can be of different types (for example, spider-rest, rest "swan neck", etc.).
• Draw (total) - a procedure for determining the order of the participants in a game.
• Russian billiards - a kind of luzny billiards (see. Pyramid )

C

• Free ball (in English snooker) - a situation in which a player, as a result of an unsuccessful attempt to exit another player from the snooker, cannot hit a certain aiming ball. In this case, the player has the right to order any other aiming ball (at the price of red) with the subsequent clogging of color.
• One's own ( simple .
• The brother- in- law (in the pyramid) is a blow whose purpose is to direct the cue ball into the pocket. In the rules of various pyramid games, the ability to perform and the result of such a blow is determined differently. For example, in the Classical Pyramid (71 points), he leads to a foul, in the Free Pyramid (American) he is no different from other punches, in the Dynamic Pyramid and the Combination Pyramid (Nevskaya and Sibirka, respectively), the continuation of the game after an effective brother-in-law and an effective “alien” is different .
• Sector D (in snooker) - a specially marked area on the gaming table, from where the player performs robbery or a punch from the hand.
• Set ( English set ) (in carambol) - the time period in a match, in its meaning is almost similar to the concept of "party".
• Century break ( Eng. Century break ) (in snooker) - a series of a player with 100 or more points.
• A series (total) is a sequence of effective attacking attacks of one of the players (in carambol, this term has a slightly different meaning ^{[ which one? ]} ).
• Snooker -

1. Разновидность бильярдной лузной игры. Наиболее распространена в Великобритании.

2. Позиция на игровом столе, когда биток закрыт от прицельного шара другим шаром и не может пройти к нему по прямой траектории с обеих сторон ^[6] .

• Спайдер также спайдер-рест ( англ. spider rest ) (в снукере) — приспособление для установки кия. См. рест .
• Сплит

1. Также сплит-шот ( англ. split shot ) или сплит-хит ( англ. split hit ) — удар, при котором на глаз трудно определить, какого из близко стоящих прицельных шаров биток коснулся первым. Обычно в турнирных правилах считается фолом, в любительских результативным ударом.

2. В пуле удар, посылающий два или более соприкасающихся шара в разные направления.

3. В снукере удар, при котором биток отправляется в скопление красных шаров для их разбития.

Т

• Теща (в русском бильярде) — то же, что «рест» в снукере. Приспособление для установки кия (применяется в случае, если игра с руки невозможна или крайне затруднительна).
• Тип ( англ. tip ) (в снукере) — наклейка на кий.
• Триплет — удар, при котором играемый шар сперва отразится от двух бортов а затем направляется в лузу.
• Трио — удар в русском бильярде, когда биток направляет в одну лузу два близко стоящих шара и отражается в другую лузу.
• Турняк или турник — толстая часть кия.
• Туш ( фр. touche ) (в русском бильярде) — касание шара на столе киём, рукой, машинкой и т. д.
• Трик-шот ( англ. trick shot ) (общ.) — «трюковой» удар.
• Тачин бол ( англ. touching ball — соприкасающийся шар) (в снукере) — ситуация, когда биток стоит вместе с другим шаром, соприкасаясь с ним.

Ф

• Фол ( англ. foul ) или штраф — любое нарушение игровых правил со стороны участников. В снукере после того, как одному из игроков назначается штраф, его сопернику начисляются дополнительные очки (в зависимости от вида нарушения — от 4 до 7), право выбора удара также переходит к нему.
• Фора — договорённость об изначальном преимуществе в количестве шаров, очков, ударов и т. п.
• Флюк ( англ. fluke ), фукс или прост. «дурак» — случайное попадание шара в лузу. В зависимости от вида игры дурак может считаться как результативным (Пул-9, Пирамида Свободная (Американка)), так и нерезультативным ударом (Пул-8, Пул-14.1, Пирамида Классическая). В некоторых случаях это является фолом , например, когда при игре в снукер при очередном ударе по красному в лузу дураком падает цветной, или когда в Пуле-8 дураком падает шар № 8 (чёрный).
• Француз (в русском бильярде) — свояк, забитый на винте медленным подкатом вдоль борта от стоящего на нём шара.
• Фрейм ( англ. frame ) (в снукере) — см. партия .
• Фрейм-бол ( англ. frame ball ) (преимущественно в снукере) — шар, при забитии которого на столе остается такое количество шаров, максимальная сумма очков которых не достаточна для победы игроку в партии, то есть победа возможна через обязательную дополнительную постановку снукеров (см. п. 2 термина снукер ) в которых соперник ошибается или соперник сам допускает ошибки и при этом игроку становится достаточно очков, полученных от штрафа (-ов) соперника для победы или ничейной партии.
• Фукс ( нем. Fuchs лиса ) (общ.) — в бильярдной игре случайно выигранный шар ^[8] «дурак» (прост.).

Ч

• Чужой (в русском бильярде) — прицельный шар, по которому игрок наносит удар.

Ш

• Шафт ( нем. schaft — рукоятка, стержень, хвостовик) — верхняя, более тонкая, часть кия.
• Шесть красных ( англ. six-red snooker, six-reds, 6-red, super 6s ) — укороченная разновидность снукера , в которой в начальной позиций вместо 15 используется только 6 красных шаров.
• Штаны (в русской пирамиде или американке) — намеренное попадание одним ударом без рикошета прицельного шара и битка в разные лузы.
• Штраф или фол (общ.) — нарушение правил игроком в ходе игры. При объявлении штрафа право удара, как правило, передаётся сопернику.

Э

• Эксте́ншн ( англ. extension ) (преимущественно в снукере) —

1. Механическое приспособление, служащее для увеличения длины кия, надеваемое на его заднюю часть.

2. В турнире, где игроки имеют ограниченное время на удар (обычно турниры, транслируемые по телевидению), экстеншн — дополнительное время, предоставленное для принятия решение об ударе. Игроки имеют ограниченное количество экстеншн в каждом фрейме.

• Эффе — «кручёный удар» или удар с вращением, общее название ударов, при которых шар при поступательном движении ещё и вращается.

• Misuna G. Ya. Billiard Player's Handbook: Secrets of the Game Technique . - M .: AST; Donetsk: Stalker, 2004 .-- 247 p.
• Loshakov A. L. The ABC of billiards . - M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2005 .-- 258 p.

• Dictionary of billiard terms