Akhmetov, Rinat Leonidovich

Born into the family of a miner Leonid Alekseevich Akhmetov (died 1991 ^[3] ), a native of the village of Surgod, Torbeyevsky district of the Republic of Mordovia; subsequently, the parents moved to the Kuibyshev region ( RSFSR ), then to Donetsk ^[4] . Nakiya Nasredinovna, Rinat Akhmetova's mother, worked as a seller ^[5] . The elder brother Igor L. Akhmetov, like his father, worked in the mine, then got a serious occupational disease and was forced to leave work ^[6] .

Akhmetov gained fame in the mid-1990s, replacing Akhat Bragin , who died in an explosion at the Shakhtyor stadium in Donetsk on October 15, 1995, as president of the Shakhtar football club.

In 2001 he graduated from the Economics Faculty of the Donetsk National University with a degree in Marketing ^[7] .

Despite the great influence in the Donetsk region , for a long time he avoided politics. The situation has changed in the run-up to the Orange Revolution . In the 2004 presidential election, Akhmetov supported Viktor Yanukovych ^{[8] [9]} .

In the spring of 2015, according to Yegor Firsov , the media spread information that criminal proceedings were opened against Akhmetov on the fact of financing terrorism and separatism. The press service of Akhmetov denied this information ^{[10] [11]} . In January 2015, Prosecutor General Vitaly Yarema stated that Rinat Akhmetov was interrogated as a witness at the General Prosecutor’s Office on the case of financing terrorist groups in Donbass. The media reported that Akhmetov was in the prosecutor's office for six hours ^{[12] [13]} . Later, Akhmetov confirmed this information in his comment in the media, noting that there are no more questions for him ^[14] .

Policy

In 2006, Akhmetov entered the list of the Party of Regions in parliamentary elections . According to the leader of the faction Alexander Efremov , Rinat Akhmetov provided the faction with “very serious support”, ensuring the work of analytical and expert groups in parliament ^[15] . In the parliamentary elections in 2012, Akhmetov did not participate. Then he said that he was not going to stop charitable activities ^{[16] [17]} .

Entrepreneurial activities

In 1995, on the initiative of Rinat Akhmetov, Dongorbank was established ^[18] (owned by SCM Finance; since July 16, 2011, it was merged with FUIB ) ^[19] .

In 2000 he founded the company System Capital Management ^[20] ; since April 7, 2009 is the sole shareholder of the company ^[21] .

SCM owns controlling stakes in more than 100 enterprises operating in the mining and metallurgical, energy, telecommunications, banking, insurance sectors, media business, retail, real estate, etc. ^[22]

The Group employs about 300 thousand people, in 2011 the salary paid was almost 2 times higher than the average salary in Ukraine ^[23] . The company is one of the largest taxpayers in Ukraine; according to SCM open reports, taxes (including tax on profits and on wages) paid to the state were:

• 2007–912 million dollars;
• 2008 - $ 1,244 million;
• 2009 ▼ 654 million $ ^[24] ;
• 2010 - $ 1,807 million ^[25] ;
• 2011 - about 19 billion hryvnia ^[26] .
• 2012 - about 29 billion hryvnia ^[27] and about 18 billion hryvnia amounted to investments in the modernization of enterprises.
• 2013 - more than ▼ 28 billion hryvnia ^[28] and more than 18 billion hryvnia were investments in the modernization of enterprises.
• 2014 - more than ▼ 32 billion hryvnia ^[29] .

Rinat Akhmetov in 2011 became the largest taxpayer among individuals, paying 67.8 million UAH of personal income tax ^[30] . In 2013, Akhmetov paid UAH 394 million. tax to the local budget as an individual ^[31] . In 2015, Rinat Akhmetov again headed Ukraine’s taxpayers rating, cumulatively paying UAH 379.796 million for 3 years (2012–2014) ^[32] .

As of August 1, 2015, the main assets of the SCM Group include ^[33] :

• SCM JSC (Ukraine)
• SCM Advisors (UK)
• Metinvest Holding (GMK)
• DTEK (energy)
• Bank The First Ukrainian International Bank , which combined its balance sheets with Dongorbank on July 16, 2011 ^[34] and with Renaissance Capital Bank on March 16, 2015 ^[35] .
• ASKA and ASKA-life companies (insurance)
• Corum Group (until 2013, NPK Mining Machines, then rebranding was carried out ^[36] )
• Media Group “Ukraine” , “Today-Multimedia”, United Online Ventures (a company created after Rinat Akhmetov and Boris Lozhkin , the founder of the UMH group , combined Internet assets in 2011 ^[37] )
• Ukrtelecom (telecommunications)
• Vega (telecommunications)
• ESTA Holding (real estate)
• United Minerals Group (clay production)
• Parallel (gas station business)
• Ukrainian retail (retail)
• Portinvest , Lemtrans , Transinvest (transport business)
• HarvEast Holding (agriculture)

According to the declaration, Rinat Akhmetov’s revenues for 2011 amounted to UAH 400,825,586, including: income from the alienation of securities and corporate rights - UAH 397,517,560, gifts - UAH 2,222,844; Bank interest - 897 897 UAH., MP's salary - 187 285 UAH.

Charity

Akhmetov is one of the largest philanthropists in Ukraine ^[38] . In 2005, he founded the Foundation for the Development of Ukraine , whose mission was designated as “To work for people, eliminating the causes of topical social problems; introducing the best experience gained in Ukraine and abroad, creating unique system solutions; achieving maximum results with each of their projects and actions ” ^[39] .

In 2007, the Foundation for Effective Governance ( English Foundation for Effective Governance ) was established, whose mission is to improve the quality of life of Ukrainian citizens by helping "all levels of government in developing and implementing economic reforms and development strategies" and supporting "open discussion urgent issues of development of Ukraine " ^[40] . In early 2014, the Foundation for Effective Governance ceased to exist ^[41] .

Rinat Akhmetov has the following places in the ratings of philanthropists in Ukraine:

• 2008 - the second place in the annual rating of the newspaper “Delo”, the total amount of expenses for charity amounted to 244.6 million UAH ^[42]
• 2009 - the first place in the rating of the business weekly "Contracts", the amount of funds allocated to charity amounted to 29 million dollars ^[43]
• 2010 - the first place in the same rating; the budget of funds allocated for charitable activities through the funds of Akhmetov, amounted to UAH 155.65 million ^[44]
• 2011 - according to the version of the Ukrainian weekly magazine Korrespondent, Akhmetov topped the list of ten main private philanthropists in the country. According to the publication, the total expenses of a businessman for charity in 2011 amounted to 222.7 million hryvnia ^[45]

The Muslim Akhmetov after 1995 financed the construction of the Akhat-Jami mosque ^[46] .

Since 2000, every year on St. Nicholas Day (December 19), Akhmetov and his friend composer Igor Krutoy attend boarding schools, orphanages and other children's institutions as part of a charity event and give gifts to children ^{[47] [48] [49]} .

The salary of the people's deputy of Ukraine Rinat Akhmetov regularly listed for charitable purposes ^{[50] [51] [52]} .

In April 2011, Rinat Akhmetov expressed his condolences to the Japanese people in connection with the earthquake and its consequences. For the needs of those affected by the disaster, $ 1 million was transferred ^{[53] [54]} .

At the same time, Rinat Akhmetov decided to allocate one million US dollars to eliminate the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster and ensure Ukraine’s nuclear security, namely, to ensure the Shelter project - the completion of the sarcophagus on the fourth block of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant ^{[55] [56]} .

Since the summer of 2014, Rinat Akhmetov has been actively helping people affected by the hostilities in eastern Ukraine. In some media throughout the conflict information appeared about the financing of Akhmetov’s militia, but it was not confirmed by the facts. Rinat Akhmetov, in turn, has repeatedly stated that he is in favor of the unity of Ukraine and the avoidance of human victims ^[57] and will support the peaceful population of Donbass at a difficult time for Ukraine. The humanitarian headquarters of Rinat Akhmetov , working in the ATO zone, evacuates people from dangerous zones and places them in recreation centers and sanatoriums ^[58] (as of January 31, 2015, the Humanitarian Headquarters evacuated 39,462 people, including 14,784 children ^[59] ), and distributes food packages to residents of Donbass and Luhansk regions ^[60] , provides medical institutions with equipment and medicines ^[61], and provides targeted medical assistance to wounded and seriously ill civilians ^[62] .

In August 2014, the Humanitarian Flight humanitarian project ^[63] was launched. The goal of this project is to deliver food and children's kits to those in need in Donbas. Each set contains flour, sugar, cereals, canned fish, sunflower oil, stew, pasta, canned corn, and biscuits. As of March 2018, more than 12,000,000 survival kits were given to needy families in Donbass ^[64] .

The Institute for International Development in its report “Humanitarian Access and Local Organizations in Ukraine” describes the work of the Gumshtab in the following way:

  “The most active fund of the country, which prevented a humanitarian catastrophe in Ukraine, was the Rinat Akhmetov Fund, which made a significant contribution to humanitarian activities in the DPR until February 2017, when the actual authorities closed the network of distribution points for the Fund.
 Local humanitarian organizations in Ukraine mainly consist of organized civilian groups, but these local actors cannot be commensurate with the scale of international humanitarian assistance.  The only exception is the Rinat Akhmetov Foundation.
 Created by billionaire Rinat Akhmetov, the richest man in Ukraine and one of the most famous oligarchs of Donbass, the foundation played a significant role in providing assistance to citizens, promptly responding to the crisis and focusing on providing the most substantial assistance, such as the distribution of food and blankets. ” [65] 

FC Shakhtar

October 11, 1996 became president of the football club "Shakhtar" ^[66] . Since then, new players were acquired, training bases were built ^[67] , the team became the champion of the country twelve times (2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019), won the Ukrainian Cup in 1995, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, the Supercup of Ukraine in 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017 ^[66] , and also for the first time in the history of Ukraine won the UEFA Cup ^[68] .

In 1999, on the initiative of Rinat Akhmetov, the Academy of FC Shakhtar was established and several of its branches were opened to train players of the highest level ^{[69] [70]} .

In 2009, the Donbass Arena football stadium was opened in Donetsk, which can accommodate 50 thousand spectators ^[71] .

On May 8, 2011, in order to perpetuate the achievements of the players and coaches of the team, the Alley of Fame of FC Shakhtar was opened; at the event Akhmetov made a welcome speech. On May 14, 2011, a show was held dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Shakhtar, which was trained by about 2,000 people, and was visited by more than 52,000 ^[72] . The show was led by Hollywood actress Mila Jovovich , at the end singer Rihanna ^{[73] [74]} Rinat Akhmetov spoke in her speech-improvisation thanked the team veterans, fans, coach Lucescu and President Yanukovych ^[75] , who listened to his fans greeted his words with ovations ^{[74 ]} .

In the context of a worsening political crisis and the beginning of the conflict in the east of Ukraine, the club was forced to leave Donetsk in May 2014. Since the spring of 2014, the main team is based in Kiev and Lviv, conducting matches of the championship and European cups at the Lviv Arena, the Cup of Ukraine - at the Bannikov UTK Kiev ^[76] .

The Donbass Arena, in turn, has been the center of the distribution of humanitarian aid for the Rinat Akhmetov Foundation since August 2014. More than a hundred volunteers practically unload food around the clock, collect individual sets from them, and transfer them to the needy residents of Donbass ^{[77] [78]} .

During the conflict in the east of Ukraine, the stadium received numerous injuries due to the hit of projectiles ^{[79] [80]} . However, the stadium did not stop its work on the formation and distribution of humanitarian aid.

On August 23, 2014, Donbass Arena suffered the most ^[81] , after which Rinat Akhmetov announced on the official website of FC Shakhtyor that he was willing to donate not only the stadium to restore peace in Donbass:

The damaged building, even such as the Donbass Arena, is a trifle compared to the real value of human lives. Today the most important thing is to stop the war, save the lives of children, women, old people, all residents of Donbass ^[82] .

Reconstruction of the St. Andrew’s Descent in Kiev

In April 2012, one of the companies owned by Rinat Akhmetov destroyed three houses in the historical center of Kiev , which caused a great public outcry. The demolition of buildings on the territory of the “Ancient Kiev” reserve violated the disposal of the KSCA No. 979 of May 17, 2002. ^{[83] [84]} . On April 11, 2012, under the office of Akhmetov, a rally was held in which hundreds of people participated ^[85] . After the Kiev protests, on April 11, 2012, the representative of ESTA Holding apologized, noting that the developer acknowledges her mistakes. It was said that construction is suspended. Rinat Akhmetov thanked those who were not indifferent to the fate of the Andreevsky descent of Kiev, who opposed the destruction of buildings, and promised not to destroy the architectural appearance of the street, but to participate in its restoration ^{[86] [87]} .

In connection with the start of active hostilities in the Donbass region in 2014 and the increase in the number of immigrants from the eastern region of Ukraine, the largest volunteer center “Kozhen I can help you” was organized in the courtyard of the former factory “Youth” ^[88] . ESTA Holding Company transferred its territory to volunteers to equip a humanitarian aid station for IDPs from the ATO area ^[89] . The founder of the center of assistance was the Kiev director and activist of the Volunteer hundred ^[90] Lesya Litvinova. Later, other active Kievites joined Lesya, among them Arseny Finberg, the creator of the Interesting Kiev Excursion Bureau ^[91] . Within three months of the work of the point by the company ESTA Holding, more than three hundred thousand hryvnas were spent on its improvement.

• Father: Leonid Akhmetov was a miner, died in 1991 from a lung disease ^[92] .
• Mother: Nyakiya Nasredinovna Akhmetova - Chairman of the Supervisory Board of SCM.
• Older brother: Igor Leonidovich Akhmetov.
• Wife: Lilia Akhmetova (nee Smirnova; b. 1965) - Chairman of the Audit Commission of SCM.
• Children:
  • Son: Damir Akhmetov (born September 9, 1988), member of the supervisory board of DTEK Holding ^[93] (since 2011), as well as the Supervisory Board of Metinvest ^[94] (since April 2012). On April 14, 2017, it became known that a son Damir and his wife Diana had a daughter ^[95] .
  • Son: Almir Akhmetov (born 1997).

The origin of the capital of Akhmetov and his associates is considered in some detail ^[96] . Rinat Akhmetov himself said this at a press conference in the Interfax-Ukraine agency in 2006 : “As I told you, in 1992–95 there was a period of informal economy. We have established the company Ars. We were trading in coal. It was during these years that I earned the first million ” ^[97] .

In 2007, the documentary film by journalist Vladimir Aryev “Donetsk Mafia. Reboot ”, which suggests that Akhmetov’s criminal origin of capital and career, however, no legal evidence was provided of his connection with the criminal world.

In 2007, the Swiss newspaper Neue Zürcher Zeitung published an article concerning the start of Rinat Akhmetov’s career in the 1990s. Later, the newspaper refuted the statements in full: “there is no connection between Akhmetov ... and organized crime in Ukraine” and “Akhmetov’s economic success is not based in any way on criminal acquired starting capital” ^[99] .

In 2007, the Kyiv Post daily English-language newspaper in Ukraine published an article on Akhmetov’s business operations. In 2008, the Kyiv Post published an apology: “Having studied the information in detail, we concluded that these accusations against Mr. Akhmetov were false and unfounded” ^{[100] [101]} .

In April 2007, American law firm Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, representing the interests of Rinat Akhmetov, and British law firm Schillings said that

On March 30 (2007) they filed a lawsuit in the London High Court of Justice against a group of journalists from the Observer online publication in a libel case against their client. The statement of claim mentioned four materials Tatiana Chornovol - “Innocent? About Akhmetov can only insulting. But I will not ”,“ Akhmetov worked in the 'night shift'. I started from the station ”,“ Rinat Akhmetov was shot at. The true story of the oligarch "and" Rinat Akhmetov helped to fly up a dead duckling. "

The letter Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld to the editorial board of Observer said: “In these articles (Tatiana Chornovol.-b) it is said that Mr. Akhmetov led a non-peaceful way of life after graduation, first earned his capital, being a member of a criminal group, violent и криминальными способами, в том числе с помощью взяточничества, стал причастным к жестокой расправе и причинению мук человеку, который отказался заплатить большую сумму денег, вместе со своим братом контролировал собственный посёлок с помощью запугивания, использования оружия и нападений на людей в их собственных квартирах, которые потом грабились, а также вымогал деньги у боссов коммунистической партии во время азартных игр» ^[102] .

В 2008 году судебное решение было получено от Верховного Суда в Лондоне в отношении украинского интернет-издания «Обозреватель», которое отказалось отозвать ложные и клеветнические заявления, утверждая, что Ринат Ахметов был связан с криминальной деятельностью и насилием. Следуя судебному решению, «Обозреватель» опубликовал официальные извинения: «Редакция признаёт, что статья содержит непроверенную и лживую информацию о г-не Ахметове… Мы приносим извинения г-ну Ахметову за неприятности, доставленные ему данной публикацией» ^[103] .

В 2010 году интернет-сайт www.GoLocalProv.com, расположенный в Провиденсе (штат Род-Айленд) , опубликовал обвинения, подобные тем, от которых отказались «Обозреватель» ^[104] .

18 января 2010 года газета « Le Figaro » опубликовала статью, написанную Ариэль Тедрель под названием «Donetsk, bastion russe en Ukraine». 28 января того же года газета опубликовала опровержение: «„Фигаро“ признаёт, что не имеет никаких доказательств этих утверждений, сожалеет, что такие утверждения были сделаны, и приносит свои извинения господину Ахметову за любой ущерб, который был ему нанесён» ^{[105] [106]}

В начале марта 2017 года руководство непризнанных ЛНР и ДНР объявило о введении «внешнего управления» на предприятиях, зарегистрированных на Украине. В списке ДНР 43 предприятия, большинство из которых принадлежат структурам Ахметова, в частности это: « Енакиевский металлургический завод », « Харцызский трубный завод »; шахты «Комсомолец Донбасса», имени Засядько, Зуевская ТЭС , Донецкоблэнерго; «Укртелеком», ООО «Астелит» («Лайфселл»), Украинская акционерная страховая компания «АСКА», банк ПУМБ, корпорация «Межрегиональный промышленный союз», стадион « Донбасс-Арена », редакция газеты «Донецкие новости», гостиницы «Донбасс-Палас» и «Park Inn by Radisson Donetsk» ^[107] . В списке ЛНР: Алчевский металлургический комбинат , « Алчевсккокс », угледобывающие предприятия « Краснодонуголь », « Ровенькиантрацит », « Свердловантрацит » ^[107] .

Руководство непризнанных республик заявило, что решение было принято в ответ на блокаду торговли с республиками, организованную некоторыми общественными организациями Украины ^[107] .

В рейтингах журнала « Корреспондент » « Топ-50 самых богатых украинцев » Ринат Ахметов регулярно занимает первое место

• 2006 г. — 11,8 млрд $ ^[108]
• 2007 г. — 15,6 млрд $ ^[109]
• 2008 г. — 31,1 млрд $ ^[110]
• 2009 г. — 9,6 млрд $ ^[111]
• 2010 г. — 17,8 млрд $ ^[112]
• 2011 г. — 25,6 млрд $ ^[113]
• 2012 г. — 17,8 млрд $ ^[114]
• 2013 г. — 18,3 млрд $ ^[115]
• 2014 г. — 10,1 млрд $ ^[116]

Согласно ежегодному рейтингу журнала « Forbes » его состояние составляло

• в 2006 г. — 1,7 млрд $ (№ 451 в мировом списке миллиардеров ) ^[117] ;
• в 2007 г. — 4 млрд $ (№ 217) ^[118] ;
• в 2008 г. — 7,3 млрд $ (№ 127) ^[119] ;
• в 2009 г. — 1,8 млрд $ (№ 397) ^[120] ;
• в 2010 г. — 5,2 млрд $ (№ 148) ^[121] ;
• в 2011 г. — 16 млрд $ (№ 39) ^[122] .
• в марте 2012 г. — 16 млрд $ (№ 39) ^[123]
• в марте 2013 г. — 15,4 млрд $ ^[124]
• в 2014 г. — 11,2 млрд $ ^[124]
• в 2015 г. — 6,7 млрд $ (— 5,8 млрд $; № 201) ^[125] .
• в 2017 г. — 4,6 млрд $ ( № 359) ^[126]

Данная оценка относится не к личному капиталу Рината Ахметова, а к стоимости активов Группы «СКМ» ^[127] , прибыль от деятельности которой традиционно не распределяется ^[128] , а ежегодно направляется на дальнейшее развитие бизнеса ^{[129] [130]} .

По данным СМИ, состояние Рината Ахметова за последний год уменьшилось больше чем на $ 4 млрд ^[131] . и сегодня составляет $ 11,2 млрд ^[132] . По информации Forbes, состояние Ахметова уменьшилось на $ 5,8 млрд в течение 2014 года ^[133] .

• Орден князя Ярослава Мудрого V ст. (2010) ^[134]
• Полный кавалер ордена «За заслуги» — I ст. (2006) ^[135] , II ст. (2004) ^[136] , III ст. (2002) ^[137]
• Заслуженный работник физической культуры и спорта Украины (1999) ^[138]
• Награждён медалью «Шахтёрская слава» I—III степеней, золотой медалью Чемпионата Украины по футболу (2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 гг.)
• Награждён Президентом Пакистана за заслуги перед Пакистаном « Звездой Пакистана » (2007) ^[139]
• Лауреат премии «Признание» — «за весомый вклад в меценатство»
• В 2006 году Ринату Ахметову было присвоено звание « Почётный гражданин Донецка » ^[140] .

• Владелец «Донецкого пивзавода» Юрий Павленко погиб вскоре после того, как Ахметов заинтересовался покупкой завода, который затем был куплен структурами Ахметова и переименован в «Сармат» ^{[141] [142] [143] [144] [145]} .
• В детстве серьёзно занимался боксом ^[146] , играл в регби. С того времени у него хранится множество наград и дипломов ^[147] .
• Любимой карточной игрой Ахметова являет "Дурак". По его словам, эта игра тренирует мозги ^[148] .
• Стадион « Донбасс Арена » был построен благодаря своему французскому «собрату» « Стад де Франс ». Ахметов побывал там на матче сборных Франции и Украины в 1999 году и был настолько впечатлен, что ему захотелось построить нечто подобное в Донецке ^{[149] [150]} .

• Пенчук Б., Кузин С. Ахметов Ринат // Донецкая мафия: Антология. — К. : Полиграфкнига, 2006. — ISBN 966-530-041-5 .
• Вечерко В. Н., Федоренко А. С. Ринат Ахметов. Главные слова. — Донецк: издательство А. С. Федоренко, 2012. — 384 с. — ISBN 978-966-2485-02-8 .
• Федоренко А. С. Большая книга жизни. Ринат Ахметов.. — Донецк: издательство А. С. Федоренко, 2013. — 540 с. — ISBN 978-966-2485-07-3 .

• Ахметов, Ринат — статья в Лентапедии . year 2012.
• Татьяна Черновол . В Рината Ахметова стреляли. Правдивая история олигарха. 2007
• Сколько Ахметов заработал за прошлый год? (Neopr.) Архивировано 27 ноября 2012 года.
• Краткая биография. Информация о принадлежащих Ахметову компаниях (неопр.) . Архивировано 27 ноября 2012 года.
• О политической подоплёке травли Стрелкова / Правдинформ (Участие Ахметова в вооружённом конфликте на востоке Украины )
• Сепаратисты ЛНР отобрали у Ахметова три предприятия