The story of the ruin of Ryazan Batu

In 6745 (1237), the “godless king” Batu approached Ryazan and stood on the Voronezh River . He demanded a tenth of his wealth. The local prince Yuri Ingvarevich took an indecisive position, on the one hand he sent for help to Vladimir to the Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich , and on the other he gave gifts to Batu. However, having learned from one Ryazan voivode that there was a beautiful woman Eupraxia , the daughter-in-law of the prince, in the city, Batu demanded her to come. Her husband Fedor (the son of the Ryazan prince) began to object, but was killed. Eupraxia herself committed suicide by jumping from a tower . After this, a battle began in which almost the entire Ryazan army was led, led by the prince. On December 21, Ryazan was also taken, the inhabitants of which were completely destroyed. At this time, one Ryazan governor - Evpatiy Kolovrat - ended up in Chernigov . Returning, he saw the devastated Ryazan and, with a small retinue of 1700 soldiers, set off in the footsteps of the Tatars to take revenge on them. In Suzdal, he attacked the army of Batu, but the forces were not equal.

According to the Tale, the Mongols managed to destroy the Evpatiy detachment only with the help of stone-throwing tools designed to destroy the fortifications: “And they pointed many vices at him, and began to hit him with countless vices, and barely killed him.” Struck by the desperate courage, courage and martial art of the Ryazan hero, Baty, saying “if he had served me like this, would have kept him right from his heart”, he gave the body of the killed Evpatiy Kolovrat to the surviving Russian soldiers and, as a sign of respect for them courage, ordered to let them go, without causing them any harm.

The final part of the "Tale" is devoted to the execution of Ingvar Ingvarevich on the Ryazan throne. He weeps to bury the fallen defenders of the principality and begin its restoration. At the end of the story praise is given to the Ryazan princes .

Orlov A. S. believed that the Story was created no earlier than the second half of the 15th century ^[1] . Kloss B. M. estimated the time of writing the Story as 1560 ^[2] . Likhachev, D.S. concluded: "according to our assumptions, the basis of the" Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan Batu "is the story of the Ryazan annals, reflected in its most ancient version in the first half of the 14th century in the Synodal List of the Novgorod First Annals under 1238 and subsequently supplemented in the novel in various time folklore data, data of local legends and information gleaned from epigraphic monuments. " Thus, in his opinion, the Story could not be written earlier than the first half of the XIV century. Likhachev notes that "The episode with Prince Fedor's pestlens - Aponitsa, is probably a local legend."

• The Tatars (film) (1961)
• The Legend of Kolovrat (2017)

• THE STORY ABOUT BATTLE BATTERING BROKEN in Old Russian (transliteration) and Russian (Neopr.) . Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) RAS .
• Likhachev, D.S. The story of Nicole Zarazsky (Neopr.) . Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) RAS.

• The story of the ruin of Ryazan Batu // Great Heritage. Classical works of literature of Ancient Russia / Likhachev D.S. - L .: Fiction, 1987. - P. 244-263.
• The story of the ruin of Ryazan (prepared for publication by D.S. Likhachev). Volokolamsk list of the 16th century Chronograph List of 1599 // Military Tales of Ancient Russia / Adrianova-Peretz V.P. (ed.). - Moscow — Leningrad: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1949. - 374 p. - (Literary monuments).
• Komarovich V.L. On the literary history of the story of Nikola Zaraisk // TODRL . - 1947. - S. 57–72 .
• Likhachev, D.S. Studies on Old Russian literature . - Leningrad: Science, 1986. - 405 p.
• Likhachev, D.S. The Story of Nicole Zarazsky: (texts) // TODRL. - 1949.- T. 7 . - S. 257-406 .
• Likhachev, D.S. To the history of the addition of "The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan Batu" // Archaeographic Yearbook for 1962. - M. , 1963. - S. 48-51 .
• Lobanova I. A. The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu // Literature of Ancient Russia. Bibliographic Dictionary / O.V. Tvorogov (ed.). - M .: Education, 1996 .-- 240 p.
• Lobakova I.A. The problem of the ratio of senior editions of "The Story of the Ruin of Ryazan Batu" // Tr. RAS. Inst. Rus. lit. Sep. Old Russian. lit. (TODRL) .. - SPb. , 1993 .-- T. 46 . - S. 36-42 .
• Lobakova I.A. Notes on the textology of “The Stories of Nikola Zarazsky” (Response to the concept of B. M. Kloss) // Russian hagiography: Research. Publications The polemic .. - 2005. - St. Petersburg .. - S. 761-784 .
• Ilovaisky. History of the Ryazan principality . - 1888. - S. 132-133.
• Karamzin N.M. History of the Russian state . - M. , 1991. - T. 3. - S. 509 ..
• Kloss B.M. Chapter VIII. The Story of Nicole Zarazsky // Selected Works. T. 2: Essays on the history of Russian hagiography of the XIV-XVI centuries. - Languages ​​of Russian culture, 2001. - S. 411-. - 498 p.
• Orlov A.S. Heroic themes of ancient Russian literature . - Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1945. - 156 p.