Chole fels

Hole Fels Cave

Hole-Fels , Holefels , Cholera-Fels , German. der Hohle Fels, Hohler Fels, Hohlefels , or Choler Stein , German. Hohler Stein is a karst cave in Swabian Alba . Located at a distance of about 1 km from the center of Schelklingen .

The entrance to the cave is located at an altitude of 534 meters above sea level. The cave consists of a corridor about 15 meters long and the next hall with an area of ​​500 m² and a capacity of 6000 m³. This is one of the largest caves in the south of Germany. Since 1870 Excavations were conducted in the cave, during which a large number of artifacts of the Upper Paleolithic era and animal remains belonging to the same period were discovered.

The most impressive findings in the cave include a small ivory figurine depicting a waterfowl, discovered in 2002 and dated about 35,000 years ago. ^{[1] A} team of archaeologists from the University of Tübingen published a discovery report on December 18, 2003 in the journal Nature . ^[2] In addition to this figurine, an image of a horse's head made of mammoth bone, a fragment of lime with a dotted pattern of the Madeleine era , and in 2005 a flint object interpreted as a phallic symbol were found in the cave. ^{[3] [4]}

In 2008, a hollow bone of vulture ( Gyps fulvus ) with holes was discovered in the cave, which supposedly served as a flute of the Aurignac era, about 35,000 BC. e. ^{[5] [6]} Two more fragments of prehistoric flutes (flutes 2 and 3) were made of mammoth bone, probably using the same technology as flute 3 from the Geisenklesterle cave. ^[five]

On May 8, 2009, a report was published stating that in 2008 a group of archaeologists led by Nicholas Conard in Layer V (old Aurignac ) discovered a small figurine in the form of a woman, similar to the previously known Venus of Willendorf . This “ Venus from Hole-Fels ” dates back at least 35,000 years ago and is thus one of the oldest, if not the most ancient, “ Paleolithic Venus ” ^[7] . From the nearby Geisenklösterle cave near the city of Blaubeuren , an ancient image of a man comes ^[1] .

In August 2015, a fixture made of a mammoth tusk ( en: Bâton de commandement or “wand of the chief”) with a length of 20.4 cm with four holes 7 and 9 mm in diameter framed by deep, clear spiral cuts, used for manufacturing, was found in layer Va ropes from plant materials ^{[8] [9] [10]} .

The representative of the Madeleine culture Hohle Fels 49 , who lived in Hall Fels approx. 15 thousand liters n Y-chromosome haplogroup I and mitochondrial haplogroup U8a were detected ^[11] .