Kochi Dzodze ( Alb. Koçi Xoxe , May 1, 1911 , Florina - June 11, 1949 , Tirana ) - Albanian communist politician and statesman, one of the founders of the Albanian Labor Party (TLA), Minister of Internal Affairs of the People’s Republic of Albania in 1946-1948 . He led the punitive apparatus in post-war Albania, was the second person of the party-state hierarchy after Enver Hoxha . Focused on Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito . Arrested during party cleansing, convicted and executed.
Kochi Dzodze | |||||||
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alb. Koçi Xoxe | |||||||
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Head of the government | Enver Hoxha | ||||||
Predecessor | |||||||
Successor | Mehmet Shehu | ||||||
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Head of the government | Enver Hoxha | ||||||
Predecessor | Haji Leshi | ||||||
Successor | Carry Kerenji | ||||||
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Head of the government | Enver Hoxha | ||||||
Predecessor | |||||||
Successor | (Acting); | ||||||
Birth | May 1, 1911 Florin (Nom) , | ||||||
Death | June 11, 1949 (38 years) | ||||||
The consignment | Albanian Party of Labor | ||||||
Religion | |||||||
Rank |
Content
Communist activist
Born in the north of Greece in an Albanian - Bulgarian family. Attended high school in Thessaloniki . In 1930 , the Dzodze family moved to Albania. He worked in Korce tinsmith and plumber.
Kochi Dzodze held communist views . Together with Enver Hoxha, in 1937 he created the Korczyn communist group. Between Khoja and Dzodze political rivalry manifested itself early. In 1938, Dzodze was arrested and imprisoned, but the next year he managed to escape.
Party-State Leader
In 1941, Kochi Dzodze became one of the founders of the Communist Party of Albania (CPA); since 1948 - the Albanian Party of Labor (APT) , headed by Enver Hoxha. Since 1943 Dzodze - a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPA. During World War II, he held command posts in the National Liberation Army and had the rank of general.
After KPA came to power, Kochi Dzodze was deputy chairman of the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation (provisional government of Albania from 1944 to 1945 ). In the government of the NRA, Dzodze in 1946 replaced Haji Leshi in the key post of the Minister of the Interior. He headed the secret police of Sigurimi , led the repression against the Albanian anti-communists [1] . Commanded the suppression of anti-communist uprisings in Malesia-e-Madi (January 1945) and Shkodra ( Post-Uprising , September 1946) [2]
Kochi Dzodze was considered the first person of the punitive apparatus (the second and third were Nesti Kerenji and Vaska Koleci ) [3] . In terms of power and political influence in the early postwar years, Kochi Dzodze held the second position in the NRA after Enver Hoxha.
In the spring of 1945, the Special Court , organized by Kochi Dzodze, sentenced 17 members of the former political elite to death and 40 to different terms of imprisonment. This dealt a strong blow to the opponents of the new government [4] .
Conflict and accusations
Kochi Dzodze was a supporter of Josip Broz Tito , enjoyed the active support of the Yugoslav authorities [5] . He advocated the integration of Albania into the Balkan Federation being created on the initiative of Tito. It went against Hoxha’s position.
In the 1948 Soviet-Yugoslav conflict , Hoxha supported Stalin . Party cleansing began in the APT, the main object of which was Kochi Dzodze. He was accused of “titovshchina”, spying for Yugoslavia, committing murders and torture on the orders of the Yugoslav special services, anti-Sovietism and Trotskyism. The last accusations had nothing to do with reality, the degree of Dzodze’s involvement in Yugoslav intelligence was not known for certain [6] , but his orientation towards Tito and his close ties with Yugoslav communists were obvious. In the political situation of that time it was enough.
Kochi Dzodze was removed from his post as Minister of the Interior and replaced by the closest associate of Khoja Mehmet Shehu . In November 1948, Dzodze tried to justify himself in a speech at a party congress. He coordinated the theses of his speech with the Soviet ambassador Dmitry Chuvakhin . Dzodze sharply criticized the Yugoslavs, emphasized his commitment to the USSR, but was still condemned by the congress and soon arrested.
Court and Execution
The investigation over Kochi Dzodze was conducted in a rigid form, with the use of moral and physical torture. In addition to political accusations, he was also charged with organizing the surveillance of party leaders and the appropriation of state funds in the amount of 43 thousand leks . At the trial, Dzodze unsuccessfully tried to invite Enver Hoxha as a witness of his innocence [7] .
An exemplary trial of Kochi Dzodze and a group of his supporters ended in May 1949 . Dzodze was sentenced to death, the remaining defendants (including Pandi Kristo and Vaska Koleci) were sentenced to long prison terms. On June 11, Kochi Dzodze was hanged. His successor at the head of the Interior Ministry, Mehmet Shehu, said that he personally carried out the death sentence [8] .
The Kochi Dzodze case was an Albanian analogue of the Laszlo Raik processes in Hungary , Rudolf Slansky in Czechoslovakia , Vladislav Gomulka in Poland , Anna Pauker in Romania , Traicho Kostov in Bulgaria .
Attempt to rehab
Kochi Dzodze’s figure was posthumously acquired political importance in the mid-1950s, especially in 1956 , after the 20th CPSU Congress . A group of political and military functionaries of the APT - Tuk Yakov , Bedri Spahiu , Dali Ndreu , Panayot Plaku , Liri Gega , Liri Belishova - spoke in favor of liberalizing the regime in the spirit of the Khrushchev thaw . They spoke out against mass repressions, in favor of slowing the pace of industrialization and collectivization, more attention to the standard of living of the masses, and the "democratization of party life" [9] . An important requirement of this group was the rehabilitation of the repressed "Titovites", primarily Kochi Dzodze.
Shadow Dzodze horrified Khoja. They were at the same time in crimes, together they maintained ties with the Yugoslavs. But Dzodze’s rehabilitation would be the end of Hoxha’s power.
Ana Lyalay , historian [10]
At the April 1956 party conference of the APT in Tirana , an attempt was made to remove Enver Hoxha from power . The attempt was suppressed, Plaka fled to Yugoslavia and was soon killed, Ndreu and Gega were shot, Jacob died in prison, Spahiu was sentenced to 25 years, Belishov was interned. The question of the rehabilitation of Kochi Dzodze was tightly closed.
In folklore
Once upon a time there were two Trotskyists - Kochi Dzodze, Pandy Christo. And now we are in Bose Pandi Kristo, Kochi Dzodze. |
See also
- Kadri Hasbio
Literature
- Enver Hoxha . Titovtsy. Publisher RCPO "Rus". St. Petersburg (Leningrad is indicated in the output data). 1997
Notes
- ↑ Koçi Xoxe, dëshmia për vrasjet dhe torturat
- ↑ DOSSIER / Fotot e Sigurimit të Shtetit: Vitet e terrorit 1945-1949
- ↑ Sigurimi i Shtetit, epoka e Koçi Xoxes
- ↑ Albania from massacre to spring
- ↑ Rasti Koçi Xoxe: A ishte vërtetë agjent i jugosllavëve, shefi i parëi i Sigurimit të Shtetit shqiptar?
- ↑ Rasti Koçi Xoxe: A ishte vërtetë agjent i jugosllavëve, shefi i parëi i Sigurimit të S
- ↑ ARKIVAT: Kur Koçi Xoxe pranonte që kishte kryer 6 vrasje me urdhër të Enver Hoxhës dhe e kërkonte dëshmitar në gjyq
- ↑ Rotary 1948
- ↑ Owen Pearson. Albania as Dictatorship and Democracy. IBTauris & Co Ltd, Albania in the Twentieth Century. 2006. ISBN 9781845111052 .
- ↑ Konferenca e '56 -s, ku gabon znj.Lalaj