Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev (c. 1522 - April 23, 1586 [1] or 1585 [2] ) - Russian statesman, deceased from 1558/1559 , boyar from 1562/1563 , butler from 1565/1566 [1] . The founder of the Romanov dynasty .
| Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | |
| Date of death | or |
| Affiliation | Russian kingdom |
| Battles / wars | campaigns against the Crimean and Kazan Tatars, Livonian war |
The younger (third) son of okolnicho and governor Roman Yuryevich Zakharyin-Koshkin (d. 1543 ) from his first wife or from his second marriage with Ulyana Fedorovna , the grandfather of the Russian tsar Mikhail Fedorovich , father of the patriarch Filaret , brother-in-law of Ivan the Terrible (brother of his wife Anastasia Romanovna ) .
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 family
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
- 5 Links
Biography
On February 3, 1547, Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev attended the wedding of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich with Anastasia Romanovna , where, as one of the bride’s brothers, he was a “ sleeping bag ” and “ movnik ”.
On November 3, 1547, at the wedding of Prince Yury Vasilyevich Uglitsky (younger brother of Ivan the Terrible ) and Princess Ulyana Dmitrievna Palecka , his wife was at bedside, Varvara Ivanovna, and he himself had to sleep at bedtime, ride with the prince and wash with him in a soap dish.
In late 1547 - early 1548, during the first campaign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible against the Kazan Khanate, Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin was a market for the tsar.
In 1552 , during the capture of Kazan, Nikita Zakharyin was probably with the tsar, since Prince Andrei Kurbsky mentioned in the History that the Shurya, that is, Danila and Nikita Romanovich, advised the tsar to immediately return to Moscow, to Anastasia Romanovna. After the news of the birth of his son, Ivan Vasilyevich sent Nikita Romanovich to Moscow with congratulations.
He participated in the Swedish campaign of 1551 ; was governor during the Lithuanian campaign ( 1559 , 1564 - 1567 ). In 1559, during a campaign in Livonia, Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev was the second governor and comrade of Prince Vasily Semyonovich Serebryany in the advanced regiment . Then N.R. Zakharyin was transferred by the second governor to the guard regiment , where he became the comrade and deputy of Prince Andrei Ivanovich Nogtev-Suzdalsky . In 1560, the Rank said: “ And before the big boyars and the governor went to war: Prince Vasily Semenovich Serebryany , and the deceased Nikita Romanovich Yuryev in the large regiment .”
In 1558/1559 , Nikita Romanovich received the rank of deceit, and in 1562/1563 , the boyar. In addition, after the death of his elder brother Danila Romanovich, he was made in 1564/1565 a butler and governor of Tver .
In the spring of 1564, "according to the Crimean news" N.R. Zakharyin-Yuriev was appointed the second governor of the regiment of the right hand (under Prince I.F. Mstislavsky ) in Kashira . Prince Andrey Ivanovich Tatev , appointed second governor in the regiment of his left hand, started a local dispute with Nikita Zakharyin. The first governor of the large regiment, Prince Ivan Dmitrievich Belsky, informed the tsar that Prince Tatev “ didn’t take the lists ”, and Prince Tatev himself wrote to the sovereign that “ in his left hand, it’s impossible for Nikita Romanovich to be, that Nikita is in his right hand”. The tsar answered both that he “take the lists, and was in his left hand, and the smaller Nikita would be more useful .” According to the " secret painting " Nikita Romanovich was supposed to go with the guard regiment " from the shore " and towards Tsar Ivan Vasilievich.
In August of the same 1564, N. R. Zakharyin was called from Kashira to Moscow to negotiate with a Lithuanian messenger. From Kolomna , Prince Ivan Dmitrievich Belsky was simultaneously summoned. In the same year, in the case of the arrival of “Crimean people to Ukraine,” N.R. Romanov was appointed, among other boyars, to remain in Moscow. At the beginning of 1565 , when Tsar Ivan the Terrible divided the Russian state into oprichnina and zemstvo , he left his brother-in-law Nikita Romanovich as a member of the zemstvo government.
In May 1565, Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin signed a letter about sending the embassy to the Nogai Horde , to its new ruler Tinekhmat , the son of Ismail , who died in 1563 , the enemy of the Crimean khan Devlet Geray .
In January-March 1566, Tsar Ivan the Terrible , having taken away from his cousin, the specific prince Vladimir Andreevich Staritsky , the cities of Staritsa and Vereya with volosts, granted him Dmitrov and Zvenigorod with volosts. In the royal letters of exchange, the boyars Ivan Petrovich Fedorov-Chelyadnin and Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuryev are mentioned.
In May-September 1566, the close thought, which included Prince Ivan Dmitrievich Belsky , boyar Ivan Vasilyevich Sheremetev (Bolshoi) and Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuryev, held talks in Moscow with Lithuanian ambassadors, Panas Yu. Khodkevich, Yu. Tyshkevich and clerk M. Garabourd .
In 1567 - 1570, the boyar Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin participated in diplomatic negotiations with the Lithuanian embassies.
In 1569, N.R. Zakharyin-Yuriev was appointed to "Polish Ukraine" the second governor of the regiment of the right hand and comrade of Prince I.F. Mstislavsky . In the case of the arrival of "Crimean people" over the river. Oku N.R. Zakharyin was to lead the advanced regiment on the southern border. In 1570, during the attack of the Crimean Tatars on the South Russian lands, the boyar Nikita Zakharyin was left king in Moscow.
In 1571, voivode Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin and Fedor Vasilyevich Sheremetev set up a fortress on Lake Neshcherdo in the Vitebsk region, on the border of the Sebezh and Nevelsky districts.
In the winter of 1572, he was one of the governor of the advanced regiment during the tsarist campaign in Veliky Novgorod against the Swedes. He was left by the king as one of the city governors in Novgorod . At the beginning of 1573 - the second governor of the advanced regiment in the Livonian campaign on Paide . In the autumn of that year, he was in Murom , where he directed the collection of military people for the campaign against the rebellious Kazan Tatars. The campaign was canceled, because "the Kazan people in Murom finished off with a brow and an agreement was made about everything according to the sovereign’s order."
In 1573, Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev attended the wedding of the Livonian king Magnus with Princess Maria Vladimirovna Staritskaya .
In January 1574, N.R. Zakharyin, the second governor of a large regiment (under the Nogai Murza of Athanasius Sheydyakovich), in a new Livonian campaign. Then, according to the new painting of the regiments of the “Lithuanian Ukraine”, he was appointed the second governor of a large regiment (under Tsar Simeon Bekbulatovich ).
In February 1574, Tsar Ivan the Terrible appointed his brother-in-law, Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin, as the head of the watch and village service. In May of the same 1574 - boyar Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev - governor of the right-hand regiment in Myshega , where he defended the South Russian borders from the raids of the Crimean Tatars.
In 1575, boyar N.R. Zakharyin participated in a new Livonian campaign, during which he took the city of Pernau (Pernov) and amazed the inhabitants with his generosity, giving them the right to voluntarily swear allegiance to the tsar or to leave the city with his property.
In December 1575, on the instructions of the tsar, the boyar Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin, prince Sitsky and clerk Andrei Shchelkalov conducted preliminary negotiations with the imperial embassy in Dorogobuzh .
In the spring of 1577, N. R. Zakharyin was the first governor of the right-hand regiment in the campaign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible to Livonia. At the end of 1578, the boyar Nikita Romanovich Yuryev, at the head of the Zemstvo leadership, was engaged in preparations for the war against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Stephen Batory .
In February 1582, the boyar Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin participated in negotiations with the papal envoy Anthony Posevino , and in the next 1583, in negotiations with the British ambassador Bous.
On the night of March 18-19, 1584, Tsar Ivan the Terrible died, and Fyodor Ivanovich ( 1584-1598 ), Nikita Romanovich’s nephew, entered the Moscow royal throne. Before his death, Ivan the Terrible created a regency council, which he entrusted custody of his son and heir Fedor . According to R. G. Skrynnikov , the board of trustees included the boyars Prince Ivan Fedorovich Mstislavsky , Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev, Boris Fedorovich Godunov , Prince Ivan Petrovich Shuisky , Bogdan Yakovlevich Belsky , treasurer Peter Ivanovich Golovin and clerk Andrei Yakovlevich Shchilkov . In 1584 - 1585, Nikita Zakharyin, a member of the Board of Trustees, participated in the government.
In August 1584, the boyar Nikita Romanovich fell seriously ill and no longer took part in government affairs. Sensing the approach of death, he took from the equestrian Boris Godunov an oath to “observe” his children and “entrusted” him with care for his family. One of his contemporaries testifies that Boris “will make an oath of horror, as if you were a brother and kingdom of a helper.”
The boyar Nikita Romanovich lived in his chambers on Varvarka in Kitay-Gorod (now the Museum of boyar life of the XVI-XVII centuries is open in them).
Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuryev died on April 23, 1585 [2] or 1586 [1] , having adopted monasticism with the name of Nifont; buried in the family crypt in the basement of the Transfiguration Cathedral of the Novospassky Monastery .
Family
The first wife of Nikita Romanovich - Varvara Ivanovna Khovrina (d. June 187063 ( 1552 ), the daughter of Ivan Dmitrievich Khovrin [3] , came from the boyar clan Khovriny-Golovins .
The second wife is Princess Evdokia Alexandrovna Gorbataya-Shuiskaya (d. April 4, 1581 ) - the daughter of the famous commander of the Grozny era. It is not known from which of the wives the future Patriarch Filaret was born; the existing speculation, which was from the second, allowed the Romanovs to find the Rurikovich’s blood in themselves, but this theory remains unproven.
- Children
- Anna (d. 1585 ) - wife of Prince Ivan Fedorovich Troekurov ;
- Euphemia (d. 1602 ) - the wife of Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Sitsky ;
- Fedor (Filaret) (c. 1556 - 1633 );
- Martha (d. 1610 ) - wife of Prince Boris Kambulatovich Cherkassky ;
- Leo (d. 1595 );
- Michael (d. 1602 );
- Alexander (d. 1602 );
- Nicephorus (d. 1601 );
- Ivan Kasha (d. 1640 );
- Ulyana (d. 1565 ) - in infancy;
- Irina (d. 1639 ) - wife of Ivan Ivanovich Godunov ;
- Anastasia (d. 1655 ) - the wife of Prince Boris Mikhailovich Lykov-Obolensky ;
- Basil (d. 1602 ).
- Other relatives
The sister of Nikita Romanovich, Anastasia Romanovna Zakharyina-Yuryeva was the wife of Ivan IV Vasilyevich Grozny [4] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Veselovsky S. B. Studies on the history of the class of servile landowners. - S. 155.
- ↑ 1 2 ESB .
- ↑ Genealogy book of the All-Russian nobility . // Compiled by V. Durasov. - Part I. - City of St. Peter, 1906.
- ↑ Rodovid, Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuryev p. 1522 mind. April 23, 1585
Literature
- Veselovsky S. B. Genus of the Mare // Studies on the history of the class of servile landowners. - M .: Nauka , 1969 .-- 584 p. - 4500 copies.
- The Romanovs // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Boguslavsky V.V. Slavic Encyclopedia. Kievan Rus - Muscovy: in 2 volumes - M .: Olma-Press, 2005
- Skrynnikov R. G. “The Great Sovereign John the Terrible”, Volume 1, Smolensk , “Rusich”, 1996 ISBN 5-88590-528-2
- Skrynnikov R. G. “The Great Sovereign John the Terrible”, Volume 2, Smolensk , “Rusich”, 1996 ISBN 5-88590-529-0
Links
- V. Korsakova. Romanov (Yuryev-Zakharyin), Nikita Romanovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- Yuryev-Romanovs